tests(bigtable): System/compatibility tests for testing shim compatiblity (#17901)

Migrating over @gkevinzheng PR from bigtable monorepo
googleapis/python-bigtable#1218


Original description:
> Additional system tests for testing shim compatibility with the
classic client interface.
>
>Also fixes a bug where encountering a retriable error after another
retriable error mid-stream raised an exception instead of retrying.
>
> Fixes googleapis/python-bigtable#1156

Note to reviewers: This PR has already been reviewed and merged to a
staging branch, with the intention of doing a single merge to main. We
are now planning to slowly rollout these changes back to the main
branch. Minimal re-review should be necessary

---------

Co-authored-by: Kevin Zheng <147537668+gkevinzheng@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Owl Bot <gcf-owl-bot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

packages/google-cloud-bigtable/google/cloud/bigtable/row_data.py

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def _on_error(self, exc):
             retry_request = self._create_retry_request()
 
         self._row_merger = _RowMerger(self._row_merger.last_seen_row_key)
-        self.response_iterator = self.read_method(retry_request)
+        self.response_iterator = self.read_method(retry_request, retry=self.retry)
 
     def _read_next(self):
         """Helper for :meth:`__iter__`."""