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Introduction to Virtualization

'I herd U liked computers, so I put a computer in your computer so you can compute while you compute'

Contents:

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2

   intro-virtualbox
   intro-vagrant

Virtualization

  • Virtualization is a word with many meanings.
  • The type covered here is 'to run one computer (Operating System and software) inside another'
  • Gives additional control and options that may not be available on the 'inner' OS

Uses

  • Learning - OSes, configurations, software
  • Testing
  • Security Separation - keeping separate what could run together
  • Multiplexing - running together (on the same physical hardware) what cannot be run together (on the same OS, etc)

Terminology

Template:A file listing the virtual hardware of a VM.
Virtual Machine (VM):The files describing a complete virtual computer. At minimum a file listing the virtual hardware and the booting media.pp
Instance:A created VM. When an instance is created, the virtual hardware is created, including reserving RAM and starting the process that will run the virtual computer's code. 
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Host:Physical computer and booting OS.
Hardware Acceleration:The ability of the host CPU to perform special virtualixation improving actions. Intel VT-x, AMD-V
3D Acceleration:The ability for the host and backend to pass GPU commands between the host and a guest.

Technologies - Backend

The backend, or hypervisor, performs the virtualization. It creates and connects the various virtual hardware assigned to the virtual machine when it is started, runs the machine, and disconnects and destroys the virtual hardware when the machine is stopped.

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Small Scale:
  • Virtualbox
  • VMware Workstation (Windows/Linux) & Fusion (Mac)
  • Parallels
  • QEMU/KVM
  • Xen
.. nextslide::
Large Scale:
  • VMware ESXi
  • QEMU/KVM
  • Xen
  • OpenStack Nova

Technologies - Frontend

The frontend is whatever method the user has of interacting with the virtual machine.

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Small Scale:
  • VirtualBox
  • VMware Workstation/Fusion Client
  • Parallels
  • Vagrant
    • Universal CLI Frontend
  • Libvirt (QEMU/KVM, Xen)
    • virsh CLI
    • VMM (Virtual Machine Manager) GUI
    • Universal CLI & GUI interface
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Large Scale:
  • VMware vSphere Client/Web
  • Ganeti (KVM)
  • Xen Orchestra
  • OpenStack Horizon
    • Universal Web Frontend