fMoney.php

<?php
/**
 * Represents a monetary value - USD are supported by default and others can be added via ::defineCurrency()
 * 
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Will Bond
 * @author     Will Bond [wb] <will@flourishlib.com>
 * @license    http://flourishlib.com/license
 * 
 * @package    Flourish
 * @link       http://flourishlib.com/fMoney
 * 
 * @version    1.0.0b3
 * @changes    1.0.0b3  Added the `$remove_zero_fraction` parameter to ::format() [wb, 2010-06-09]
 * @changes    1.0.0b2  Fixed a bug with calling ::format() when a format callback is set, fixed `NULL` `$element` handling in ::getCurrencyInfo() [wb, 2009-03-24]
 * @changes    1.0.0b   The initial implementation [wb, 2008-08-10]
 */
class fMoney
{
	// The following constants allow for nice looking callbacks to static methods
	const defineCurrency           = 'fMoney::defineCurrency';
	const getCurrencies            = 'fMoney::getCurrencies';
	const getCurrencyInfo          = 'fMoney::getCurrencyInfo';
	const getDefaultCurrency       = 'fMoney::getDefaultCurrency';
	const registerFormatCallback   = 'fMoney::registerFormatCallback';
	const registerUnformatCallback = 'fMoney::registerUnformatCallback';
	const reset                    = 'fMoney::reset';
	const setDefaultCurrency       = 'fMoney::setDefaultCurrency';
	
	
	/**
	 * The number of decimal places to use for values
	 * 
	 * @var integer
	 */
	static private $currencies = array(
		'USD' => array(
			'name'      => 'United States Dollar',
			'symbol'    => '$',
			'precision' => 2,
			'value'     => '1.00000000'
		)
	);
	
	/**
	 * The ISO code (three letters, e.g. 'USD') for the default currency
	 * 
	 * @var string
	 */
	static private $default_currency = NULL;
	
	/**
	 * A callback to process all money values through
	 * 
	 * @var callback
	 */
	static private $format_callback = NULL;
	
	/**
	 * A callback to remove money formatting and return a decimal number
	 * 
	 * @var callback
	 */
	static private $unformat_callback = NULL;
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows adding a new currency, or modifying an existing one
	 * 
	 * @param string  $iso_code   The ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`) for the currency
	 * @param string  $name       The name of the currency
	 * @param string  $symbol     The symbol for the currency
	 * @param integer $precision  The number of digits after the decimal separator to store
	 * @param string  $value      The value of the currency relative to some common standard between all currencies
	 * @return void
	 */
	static public function defineCurrency($iso_code, $name, $symbol, $precision, $value)
	{
		self::$currencies[$iso_code] = array(
			'name'      => $name,
			'symbol'    => $symbol,
			'precision' => $precision,
			'value'     => $value
		);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Lists all of the defined currencies
	 * 
	 * @return array  The 3 letter ISO codes for all of the defined currencies
	 */
	static public function getCurrencies()
	{
		return array_keys(self::$currencies);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows retrieving information about a currency
	 * 
	 * @param string  $iso_code  The ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`) for the currency
	 * @param string  $element   The element to retrieve: `'name'`, `'symbol'`, `'precision'`, `'value'`
	 * @return mixed  An associative array of the currency info, or the element specified
	 */
	static public function getCurrencyInfo($iso_code, $element=NULL)
	{
		if (!isset(self::$currencies[$iso_code])) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The currency specified, %1$s, is not a valid currency. Must be one of: %2$s.',
				$iso_code,
				join(', ', array_keys(self::$currencies))
			);
		}
		
		if ($element === NULL) {
			return self::$currencies[$iso_code];
		}
		
		if (!isset(self::$currencies[$iso_code][$element])) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The element specified, %1$s, is not valid. Must be one of: %2$s.',
				$element,
				join(', ', array_keys(self::$currencies[$iso_code]))
			);
		}
		
		return self::$currencies[$iso_code][$element];
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Gets the default currency
	 * 
	 * @return string  The ISO code of the default currency
	 */
	static public function getDefaultCurrency()
	{
		return self::$default_currency;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows setting a callback to translate or modify any return values from ::format()
	 * 
	 * @param  callback $callback  The callback to pass all fNumber objects to. Should accept an fNumber object, a string currency abbreviation and a boolean indicating if a zero-fraction should be removed - it should return a formatted string.
	 * @return void
	 */
	static public function registerFormatCallback($callback)
	{
		if (is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '::') !== FALSE) {
			$callback = explode('::', $callback);	
		}
		self::$format_callback = $callback;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows setting a callback to clean any formatted values so they can be passed to fNumber
	 * 
	 * @param  callback $callback  The callback to pass formatted strings to. Should accept a formatted string and a currency code and return a string suitable to passing to the fNumber constructor.
	 * @return void
	 */
	static public function registerUnformatCallback($callback)
	{
		if (is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '::') !== FALSE) {
			$callback = explode('::', $callback);	
		}
		self::$unformat_callback = $callback;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Resets the configuration of the class
	 * 
	 * @internal
	 * 
	 * @return void
	 */
	static public function reset()
	{
		self::$currencies = array(
			'USD' => array(
				'name'      => 'United States Dollar',
				'symbol'    => '$',
				'precision' => 2,
				'value'     => '1.00000000'
			)
		);
		self::$default_currency  = NULL;
		self::$format_callback   = NULL;
		self::$unformat_callback = NULL;	
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Sets the default currency to use when creating fMoney objects
	 * 
	 * @param string  $iso_code  The ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`) for the new default currency
	 * @return void
	 */
	static public function setDefaultCurrency($iso_code)
	{
		if (!isset(self::$currencies[$iso_code])) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The currency specified, %1$s, is not a valid currency. Must be one of: %2$s.',
				$iso_code,
				join(', ', array_keys(self::$currencies))
			);
		}
		
		self::$default_currency = $iso_code;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * The raw monetary value
	 * 
	 * @var fNumber
	 */
	private $amount;
	
	/**
	 * The ISO code or the currency of this value
	 * 
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $currency;
	
	
	/**
	 * Creates the monetary to represent, with an optional currency
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$amount` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fNumber|string $amount    The monetary value to represent, should never be a float since those are imprecise
	 * @param  string         $currency  The currency ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`) for this value
	 * @return fMoney
	 */
	public function __construct($amount, $currency=NULL)
	{
		if ($currency !== NULL && !isset(self::$currencies[$currency])) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The currency specified, %1$s, is not a valid currency. Must be one of: %2$s.',
				$abbreviation,
				join(', ', array_keys(self::$currencies))
			);
		}
		
		if ($currency === NULL && self::$default_currency === NULL) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'No currency was specified and no default currency has been set'
			);
		}
		
		$this->currency = ($currency !== NULL) ? $currency : self::$default_currency;
		
		$precision = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'precision');
		
		// Unformat any money value
		if (self::$unformat_callback !== NULL) {
			$amount = call_user_func(self::$unformat_callback, $amount, $this->currency);
		} else {
			$amount = str_replace(
				array(
					self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'symbol'),
					','
				),
				'',
				($amount instanceof fNumber) ? $amount->__toString() : $amount
			);
		}
		
		$this->amount = new fNumber($amount, $precision);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * All requests that hit this method should be requests for callbacks
	 * 
	 * @internal
	 * 
	 * @param  string $method  The method to create a callback for
	 * @return callback  The callback for the method requested
	 */
	public function __get($method)
	{
		return array($this, $method);		
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Returns the monetary value without a currency symbol or thousand separator (e.g. `2000.12`)
	 * 
	 * @return string  The monetary value without currency symbol or thousands separator
	 */
	public function __toString()
	{
		return $this->amount->__toString();
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds the passed monetary value to the current one
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$addend` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $addend  The money object to add - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return fMoney  The sum of the monetary values in this currency
	 */
	public function add($addend)
	{
		$addend           = $this->makeMoney($addend);
		$converted_addend = $addend->convert($this->currency)->amount;
		$precision        = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'precision');
		$new_amount       = $this->amount->add($converted_addend, $precision+1)->round($precision);
		return new fMoney($new_amount, $this->currency);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Splits the current value into multiple parts ensuring that the sum of the results is exactly equal to this amount
	 * 
	 * This method takes two or more parameters. The parameters should each be
	 * fractions that when added together equal 1.
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When one of the ratios is not a number
	 * 
	 * @param  fNumber|string $ratio1  The ratio of the first amount to this amount
	 * @param  fNumber|string $ratio2  The ratio of the second amount to this amount
	 * @param  fNumber|string ...
	 * @return array  fMoney objects each with the appropriate ratio of the current amount
	 */
	public function allocate($ratio1, $ratio2)
	{
		$ratios = func_get_args();
		
