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<h2>Active Support Instrumentation</h2><p>Active Support is a part of core Rails that provides Ruby language extensions, utilities and other things. One of the things it includes is an instrumentation API that can be used inside an application to measure certain actions that occur within Ruby code, such as that inside a Rails application or the framework itself. It is not limited to Rails, however. It can be used independently in other Ruby scripts if it is so desired.</p><p>In this guide, you will learn how to use the instrumentation API inside of Active Support to measure events inside of Rails and other Ruby code.</p><p>After reading this guide, you will know:</p>
<ul>
<li>What instrumentation can provide.</li>
<li>The hooks inside the Rails framework for instrumentation.</li>
<li>Adding a subscriber to a hook.</li>
<li>Building a custom instrumentation implementation.</li>
</ul>
<div id="subCol">
<h3 class="chapter"><img src="images/chapters_icon.gif" alt="" />Chapters</h3>
<ol class="chapters">
<li><a href="#introduction-to-instrumentation">Introduction to instrumentation</a></li>
<li><a href="#rails-framework-hooks">Rails framework hooks</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#action-controller">Action Controller</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#write-fragment-action-controller">write_fragment.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#read-fragment-action-controller">read_fragment.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#expire-fragment-action-controller">expire_fragment.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#exist-fragment-questionmark-action-controller">exist_fragment?.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#write-page-action-controller">write_page.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#expire-page-action-controller">expire_page.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#start-processing-action-controller">start_processing.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#process-action-action-controller">process_action.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#send-file-action-controller">send_file.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#send-data-action-controller">send_data.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#redirect-to-action-controller">redirect_to.action_controller</a></li>
<li><a href="#halted-callback-action-controller">halted_callback.action_controller</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#action-view">Action View</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#render-template-action-view">render_template.action_view</a></li>
<li><a href="#render-partial-action-view">render_partial.action_view</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#active-record">Active Record</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sql-active-record">sql.active_record</a></li>
<li><a href="#identity-active-record">identity.active_record</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#action-mailer">Action Mailer</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#receive-action-mailer">receive.action_mailer</a></li>
<li><a href="#deliver-action-mailer">deliver.action_mailer</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#activeresource">ActiveResource</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#request-active-resource">request.active_resource</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#active-support">Active Support</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#cache-read-active-support">cache_read.active_support</a></li>
<li><a href="#cache-generate-active-support">cache_generate.active_support</a></li>
<li><a href="#cache-fetch-hit-active-support">cache_fetch_hit.active_support</a></li>
<li><a href="#cache-write-active-support">cache_write.active_support</a></li>
<li><a href="#cache-delete-active-support">cache_delete.active_support</a></li>
<li><a href="#cache-exist-questionmark-active-support">cache_exist?.active_support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#railties">Railties</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#load-config-initializer-railties">load_config_initializer.railties</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rails">Rails</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#deprecation-rails">deprecation.rails</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#subscribing-to-an-event">Subscribing to an event</a></li>
<li><a href="#creating-custom-events">Creating custom events</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container">
<div class="wrapper">
<div id="mainCol">
<h3 id="introduction-to-instrumentation">1 Introduction to instrumentation</h3><p>The instrumentation API provided by Active Support allows developers to provide hooks which other developers may hook into. There are several of these within the Rails framework, as described below in (TODO: link to section detailing each hook point). With this API, developers can choose to be notified when certain events occur inside their application or another piece of Ruby code.</p><p>For example, there is a hook provided within Active Record that is called every time Active Record uses an SQL query on a database. This hook could be <strong>subscribed</strong> to, and used to track the number of queries during a certain action. There's another hook around the processing of an action of a controller. This could be used, for instance, to track how long a specific action has taken.</p><p>You are even able to create your own events inside your application which you can later subscribe to.</p><h3 id="rails-framework-hooks">2 Rails framework hooks</h3><p>Within the Ruby on Rails framework, there are a number of hooks provided for common events. These are detailed below.</p><h3 id="action-controller">3 Action Controller</h3><h4 id="write-fragment-action-controller">3.1 write_fragment.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>The complete key</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'posts/1-dashboard-view'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="read-fragment-action-controller">3.2 read_fragment.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>The complete key</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'posts/1-dashboard-view'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="expire-fragment-action-controller">3.3 expire_fragment.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>The complete key</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'posts/1-dashboard-view'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="exist-fragment-questionmark-action-controller">3.4 exist_fragment?.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>The complete key</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'posts/1-dashboard-view'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="write-page-action-controller">3.5 write_page.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:path</code></td>
<td>The complete path</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
path: '/users/1'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="expire-page-action-controller">3.6 expire_page.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:path</code></td>
<td>The complete path</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
path: '/users/1'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="start-processing-action-controller">3.7 start_processing.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:controller</code></td>
<td>The controller name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:action</code></td>
<td>The action</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:params</code></td>
<td>Hash of request parameters without any filtered parameter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:format</code></td>
<td>html/js/json/xml etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:method</code></td>
<td>HTTP request verb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:path</code></td>
<td>Request path</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
controller: "PostsController",
action: "new",
params: { "action" => "new", "controller" => "posts" },
format: :html,
method: "GET",
path: "/posts/new"
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="process-action-action-controller">3.8 process_action.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:controller</code></td>
<td>The controller name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:action</code></td>
<td>The action</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:params</code></td>
<td>Hash of request parameters without any filtered parameter</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:format</code></td>
<td>html/js/json/xml etc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:method</code></td>
<td>HTTP request verb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:path</code></td>
<td>Request path</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:view_runtime</code></td>
<td>Amount spent in view in ms</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
controller: "PostsController",
action: "index",
params: {"action" => "index", "controller" => "posts"},
format: :html,
method: "GET",
path: "/posts",
status: 200,
view_runtime: 46.848,
db_runtime: 0.157
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="send-file-action-controller">3.9 send_file.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:path</code></td>
<td>Complete path to the file</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="info"><p>Additional keys may be added by the caller.</p></div><h4 id="send-data-action-controller">3.10 send_data.action_controller</h4><p><code>ActionController</code> does not had any specific information to the payload. All options are passed through to the payload.</p><h4 id="redirect-to-action-controller">3.11 redirect_to.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:status</code></td>
<td>HTTP response code</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:location</code></td>
<td>URL to redirect to</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
status: 302,
location: "http://localhost:3000/posts/new"
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="halted-callback-action-controller">3.12 halted_callback.action_controller</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:filter</code></td>
<td>Filter that halted the action</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
filter: ":halting_filter"
}
</pre>
</div>
<h3 id="action-view">4 Action View</h3><h4 id="render-template-action-view">4.1 render_template.action_view</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:identifier</code></td>
<td>Full path to template</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:layout</code></td>
<td>Applicable layout</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
identifier: "/Users/adam/projects/notifications/app/views/posts/index.html.erb",
layout: "layouts/application"
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="render-partial-action-view">4.2 render_partial.action_view</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:identifier</code></td>
<td>Full path to template</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
identifier: "/Users/adam/projects/notifications/app/views/posts/_form.html.erb",
}
</pre>
</div>
<h3 id="active-record">5 Active Record</h3><h4 id="sql-active-record">5.1 sql.active_record</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:sql</code></td>
<td>SQL statement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:name</code></td>
<td>Name of the operation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:object_id</code></td>
<td><code>self.object_id</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="info"><p>The adapters will add their own data as well.</p></div><div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
sql: "SELECT \"posts\".* FROM \"posts\" ",
name: "Post Load",
connection_id: 70307250813140,
binds: []
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="identity-active-record">5.2 identity.active_record</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:line</code></td>
<td>Primary Key of object in the identity map</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:name</code></td>
<td>Record's class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:connection_id</code></td>
<td><code>self.object_id</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="action-mailer">6 Action Mailer</h3><h4 id="receive-action-mailer">6.1 receive.action_mailer</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:mailer</code></td>
<td>Name of the mailer class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:message_id</code></td>
<td>ID of the message, generated by the Mail gem</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:subject</code></td>
<td>Subject of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:to</code></td>
<td>To address(es) of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:from</code></td>
<td>From address of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:bcc</code></td>
<td>BCC addresses of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:cc</code></td>
<td>CC addresses of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:date</code></td>
<td>Date of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:mail</code></td>
<td>The encoded form of the mail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
mailer: "Notification",
message_id: "[email protected]",
subject: "Rails Guides",
to: ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"],
from: ["[email protected]"],
date: Sat, 10 Mar 2012 14:18:09 +0100,
mail: "..." # omitted for brevity
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="deliver-action-mailer">6.2 deliver.action_mailer</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:mailer</code></td>
<td>Name of the mailer class</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:message_id</code></td>
<td>ID of the message, generated by the Mail gem</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:subject</code></td>
<td>Subject of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:to</code></td>
<td>To address(es) of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:from</code></td>
<td>From address of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:bcc</code></td>
<td>BCC addresses of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:cc</code></td>
<td>CC addresses of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:date</code></td>
<td>Date of the mail</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:mail</code></td>
<td>The encoded form of the mail</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
mailer: "Notification",
message_id: "[email protected]",
subject: "Rails Guides",
to: ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"],
from: ["[email protected]"],
date: Sat, 10 Mar 2012 14:18:09 +0100,
mail: "..." # omitted for brevity
}
</pre>
</div>
<h3 id="activeresource">7 ActiveResource</h3><h4 id="request-active-resource">7.1 request.active_resource</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:method</code></td>
<td>HTTP method</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:request_uri</code></td>
<td>Complete URI</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:result</code></td>
<td>HTTP response object</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="active-support">8 Active Support</h3><h4 id="cache-read-active-support">8.1 cache_read.active_support</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:hit</code></td>
<td>If this read is a hit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>:super_operation</code></td>
<td>:fetch is added when a read is used with <code>#fetch</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="cache-generate-active-support">8.2 cache_generate.active_support</h4><p>This event is only used when <code>#fetch</code> is called with a block.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="info"><p>Options passed to fetch will be merged with the payload when writing to the store</p></div><div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'name-of-complicated-computation'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="cache-fetch-hit-active-support">8.3 cache_fetch_hit.active_support</h4><p>This event is only used when <code>#fetch</code> is called with a block.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="info"><p>Options passed to fetch will be merged with the payload.</p></div><div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'name-of-complicated-computation'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="cache-write-active-support">8.4 cache_write.active_support</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="info"><p>Cache stores may add their own keys</p></div><div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'name-of-complicated-computation'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="cache-delete-active-support">8.5 cache_delete.active_support</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'name-of-complicated-computation'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="cache-exist-questionmark-active-support">8.6 cache_exist?.active_support</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Key</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>:key</code></td>
<td>Key used in the store</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="code_container">
<pre class="brush: ruby; gutter: false; toolbar: false">
{
key: 'name-of-complicated-computation'
}
</pre>
</div>
<h3 id="railties">9 Railties</h3><h4 id="load-config-initializer-railties">9.1 load_config_initializer.railties</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>