fValidation.php

<?php
/**
 * Provides validation routines for standalone forms, such as contact forms
 * 
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Will Bond
 * @author     Will Bond [wb] <will@flourishlib.com>
 * @license    http://flourishlib.com/license
 * 
 * @package    Flourish
 * @link       http://flourishlib.com/fValidation
 * 
 * @version    1.0.0b12
 * @changes    1.0.0b12  Fixed some method signatures [wb, 2011-08-24]
 * @changes    1.0.0b11  Fixed ::addCallbackRule() to be able to handle multiple rules per field [wb, 2011-06-02]
 * @changes    1.0.0b10  Fixed ::addRegexRule() to be able to handle multiple rules per field [wb, 2010-08-30]
 * @changes    1.0.0b9   Enhanced all of the add fields methods to accept one field per parameter, or an array of fields [wb, 2010-06-24]
 * @changes    1.0.0b8   Added/fixed support for array-syntax fields names [wb, 2010-06-09]
 * @changes    1.0.0b7   Added the ability to pass an array of replacements to ::addRegexReplacement() and ::addStringReplacement() [wb, 2010-05-31]
 * @changes    1.0.0b6   BackwardsCompatibilityBreak - moved one-or-more required fields from ::addRequiredFields() to ::addOneOrMoreRule(), moved conditional required fields from ::addRequiredFields() to ::addConditionalRule(), changed returned messages array to have field name keys - added lots of functionality [wb, 2010-05-26] 
 * @changes    1.0.0b5   Added the `$return_messages` parameter to ::validate() and updated code for new fValidationException API [wb, 2009-09-17]
 * @changes    1.0.0b4   Changed date checking from `strtotime()` to fTimestamp for better localization support [wb, 2009-06-01]
 * @changes    1.0.0b3   Updated for new fCore API [wb, 2009-02-16]
 * @changes    1.0.0b2   Added support for validating date and URL fields [wb, 2009-01-23]
 * @changes    1.0.0b    The initial implementation [wb, 2007-06-14]
 */
class fValidation
{
	/**
	 * Composes text using fText if loaded
	 * 
	 * @param  string  $message    The message to compose
	 * @param  mixed   $component  A string or number to insert into the message
	 * @param  mixed   ...
	 * @return string  The composed and possible translated message
	 */
	static protected function compose($message)
	{
		$args = array_slice(func_get_args(), 1);
		
		if (class_exists('fText', FALSE)) {
			return call_user_func_array(
				array('fText', 'compose'),
				array($message, $args)
			);
		} else {
			return vsprintf($message, $args);
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Check if a field has a value
	 * 
	 * @param  string $key  The key to check for a value
	 * @return boolean  If the key has a value
	 */
	static private function hasValue($key)
	{
		$value = fRequest::get($key);
		if (self::stringlike($value)) {
			return TRUE;
		}	
		if (is_array($value)) {
			foreach ($value as $individual_value) {
				if (self::stringlike($individual_value)) {
					return TRUE;	
				}
			}	
		}
		return FALSE;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Compares the message matching strings by longest first so that the longest matches are made first
	 *
	 * @param  string $a  The first string to compare
	 * @param  string $b  The second string to compare
	 * @return integer  `-1` if `$a` is longer than `$b`, `0` if they are equal length, `1` if `$a` is shorter than `$b`
	 */
	static private function sortMessageMatches($a, $b)
	{
		if (strlen($a) == strlen($b)) {
			return 0;	
		}
		if (strlen($a) > strlen($b)) {
			return -1;	
		}
		return 1;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Returns `TRUE` for non-empty strings, numbers, objects, empty numbers and string-like numbers (such as `0`, `0.0`, `'0'`)
	 * 
	 * @param  mixed $value  The value to check
	 * @return boolean  If the value is string-like
	 */
	static protected function stringlike($value)
	{
		if ((!is_array($value) && !is_string($value) && !is_object($value) && !is_numeric($value)) || (!is_array($value) && !strlen(trim($value)))) {
			return FALSE;	
		}
		
		return TRUE;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Rules that run through a callback
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $callback_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * Rules for conditionally requiring fields
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $conditional_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * Fields that should be valid dates
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $date_fields = array();
	
	/**
	 * An array for custom field names
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $field_names = array();
	
	/**
	 * File upload rules
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $file_upload_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * An array for ordering the fields in the resulting message
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $message_order = array();
	
	/**
	 * Rules for at least one field of multiple having a value
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $one_or_more_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * Rules for exactly one field of multiple having a value
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $only_one_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * Regular expression replacements for the validation messages
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $regex_replacements = array();
	