		$total = new fNumber('0', 10);
		foreach ($ratios as $ratio) {
			$total = $total->add($ratio);
		}
		
		if (!$total->eq('1.0')) {
			$ratio_values = array();
			foreach ($ratios as $ratio) {
				$ratio_values[] = ($ratio instanceof fNumber) ? $ratio->__toString() : (string) $ratio;
			}
			
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The ratios specified (%s) combined are not equal to 1',
				join(', ', $ratio_values)
			);
		}
		
		$precision = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'precision');
		
		if ($precision == 0) {
			$smallest_amount = new fNumber('1');
		} else {
			$smallest_amount = new fNumber('0.' . str_pad('', $precision-1, '0') . '1');
		}
		$smallest_money = new fMoney($smallest_amount, $this->currency);
		
		$monies = array();
		$sum    = new fNumber('0', $precision);
		
		foreach ($ratios as $ratio) {
			$new_amount = $this->amount->mul($ratio)->trunc($precision);
			$sum        = $sum->add($new_amount, $precision+1)->round($precision);
			$monies[] = new fMoney($new_amount, $this->currency);
		}
		
		while ($sum->lt($this->amount)) {
			foreach ($monies as &$money) {
				if ($sum->eq($this->amount)) {
					break 2;
				}
				$money = $money->add($smallest_money);
				$sum   = $sum->add($smallest_amount, $precision+1)->round($precision);
			}
		}
		
		return $monies;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Converts this money amount to another currency
	 * 
	 * @param  string $new_currency  The ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`) for the new currency
	 * @return fMoney  A new fMoney object representing this amount in the new currency
	 */
	public function convert($new_currency)
	{
		if ($new_currency == $this->currency) {
			return $this;
		}
		
		if (!isset(self::$currencies[$new_currency])) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The currency specified, %1$s, is not a valid currency. Must be one of: %2$s.',
				$new_currency,
				join(', ', array_keys(self::$currencies))
			);
		}
		
		$currency_value     = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'value');
		$new_currency_value = self::getCurrencyInfo($new_currency, 'value');
		$new_precision      = self::getCurrencyInfo($new_currency, 'precision');
		
		$new_amount = $this->amount->mul($currency_value, 8)->div($new_currency_value, $new_precision+1)->round($new_precision);
		 
		return new fMoney($new_amount, $new_currency);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if two monetary values are equal
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The money object to compare to - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return boolean  If the monetary values are equal
	 */
	public function eq($money)
	{
		$money = $this->makeMoney($money);
		return $this->amount->eq($money->convert($this->currency)->amount);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Formats the amount by preceeding the amount with the currency symbol and adding thousands separators
	 * 
	 * @param  boolean $remove_zero_fraction  If `TRUE` and all digits after the decimal place are `0`, the decimal place and all zeros are removed
	 * @return string  The formatted (and possibly converted) value
	 */
	public function format($remove_zero_fraction=FALSE)
	{
		if (self::$format_callback !== NULL) {
			return call_user_func(self::$format_callback, $this->amount, $this->currency, $remove_zero_fraction);
		}
		
		// We can't use number_format() since it takes a float and we have a
		// string that can not be losslessly converted to a float
		$number   = $this->__toString();
		$parts    = explode('.', $number);
		
		$integer  = $parts[0];
		$fraction = (!isset($parts[1])) ? '' : $parts[1];
		
		$sign     = '';
		if ($integer[0] == '-') {
			$sign    = '-';
			$integer = substr($integer, 1);
		}
		
		$int_sections = array();
		for ($i = strlen($integer)-3; $i > 0; $i -= 3) {
			array_unshift($int_sections, substr($integer, $i, 3));
		}
		array_unshift($int_sections, substr($integer, 0, $i+3));
		
		$symbol   = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'symbol');
		$integer  = join(',', $int_sections);
		$fraction = (strlen($fraction)) ? '.' . $fraction : '';
		
		if ($remove_zero_fraction && rtrim($fraction, '.0') === '') {
			$fraction = '';
		}
		
		return $sign . $symbol . $integer . $fraction;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Returns the fNumber object representing the amount
	 * 
	 * @return fNumber  The amount of this monetary value
	 */
	public function getAmount()
	{
		return $this->amount;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Returns the currency ISO code
	 * 
	 * @return string  The currency ISO code (three letters, e.g. `'USD'`)
	 */
	public function getCurrency()
	{
		return $this->currency;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if this value is greater than the one passed
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The money object to compare to - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return boolean  If this value is greater than the one passed
	 */
	public function gt($money)
	{
		$money = $this->makeMoney($money);
		return $this->amount->gt($money->convert($this->currency)->amount);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if this value is greater than or equal to the one passed
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The money object to compare to - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return boolean  If this value is greater than or equal to the one passed
	 */
	public function gte($money)
	{
		$money = $this->makeMoney($money);
		return $this->amount->gte($money->convert($this->currency)->amount);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if this value is less than the one passed
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The money object to compare to - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return boolean  If this value is less than the one passed
	 */
	public function lt($money)
	{
		$money = $this->makeMoney($money);
		return $this->amount->lt($money->convert($this->currency)->amount);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks to see if this value is less than or equal to the one passed
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The money object to compare to - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return boolean  If this value is less than or equal to the one passed
	 */
	public function lte($money)
	{
		$money = $this->makeMoney($money);
		return $this->amount->lte($money->convert($this->currency)->amount);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Turns a string into an fMoney object if a default currency is defined
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$money` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $money  The value to convert to an fMoney object
	 * @return fMoney  The converted value
	 */
	private function makeMoney($money)
	{
		if ($money instanceof fMoney) {
			return $money;
		}	
		
		if (is_object($money) && is_callable(array($money, '__toString'))) {
			$money = $money->__toString();	
		} elseif (is_numeric($money) || is_object($money)) {
			$money = (string) $money;	
		}
		
		if (!is_string($money)) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'The money value specified, %s, is not an fMoney object, integer or string and is thus is invalid for this operation',
				$money
			);	
		}
		
		if (!self::$default_currency) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'A default currency must be set in order to convert strings or integers to fMoney objects on the fly'
			);		
		}
		
		return new fMoney($money);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Mupltiplies this monetary value times the number passed
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$multiplicand` is not a valid number
	 * 
	 * @param  fNumber|string|integer $multiplicand  The number of times to multiply this ammount - don't use a float since they are imprecise
	 * @return fMoney  The product of the monetary value and the multiplicand passed
	 */
	public function mul($multiplicand)
	{
		$precision  = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'precision');
		$new_amount = $this->amount->mul($multiplicand, $precision+1)->round($precision);
		return new fMoney($new_amount, $this->currency);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Subtracts the passed monetary value from the current one
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When `$subtrahend` is not a valid number/monetary value
	 * 
	 * @param  fMoney|string|integer $subtrahend  The money object to subtract - a string or integer will be converted to the default currency (if defined)
	 * @return fMoney  The difference of the monetary values in this currency
	 */
	public function sub($subtrahend)
	{
		$subtrahend           = $this->makeMoney($subtrahend);
		$converted_subtrahend = $subtrahend->convert($this->currency)->amount;
		$precision            = self::getCurrencyInfo($this->currency, 'precision');
		$new_amount           = $this->amount->sub($converted_subtrahend, $precision+1)->round($precision);
		return new fMoney($new_amount, $this->currency);
	}
}



/**
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2010 Will Bond <will@flourishlib.com>
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */