E.g., SOST Templates vs. Stochastic Methods -- A Performance Analysis for Side Channel Cryptanalysis" from KU Leuven
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11894063_2
$\sum_{i,j=1}^K (\frac{m_i - m_j}{\sqrt{\frac{\sigma_i^2}{n_i} + \frac{\sigma_j^2}{n_j}})^2$ for $i \geq j$
E.g., SOST Templates vs. Stochastic Methods -- A Performance Analysis for Side Channel Cryptanalysis" from KU Leuven
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11894063_2