	/**
	 * Rules to validate fields via regular expressions
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $regex_rules = array();
	
	/**
	 * The fields to be required
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $required_fields = array();
	
	/**
	 * String replacements for the validation messages
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $string_replacements = array();
	
	/**
	 * Rules for validating a field against a set of valid values
	 * 
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $valid_values_rules = array();
	
	
	/**
	 * All requests that hit this method should be requests for callbacks
	 * 
	 * @internal
	 * 
	 * @param  string $method  The method to create a callback for
	 * @return callback  The callback for the method requested
	 */
	public function __get($method)
	{
		return array($this, $method);		
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds fields to be checked for 1/0, t/f, true/false, yes/no
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain a boolean value
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain a boolean value
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addBooleanFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, '#^0|1|t|f|true|false|yes|no$#iD', 'Please enter Yes or No');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a callback validation of a field, with a custom error message
	 * 
	 * @param  string   $field     The field to test with the callback
	 * @param  callback $callback  The callback to test the value with - this callback should accept a single string parameter and return a boolean
	 * @param  string   $message   The error message to return if the regular expression does not match the value
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addCallbackRule($field, $callback, $message)
	{
		if (!isset($this->callback_rules[$field])) {
			$this->callback_rules[$field] = array();
		}
		$this->callback_rules[$field][] = array(
			'callback' => $callback,
			'message'  => $message
		);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds fields to be conditionally required if another field has any value, or specific values
	 * 
	 * @param  string|array  $main_fields          The fields(s) to check for a value
	 * @param  mixed         $conditional_values   If `NULL`, any value in the main field(s) will trigger the conditional field(s), otherwise the value must match this scalar value or be present in the array of values
	 * @param  string|array  $conditional_fields   The field(s) that are to be required
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addConditionalRule($main_fields, $conditional_values, $conditional_fields)
	{
		settype($main_fields, 'array');
		settype($conditional_fields, 'array');
		if ($conditional_values !== NULL) {
			settype($conditional_values, 'array');
		}	
		
		$this->conditional_rules[] = array(
			'main_fields'        => $main_fields,
			'conditional_values' => $conditional_values,
			'conditional_fields' => $conditional_fields
		);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds form fields to the list of fields to be blank or a valid date
	 * 
	 * Use ::addRequiredFields() disallow blank values.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain a valid date
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain a valid date
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addDateFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		$this->date_fields = array_merge($this->date_fields, $args);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds form fields to the list of fields to be blank or a valid email address
	 * 
	 * Use ::addRequiredFields() disallow blank values.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain a valid email address
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain a valid email address
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addEmailFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, fEmail::EMAIL_REGEX, 'Please enter an email address in the form name@example.com');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds form fields to be checked for email injection
	 * 
	 * Every field that is included in email headers should be passed to this
	 * method.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field to be checked for email injection
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields to be checked for email injection
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addEmailHeaderFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, '#^[^\r\n]*$#D', 'Line breaks are not allowed');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Add a file upload field to be validated using an fUpload object
	 * 
	 * @param  string  $field     The field to validate
	 * @param  mixed   $index     The index for array file upload fields
	 * @param  fUpload $uploader  The uploader to validate the field with
	 * @param  string  :$field
	 * @param  fUpload :$uploader
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addFileUploadRule($field, $index, $uploader=NULL)
	{
		if ($uploader === NULL && $index instanceof fUpload) {
			$uploader = $index;
			$index    = NULL;
		}
		
		$this->file_upload_rules[] = array(
			'field'    => $field,
			'index'    => $index,
			'uploader' => $uploader
		);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds fields to be checked for float values
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain a float value
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain a float value
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addFloatFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, '#^([+\-]?)(?:\d*\.\d+|\d+\.?)(?:e([+\-]?)(\d+))?$#iD', 'Please enter a number');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds fields to be checked for integer values
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain an integer value
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain an integer value
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addIntegerFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, '#^[+\-]?\d+(?:e[+]?\d+)?$#iD', 'Please enter a whole number');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a rule to make sure at least one field of multiple has a value
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    One of the fields to check for a value
	 * @param  string $field_2  Another field to check for a value
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addOneOrMoreRule($field, $field_2)
	{
		$fields = func_get_args();
		$this->one_or_more_rules[] = $fields;
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a rule to make sure at exactly one field of multiple has a value
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    One of the fields to check for a value
	 * @param  string $field_2  Another field to check for a value
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addOnlyOneRule($field, $field_2)
	{
		$fields = func_get_args();
		$this->only_one_rules[] = $fields;
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a call to [http://php.net/preg_replace `preg_replace()`] for each message
	 * 
	 * Replacement is done right before the messages are reordered and returned.
	 * 
	 * If a message is an empty string after replacement, it will be
	 * removed from the list of messages.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $search   The PCRE regex to search for - see http://php.net/pcre for details
	 * @param  string $replace  The string to replace with - all $ and \ are used in back references and must be escaped with a \ when meant literally
	 * @param  array  :$replacements  An associative array with keys being regular expressions to search for and values being the string to replace with
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addRegexReplacement($search, $replace=NULL)
	{
		if (is_array($search) && $replace === NULL) {
			$this->regex_replacements = array_merge($this->regex_replacements, $search);
		} else {
			$this->regex_replacements[$search] = $replace;
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds regular expression validation of a field, with a custom error message
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    The field to test with the regular expression
	 * @param  string $regex    The PCRE regex to search for - see http://php.net/pcre for details
	 * @param  string $message  The error message to return if the regular expression does not match the value
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addRegexRule($field, $regex, $message)
	{
		if (!isset($this->regex_rules[$field])) {
			$this->regex_rules[$field] = array();
		}
		$this->regex_rules[$field][] = array(
			'regex'   => $regex,
			'message' => $message
		);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds form fields to be required
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field to require a value for
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields to require a value for
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addRequiredFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		$this->required_fields = array_merge($this->required_fields, $args);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a call to [http://php.net/str_replace `str_replace()`] for each message
	 * 
	 * Replacement is done right before the messages are reordered and returned.
	 * 
	 * If a message is an empty string after replacement, it will be
	 * removed from the list of messages.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $search   The string to search for
	 * @param  string $replace  The string to replace with
	 * @param  array  :$replacements  An associative array with keys being strings to search for and values being the string to replace with
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addStringReplacement($search, $replace=NULL)
	{
		$this->string_replacements[$search] = $replace;
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds form fields to the list of fields to be blank or a valid URL
	 * 
	 * Use ::addRequiredFields() disallow blank values.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field    A field that should contain a valid URL
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @param  array  |$fields  Any number of fields that should contain a valid URL
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addURLFields($field)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		$ip_regex       = '(?:(?:[01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(?:[01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])';
		$hostname_regex = '[a-z]+(?:[a-z0-9\-]*[a-z0-9]\.?|\.)*';
		$domain_regex   = '([a-z]+([a-z0-9\-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z]{2,}';
		$regex          = '#^(https?://(' . $ip_regex . '|' . $hostname_regex . ')(?=/|$)|' . $domain_regex . '(?=/|$)|/)#i';
		
		foreach ($args as $arg) {
			$this->addRegexRule($arg, $regex, 'Please enter a URL in the form http://www.example.com/page');
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Adds a rule to make sure a field has one of the specified valid values
	 * 
	 * A strict comparison will be made from the string request value to the
	 * array of valid values.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $field         The field to check the value of
	 * @param  array  $valid_values  The valid values
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function addValidValuesRule($field, $valid_values)
	{
		$this->valid_values_rules[$field] = $this->castToStrings($valid_values);
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Converts an array of values to string, recursively
	 * 
	 * @param array $values  An array of values to cast to strings
	 * @return array  The values, casted to strings, but preserving multi-dimensional arrays
	 */
	private function castToStrings($values)
	{
		$casted_values = array();
		foreach ($values as $value) {
			if (is_object($value)) {
				if (method_exists($value, '__toString')) {
					$casted_values[] = $value->__toString();
				} else {
					$casted_values[] = (string) $value;
				}
				
			} elseif (!is_array($value)) {
				$casted_values[] = (string) $value;
				
			} else {
				$casted_values[] = $this->castToStrings($value);
			}
		}
		return $casted_values;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Runs all callback validation rules
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkCallbackRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->callback_rules as $field => $rules) {
			$value = fRequest::get($field);
			foreach ($rules as $rule) {
				if (self::stringlike($value) && !call_user_func($rule['callback'], $value)) {
					$messages[$field] = self::compose(
						'%s' . $rule['message'],
						fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($field))
					);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks the conditional validation rules
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkConditionalRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->conditional_rules as $rule) {
			$check_for_missing_values = FALSE;
			
			foreach ($rule['main_fields'] as $main_field) {
				$matches_conditional_value = $rule['conditional_values'] !== NULL && in_array(fRequest::get($main_field), $rule['conditional_values']);
				$has_some_value            = $rule['conditional_values'] === NULL && self::hasValue($main_field);
				if ($matches_conditional_value || $has_some_value) {
					$check_for_missing_values = TRUE;
					break;	
				}	
			}
			
			if (!$check_for_missing_values) {
				return;	
			}
			
			foreach ($rule['conditional_fields'] as $conditional_field) {
				if (self::hasValue($conditional_field)) { continue; }
				$messages[$conditional_field] = self::compose(
					'%sPlease enter a value',
					fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($conditional_field))
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Validates the date fields, requiring that any date fields that have a value that can be interpreted as a date
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkDateFields(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->date_fields as $date_field) {
			$value = trim(fRequest::get($date_field));
			if (self::stringlike($value)) {
				try {
					new fTimestamp($value);	
				} catch (fValidationException $e) {
					$messages[$date_field] = self::compose(
						'%sPlease enter a date',
						fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($date_field))
					);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks the file upload validation rules
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkFileUploadRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->file_upload_rules as $rule) {
			$message = $rule['uploader']->validate($rule['field'], $rule['index'], TRUE);
			if ($message) {
				$field = $rule['index'] === NULL ? $rule['field'] : $rule['field'] . '[' . $rule['index'] . ']';
				$messages[$field] = self::compose(
					'%s' . $message,
					fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($field))
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Ensures all of the one-or-more rules is met
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkOneOrMoreRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->one_or_more_rules as $fields) {
			$found = FALSE;
			foreach ($fields as $field) {
				if (self::hasValue($field)) {
					$found = TRUE;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (!$found) {
				$messages[join(',', $fields)] = self::compose(
					'%sPlease enter a value for at least one',
					fValidationException::formatField(join(', ', array_map($this->makeFieldName, $fields)))
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Ensures all of the only-one rules is met
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkOnlyOneRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->only_one_rules as $fields) {
			$found = FALSE;
			foreach ($fields as $field) {
				if (self::hasValue($field)) {
					if ($found) {
						$messages[join(',', $fields)] = self::compose(
							'%sPlease enter a value for only one',
							fValidationException::formatField(join(', ', array_map($this->makeFieldName, $fields)))
						);
						continue 2;
					}
					$found = TRUE;
				}
			}
			if (!$found) {
				$messages[join(',', $fields)] = self::compose(
					'%sPlease enter a value for one',
					fValidationException::formatField(join(', ', array_map($this->makeFieldName, $fields)))
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Runs all regex validation rules
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkRegexRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->regex_rules as $field => $rules) {
			$value = fRequest::get($field);
			foreach ($rules as $rule) {
				if (self::stringlike($value) && !preg_match($rule['regex'], $value)) {
					$messages[$field] = self::compose(
						'%s' . $rule['message'],
						fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($field))
					);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Validates the required fields, adding any missing fields to the messages array
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkRequiredFields(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->required_fields as $required_field) {
			if (!self::hasValue($required_field)) {
				$messages[$required_field] = self::compose(
					'%sPlease enter a value',
					fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($required_field))
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Runs all valid-values rules
	 * 
	 * @param  array &$messages  The messages to display to the user
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function checkValidValuesRules(&$messages)
	{
		foreach ($this->valid_values_rules as $field => $valid_values) {
			$value = fRequest::get($field);
			if (self::stringlike($value) && !in_array($value, $valid_values, TRUE)) {
				$messages[$field] = self::compose(
					'%1$sPlease choose from one of the following: %2$s',
					fValidationException::formatField($this->makeFieldName($field)),
					$this->joinRecursive(', ', $valid_values)
				);
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Joins a multi-dimensional array recursively
	 * 
	 * @param string $glue    The string to join the array elements with
	 * @param array  $values  The array of values to join together
	 * @return string  The joined array
	 */
	private function joinRecursive($glue, $values)
	{
		$joined = array();
		foreach ($values as $value) {
			if (is_array($value)) {
				$joined[] = '(' . $this->joinRecursive($glue, $value) . ')';
			} else {
				$joined[] = $value;
			}
		}
		
		return join($glue, $joined);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Creates the name for a field taking into account custom field names
	 * 
	 * @param string $field  The field to get the name for
	 * @return string  The field name
	 */
	private function makeFieldName($field)
	{
		if (isset($this->field_names[$field])) {
			return $this->field_names[$field];
		}
		
		$suffix = '';
		$bracket_pos = strpos($field, '[');
		if ($bracket_pos !== FALSE) {
			$array_dereference = substr($field, $bracket_pos);
			$field             = substr($field, 0, $bracket_pos);
			
			preg_match_all('#(?<=\[)[^\[\]]+(?=\])#', $array_dereference, $array_keys, PREG_SET_ORDER);
			$array_keys = array_map('current', $array_keys);
			
			foreach ($array_keys as $array_key) {
				if (is_numeric($array_key)) {
					$suffix .= ' #' . ($array_key+1);	
				} else {
					$suffix .= ' ' . fGrammar::humanize($array_key);
				}
			}
		}
		
		return fGrammar::humanize($field) . $suffix;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Reorders an array of messages based on the requested order
	 * 
	 * @param  array  $messages  An array of the messages
	 * @return array  The reordered messages
	 */
	private function reorderMessages($messages)
	{
		if (!$this->message_order) {
			return $messages;
		}
			
		$ordered_items = array_fill(0, sizeof($this->message_order), array());
		$other_items   = array();
		
		foreach ($messages as $key => $message) {
			foreach ($this->message_order as $num => $match_string) {
				if (fUTF8::ipos($message, $match_string) !== FALSE) {
					$ordered_items[$num][$key] = $message;
					continue 2;
				}
			}
			
			$other_items[$key] = $message;
		}
		
		$final_list = array();
		foreach ($ordered_items as $ordered_item) {
			$final_list = array_merge($final_list, $ordered_item);
		}
		return array_merge($final_list, $other_items);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows overriding the default name used for a field in the error message
	 * 
	 * By default, all fields are referred to by the field name run through
	 * fGrammar::humanize(). This may not be correct for acronyms or complex
	 * field names.
	 *
	 * @param  string $field  The field to set the custom name for
	 * @param  string $name   The custom name for the field
	 * @param  array  :$field_names  An associative array of custom field names where the keys are the field and the values are the names
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function overrideFieldName($field, $name=NULL)
	{
		if (is_array($field)) {
			$this->field_names = array_merge($this->field_names, $field);
		} else {
			$this->field_names[$field] = $name;
		}
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Allows setting the order that the individual errors in a message will be displayed
	 *
	 * All string comparisons during the reordering process are done in a
	 * case-insensitive manner.
	 * 
	 * @param  string $match    The string match to order first
	 * @param  string $match_2  The string match to order second
	 * @param  string ...
	 * @return fValidation  The validation object, to allow for method chaining
	 */
	public function setMessageOrder($match, $match_2=NULL)
	{
		$args = func_get_args();
		if (sizeof($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])) {
			$args = $args[0];
		}
		
		uasort($args, array('self', 'sortMessageMatches'));
		$this->message_order = $args;
		
		return $this;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * Checks for required fields, email field formatting and email header injection using values previously set
	 * 
	 * @throws fValidationException  When one of the options set for the object is violated
	 * 
	 * @param  boolean $return_messages     If an array of validation messages should be returned instead of an exception being thrown
	 * @param  boolean $remove_field_names  If field names should be removed from the returned messages, leaving just the message itself
	 * @return void|array  If $return_messages is TRUE, an array of validation messages will be returned
	 */
	public function validate($return_messages=FALSE, $remove_field_names=FALSE)
	{
		if (!$this->callback_rules &&
			  !$this->conditional_rules &&
			  !$this->date_fields &&
			  !$this->file_upload_rules &&
			  !$this->one_or_more_rules &&
			  !$this->only_one_rules &&
			  !$this->regex_rules &&
			  !$this->required_fields &&
			  !$this->valid_values_rules) {
			throw new fProgrammerException(
				'No fields or rules have been added for validation'
			);
		}
		
		$messages = array();
		
		$this->checkRequiredFields($messages);
		$this->checkFileUploadRules($messages);
		$this->checkConditionalRules($messages);
		$this->checkOneOrMoreRules($messages);
		$this->checkOnlyOneRules($messages);
		$this->checkValidValuesRules($messages);
		$this->checkDateFields($messages);
		$this->checkRegexRules($messages);
		$this->checkCallbackRules($messages);
		
		if ($this->regex_replacements) {
			$messages = preg_replace(
				array_keys($this->regex_replacements),
				array_values($this->regex_replacements),
				$messages
			);
		}
		if ($this->string_replacements) {
			$messages = str_replace(
				array_keys($this->string_replacements),
				array_values($this->string_replacements),
				$messages
			);
		}
		
		$messages = $this->reorderMessages($messages);
		
		if ($return_messages) {
			if ($remove_field_names) {
				$messages = fValidationException::removeFieldNames($messages);
			}
			return $messages;
		}
		
		if ($messages) {
			throw new fValidationException(
				'The following problems were found:',
				$messages
			);
		}
	}
}



/**
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Will Bond <will@flourishlib.com>
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */