tinywl.h

#include <assert.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <wayland-server-core.h>
#include <wlr/backend.h>
#include <wlr/render/allocator.h>
#include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_compositor.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_data_device.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_input_device.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_keyboard.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_pointer.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_scene.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_seat.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_subcompositor.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.h>
#include <wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h>
#include <wlr/util/log.h>
#include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h>

/* For brevity's sake, struct members are annotated where they are used. */
enum tinywl_cursor_mode {
	TINYWL_CURSOR_PASSTHROUGH,
	TINYWL_CURSOR_MOVE,
	TINYWL_CURSOR_RESIZE,
};

struct tinywl_server {
	struct wl_display *wl_display;
	struct wlr_backend *backend;
	struct wlr_renderer *renderer;
	struct wlr_allocator *allocator;
	struct wlr_scene *scene;
	struct wlr_scene_output_layout *scene_layout;

	struct wlr_xdg_shell *xdg_shell;
	struct wl_listener new_xdg_surface;
	struct wl_list toplevels;

	struct wlr_cursor *cursor;
	struct wlr_xcursor_manager *cursor_mgr;
	struct wl_listener cursor_motion;
	struct wl_listener cursor_motion_absolute;
	struct wl_listener cursor_button;
	struct wl_listener cursor_axis;
	struct wl_listener cursor_frame;

	struct wlr_seat *seat;
	struct wl_listener new_input;
	struct wl_listener request_cursor;
	struct wl_listener request_set_selection;
	struct wl_list keyboards;
	enum tinywl_cursor_mode cursor_mode;
	struct tinywl_toplevel *grabbed_toplevel;
	double grab_x, grab_y;
	struct wlr_box grab_geobox;
	uint32_t resize_edges;

	struct wlr_output_layout *output_layout;
	struct wl_list outputs;
	struct wl_listener new_output;
};

struct tinywl_output {
	struct wl_list link;
	struct tinywl_server *server;
	struct wlr_output *wlr_output;
	struct wl_listener frame;
	struct wl_listener request_state;
	struct wl_listener destroy;
};

struct tinywl_toplevel {
	struct wl_list link;
	struct tinywl_server *server;
	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel;
	struct wlr_scene_tree *scene_tree;
	struct wl_listener map;
	struct wl_listener unmap;
	struct wl_listener destroy;
	struct wl_listener request_move;
	struct wl_listener request_resize;
	struct wl_listener request_maximize;
	struct wl_listener request_fullscreen;
};

struct tinywl_keyboard {
	struct wl_list link;
	struct tinywl_server *server;
	struct wlr_keyboard *wlr_keyboard;

	struct wl_listener modifiers;
	struct wl_listener key;
	struct wl_listener destroy;
};

static void focus_toplevel(struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel, struct wlr_surface *surface) {
	/* Note: this function only deals with keyboard focus. */
	if (toplevel == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	struct tinywl_server *server = toplevel->server;
	struct wlr_seat *seat = server->seat;
	struct wlr_surface *prev_surface = seat->keyboard_state.focused_surface;
	if (prev_surface == surface) {
		/* Don't re-focus an already focused surface. */
		return;
	}
	if (prev_surface) {
		/*
		 * Deactivate the previously focused surface. This lets the client know
		 * it no longer has focus and the client will repaint accordingly, e.g.
		 * stop displaying a caret.
		 */
		struct wlr_xdg_toplevel *prev_toplevel =
			wlr_xdg_toplevel_try_from_wlr_surface(prev_surface);
		if (prev_toplevel != NULL) {
			wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(prev_toplevel, false);
		}
	}
	struct wlr_keyboard *keyboard = wlr_seat_get_keyboard(seat);
	/* Move the toplevel to the front */
	wlr_scene_node_raise_to_top(&toplevel->scene_tree->node);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->link);
	wl_list_insert(&server->toplevels, &toplevel->link);
	/* Activate the new surface */
	wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(toplevel->xdg_toplevel, true);
	/*
	 * Tell the seat to have the keyboard enter this surface. wlroots will keep
	 * track of this and automatically send key events to the appropriate
	 * clients without additional work on your part.
	 */
	if (keyboard != NULL) {
		wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_enter(seat, toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base->surface,
			keyboard->keycodes, keyboard->num_keycodes, &keyboard->modifiers);
	}
}

static void keyboard_handle_modifiers(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when a modifier key, such as shift or alt, is
	 * pressed. We simply communicate this to the client. */
	struct tinywl_keyboard *keyboard =
		wl_container_of(listener, keyboard, modifiers);
	/*
	 * A seat can only have one keyboard, but this is a limitation of the
	 * Wayland protocol - not wlroots. We assign all connected keyboards to the
	 * same seat. You can swap out the underlying wlr_keyboard like this and
	 * wlr_seat handles this transparently.
	 */
	wlr_seat_set_keyboard(keyboard->server->seat, keyboard->wlr_keyboard);
	/* Send modifiers to the client. */
	wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_modifiers(keyboard->server->seat,
		&keyboard->wlr_keyboard->modifiers);
}

static bool handle_keybinding(struct tinywl_server *server, xkb_keysym_t sym) {
	/*
	 * Here we handle compositor keybindings. This is when the compositor is
	 * processing keys, rather than passing them on to the client for its own
	 * processing.
	 *
	 * This function assumes Alt is held down.
	 */
	switch (sym) {
	case XKB_KEY_Escape:
		wl_display_terminate(server->wl_display);
		break;
	case XKB_KEY_F1:
		/* Cycle to the next toplevel */
		if (wl_list_length(&server->toplevels) < 2) {
			break;
		}
		struct tinywl_toplevel *next_toplevel =
			wl_container_of(server->toplevels.prev, next_toplevel, link);
		focus_toplevel(next_toplevel, next_toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base->surface);
		break;
	default:
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static void keyboard_handle_key(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when a key is pressed or released. */
	struct tinywl_keyboard *keyboard =
		wl_container_of(listener, keyboard, key);
	struct tinywl_server *server = keyboard->server;
	struct wlr_keyboard_key_event *event = data;
	struct wlr_seat *seat = server->seat;

	/* Translate libinput keycode -> xkbcommon */
	uint32_t keycode = event->keycode + 8;
	/* Get a list of keysyms based on the keymap for this keyboard */
	const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
	int nsyms = xkb_state_key_get_syms(
			keyboard->wlr_keyboard->xkb_state, keycode, &syms);

	bool handled = false;
	uint32_t modifiers = wlr_keyboard_get_modifiers(keyboard->wlr_keyboard);
	if ((modifiers & WLR_MODIFIER_ALT) &&
			event->state == WL_KEYBOARD_KEY_STATE_PRESSED) {
		/* If alt is held down and this button was _pressed_, we attempt to
		 * process it as a compositor keybinding. */
		for (int i = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
			handled = handle_keybinding(server, syms[i]);
		}
	}

	if (!handled) {
		/* Otherwise, we pass it along to the client. */
		wlr_seat_set_keyboard(seat, keyboard->wlr_keyboard);
		wlr_seat_keyboard_notify_key(seat, event->time_msec,
			event->keycode, event->state);
	}
}

static void keyboard_handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised by the keyboard base wlr_input_device to signal
	 * the destruction of the wlr_keyboard. It will no longer receive events
	 * and should be destroyed.
	 */
	struct tinywl_keyboard *keyboard =
		wl_container_of(listener, keyboard, destroy);
	wl_list_remove(&keyboard->modifiers.link);
	wl_list_remove(&keyboard->key.link);
	wl_list_remove(&keyboard->destroy.link);
	wl_list_remove(&keyboard->link);
	free(keyboard);
}

static void server_new_keyboard(struct tinywl_server *server,
		struct wlr_input_device *device) {
	struct wlr_keyboard *wlr_keyboard = wlr_keyboard_from_input_device(device);

	struct tinywl_keyboard *keyboard = calloc(1, sizeof(*keyboard));
	keyboard->server = server;
	keyboard->wlr_keyboard = wlr_keyboard;

	/* We need to prepare an XKB keymap and assign it to the keyboard. This
	 * assumes the defaults (e.g. layout = "us"). */
	struct xkb_context *context = xkb_context_new(XKB_CONTEXT_NO_FLAGS);
	struct xkb_keymap *keymap = xkb_keymap_new_from_names(context, NULL,
		XKB_KEYMAP_COMPILE_NO_FLAGS);

	wlr_keyboard_set_keymap(wlr_keyboard, keymap);
	xkb_keymap_unref(keymap);
	xkb_context_unref(context);
	wlr_keyboard_set_repeat_info(wlr_keyboard, 25, 600);

	/* Here we set up listeners for keyboard events. */
	keyboard->modifiers.notify = keyboard_handle_modifiers;
	wl_signal_add(&wlr_keyboard->events.modifiers, &keyboard->modifiers);
	keyboard->key.notify = keyboard_handle_key;
	wl_signal_add(&wlr_keyboard->events.key, &keyboard->key);
	keyboard->destroy.notify = keyboard_handle_destroy;
	wl_signal_add(&device->events.destroy, &keyboard->destroy);

	wlr_seat_set_keyboard(server->seat, keyboard->wlr_keyboard);

	/* And add the keyboard to our list of keyboards */
	wl_list_insert(&server->keyboards, &keyboard->link);
}

static void server_new_pointer(struct tinywl_server *server,
		struct wlr_input_device *device) {
	/* We don't do anything special with pointers. All of our pointer handling
	 * is proxied through wlr_cursor. On another compositor, you might take this
	 * opportunity to do libinput configuration on the device to set
	 * acceleration, etc. */
	wlr_cursor_attach_input_device(server->cursor, device);
}

static void server_new_input(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised by the backend when a new input device becomes
	 * available. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, new_input);
	struct wlr_input_device *device = data;
	switch (device->type) {
	case WLR_INPUT_DEVICE_KEYBOARD:
		server_new_keyboard(server, device);
		break;
	case WLR_INPUT_DEVICE_POINTER:
		server_new_pointer(server, device);
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	/* We need to let the wlr_seat know what our capabilities are, which is
	 * communiciated to the client. In TinyWL we always have a cursor, even if
	 * there are no pointer devices, so we always include that capability. */
	uint32_t caps = WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER;
	if (!wl_list_empty(&server->keyboards)) {
		caps |= WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD;
	}
	wlr_seat_set_capabilities(server->seat, caps);
}

static void seat_request_cursor(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	struct tinywl_server *server = wl_container_of(
			listener, server, request_cursor);
	/* This event is raised by the seat when a client provides a cursor image */
	struct wlr_seat_pointer_request_set_cursor_event *event = data;
	struct wlr_seat_client *focused_client =
		server->seat->pointer_state.focused_client;
	/* This can be sent by any client, so we check to make sure this one is
	 * actually has pointer focus first. */
	if (focused_client == event->seat_client) {
		/* Once we've vetted the client, we can tell the cursor to use the
		 * provided surface as the cursor image. It will set the hardware cursor
		 * on the output that it's currently on and continue to do so as the
		 * cursor moves between outputs. */
		wlr_cursor_set_surface(server->cursor, event->surface,
				event->hotspot_x, event->hotspot_y);
	}
}

static void seat_request_set_selection(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised by the seat when a client wants to set the selection,
	 * usually when the user copies something. wlroots allows compositors to
	 * ignore such requests if they so choose, but in tinywl we always honor
	 */
	struct tinywl_server *server = wl_container_of(
			listener, server, request_set_selection);
	struct wlr_seat_request_set_selection_event *event = data;
	wlr_seat_set_selection(server->seat, event->source, event->serial);
}

static struct tinywl_toplevel *desktop_toplevel_at(
		struct tinywl_server *server, double lx, double ly,
		struct wlr_surface **surface, double *sx, double *sy) {
	/* This returns the topmost node in the scene at the given layout coords.
	 * We only care about surface nodes as we are specifically looking for a
	 * surface in the surface tree of a tinywl_toplevel. */
	struct wlr_scene_node *node = wlr_scene_node_at(
		&server->scene->tree.node, lx, ly, sx, sy);
	if (node == NULL || node->type != WLR_SCENE_NODE_BUFFER) {
		return NULL;
	}
	struct wlr_scene_buffer *scene_buffer = wlr_scene_buffer_from_node(node);
	struct wlr_scene_surface *scene_surface =
		wlr_scene_surface_try_from_buffer(scene_buffer);
	if (!scene_surface) {
		return NULL;
	}

	*surface = scene_surface->surface;
	/* Find the node corresponding to the tinywl_toplevel at the root of this
	 * surface tree, it is the only one for which we set the data field. */
	struct wlr_scene_tree *tree = node->parent;
	while (tree != NULL && tree->node.data == NULL) {
		tree = tree->node.parent;
	}
	return tree->node.data;
}

static void reset_cursor_mode(struct tinywl_server *server) {
	/* Reset the cursor mode to passthrough. */
	server->cursor_mode = TINYWL_CURSOR_PASSTHROUGH;
	server->grabbed_toplevel = NULL;
}

static void process_cursor_move(struct tinywl_server *server, uint32_t time) {
	/* Move the grabbed toplevel to the new position. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = server->grabbed_toplevel;
	wlr_scene_node_set_position(&toplevel->scene_tree->node,
		server->cursor->x - server->grab_x,
		server->cursor->y - server->grab_y);
}

static void process_cursor_resize(struct tinywl_server *server, uint32_t time) {
	/*
	 * Resizing the grabbed toplevel can be a little bit complicated, because we
	 * could be resizing from any corner or edge. This not only resizes the
	 * toplevel on one or two axes, but can also move the toplevel if you resize
	 * from the top or left edges (or top-left corner).
	 *
	 * Note that some shortcuts are taken here. In a more fleshed-out
	 * compositor, you'd wait for the client to prepare a buffer at the new
	 * size, then commit any movement that was prepared.
	 */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = server->grabbed_toplevel;
	double border_x = server->cursor->x - server->grab_x;
	double border_y = server->cursor->y - server->grab_y;
	int new_left = server->grab_geobox.x;
	int new_right = server->grab_geobox.x + server->grab_geobox.width;
	int new_top = server->grab_geobox.y;
	int new_bottom = server->grab_geobox.y + server->grab_geobox.height;

	if (server->resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_TOP) {
		new_top = border_y;
		if (new_top >= new_bottom) {
			new_top = new_bottom - 1;
		}
	} else if (server->resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_BOTTOM) {
		new_bottom = border_y;
		if (new_bottom <= new_top) {
			new_bottom = new_top + 1;
		}
	}
	if (server->resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_LEFT) {
		new_left = border_x;
		if (new_left >= new_right) {
			new_left = new_right - 1;
		}
	} else if (server->resize_edges & WLR_EDGE_RIGHT) {
		new_right = border_x;
		if (new_right <= new_left) {
			new_right = new_left + 1;
		}
	}

	struct wlr_box geo_box;
	wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base, &geo_box);
	wlr_scene_node_set_position(&toplevel->scene_tree->node,
		new_left - geo_box.x, new_top - geo_box.y);

	int new_width = new_right - new_left;
	int new_height = new_bottom - new_top;
	wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_size(toplevel->xdg_toplevel, new_width, new_height);
}

static void process_cursor_motion(struct tinywl_server *server, uint32_t time) {
	/* If the mode is non-passthrough, delegate to those functions. */
	if (server->cursor_mode == TINYWL_CURSOR_MOVE) {
		process_cursor_move(server, time);
		return;
	} else if (server->cursor_mode == TINYWL_CURSOR_RESIZE) {
		process_cursor_resize(server, time);
		return;
	}

	/* Otherwise, find the toplevel under the pointer and send the event along. */
	double sx, sy;
	struct wlr_seat *seat = server->seat;
	struct wlr_surface *surface = NULL;
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = desktop_toplevel_at(server,
			server->cursor->x, server->cursor->y, &surface, &sx, &sy);
	if (!toplevel) {
		/* If there's no toplevel under the cursor, set the cursor image to a
		 * default. This is what makes the cursor image appear when you move it
		 * around the screen, not over any toplevels. */
		wlr_cursor_set_xcursor(server->cursor, server->cursor_mgr, "default");
	}
	if (surface) {
		/*
		 * Send pointer enter and motion events.
		 *
		 * The enter event gives the surface "pointer focus", which is distinct
		 * from keyboard focus. You get pointer focus by moving the pointer over
		 * a window.
		 *
		 * Note that wlroots will avoid sending duplicate enter/motion events if
		 * the surface has already has pointer focus or if the client is already
		 * aware of the coordinates passed.
		 */
		wlr_seat_pointer_notify_enter(seat, surface, sx, sy);
		wlr_seat_pointer_notify_motion(seat, time, sx, sy);
	} else {
		/* Clear pointer focus so future button events and such are not sent to
		 * the last client to have the cursor over it. */
		wlr_seat_pointer_clear_focus(seat);
	}
}

static void server_cursor_motion(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits a _relative_
	 * pointer motion event (i.e. a delta) */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, cursor_motion);
	struct wlr_pointer_motion_event *event = data;
	/* The cursor doesn't move unless we tell it to. The cursor automatically
	 * handles constraining the motion to the output layout, as well as any
	 * special configuration applied for the specific input device which
	 * generated the event. You can pass NULL for the device if you want to move
	 * the cursor around without any input. */
	wlr_cursor_move(server->cursor, &event->pointer->base,
			event->delta_x, event->delta_y);
	process_cursor_motion(server, event->time_msec);
}

static void server_cursor_motion_absolute(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an _absolute_
	 * motion event, from 0..1 on each axis. This happens, for example, when
	 * wlroots is running under a Wayland window rather than KMS+DRM, and you
	 * move the mouse over the window. You could enter the window from any edge,
	 * so we have to warp the mouse there. There is also some hardware which
	 * emits these events. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, cursor_motion_absolute);
	struct wlr_pointer_motion_absolute_event *event = data;
	wlr_cursor_warp_absolute(server->cursor, &event->pointer->base, event->x,
		event->y);
	process_cursor_motion(server, event->time_msec);
}

static void server_cursor_button(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits a button
	 * event. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, cursor_button);
	struct wlr_pointer_button_event *event = data;
	/* Notify the client with pointer focus that a button press has occurred */
	wlr_seat_pointer_notify_button(server->seat,
			event->time_msec, event->button, event->state);
	double sx, sy;
	struct wlr_surface *surface = NULL;
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = desktop_toplevel_at(server,
			server->cursor->x, server->cursor->y, &surface, &sx, &sy);
	if (event->state == WLR_BUTTON_RELEASED) {
		/* If you released any buttons, we exit interactive move/resize mode. */
		reset_cursor_mode(server);
	} else {
		/* Focus that client if the button was _pressed_ */
		focus_toplevel(toplevel, surface);
	}
}

static void server_cursor_axis(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an axis event,
	 * for example when you move the scroll wheel. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, cursor_axis);
	struct wlr_pointer_axis_event *event = data;
	/* Notify the client with pointer focus of the axis event. */
	wlr_seat_pointer_notify_axis(server->seat,
			event->time_msec, event->orientation, event->delta,
			event->delta_discrete, event->source);
}

static void server_cursor_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is forwarded by the cursor when a pointer emits an frame
	 * event. Frame events are sent after regular pointer events to group
	 * multiple events together. For instance, two axis events may happen at the
	 * same time, in which case a frame event won't be sent in between. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, cursor_frame);
	/* Notify the client with pointer focus of the frame event. */
	wlr_seat_pointer_notify_frame(server->seat);
}

static void output_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This function is called every time an output is ready to display a frame,
	 * generally at the output's refresh rate (e.g. 60Hz). */
	struct tinywl_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, frame);
	struct wlr_scene *scene = output->server->scene;

	struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output = wlr_scene_get_scene_output(
		scene, output->wlr_output);

	/* Render the scene if needed and commit the output */
	wlr_scene_output_commit(scene_output, NULL);

	struct timespec now;
	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
	wlr_scene_output_send_frame_done(scene_output, &now);
}

static void output_request_state(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This function is called when the backend requests a new state for
	 * the output. For example, Wayland and X11 backends request a new mode
	 * when the output window is resized. */
	struct tinywl_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, request_state);
	const struct wlr_output_event_request_state *event = data;
	wlr_output_commit_state(output->wlr_output, event->state);
}

static void output_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	struct tinywl_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, destroy);

	wl_list_remove(&output->frame.link);
	wl_list_remove(&output->request_state.link);
	wl_list_remove(&output->destroy.link);
	wl_list_remove(&output->link);
	free(output);
}

static void server_new_output(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised by the backend when a new output (aka a display or
	 * monitor) becomes available. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, new_output);
	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data;

	/* Configures the output created by the backend to use our allocator
	 * and our renderer. Must be done once, before commiting the output */
	wlr_output_init_render(wlr_output, server->allocator, server->renderer);

	/* The output may be disabled, switch it on. */
	struct wlr_output_state state;
	wlr_output_state_init(&state);
	wlr_output_state_set_enabled(&state, true);

	/* Some backends don't have modes. DRM+KMS does, and we need to set a mode
	 * before we can use the output. The mode is a tuple of (width, height,
	 * refresh rate), and each monitor supports only a specific set of modes. We
	 * just pick the monitor's preferred mode, a more sophisticated compositor
	 * would let the user configure it. */
	struct wlr_output_mode *mode = wlr_output_preferred_mode(wlr_output);
	if (mode != NULL) {
		wlr_output_state_set_mode(&state, mode);
	}

	/* Atomically applies the new output state. */
	wlr_output_commit_state(wlr_output, &state);
	wlr_output_state_finish(&state);

	/* Allocates and configures our state for this output */
	struct tinywl_output *output = calloc(1, sizeof(*output));
	output->wlr_output = wlr_output;
	output->server = server;

	/* Sets up a listener for the frame event. */
	output->frame.notify = output_frame;
	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.frame, &output->frame);

	/* Sets up a listener for the state request event. */
	output->request_state.notify = output_request_state;
	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.request_state, &output->request_state);

	/* Sets up a listener for the destroy event. */
	output->destroy.notify = output_destroy;
	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.destroy, &output->destroy);

	wl_list_insert(&server->outputs, &output->link);

	/* Adds this to the output layout. The add_auto function arranges outputs
	 * from left-to-right in the order they appear. A more sophisticated
	 * compositor would let the user configure the arrangement of outputs in the
	 * layout.
	 *
	 * The output layout utility automatically adds a wl_output global to the
	 * display, which Wayland clients can see to find out information about the
	 * output (such as DPI, scale factor, manufacturer, etc).
	 */
	struct wlr_output_layout_output *l_output = wlr_output_layout_add_auto(server->output_layout,
		wlr_output);
	struct wlr_scene_output *scene_output = wlr_scene_output_create(server->scene, wlr_output);
	wlr_scene_output_layout_add_output(server->scene_layout, l_output, scene_output);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* Called when the surface is mapped, or ready to display on-screen. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, map);

	wl_list_insert(&toplevel->server->toplevels, &toplevel->link);

	focus_toplevel(toplevel, toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base->surface);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* Called when the surface is unmapped, and should no longer be shown. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, unmap);

	/* Reset the cursor mode if the grabbed toplevel was unmapped. */
	if (toplevel == toplevel->server->grabbed_toplevel) {
		reset_cursor_mode(toplevel->server);
	}

	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->link);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* Called when the xdg_toplevel is destroyed. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, destroy);

	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->map.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->unmap.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->destroy.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->request_move.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->request_resize.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->request_maximize.link);
	wl_list_remove(&toplevel->request_fullscreen.link);

	free(toplevel);
}

static void begin_interactive(struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel,
		enum tinywl_cursor_mode mode, uint32_t edges) {
	/* This function sets up an interactive move or resize operation, where the
	 * compositor stops propegating pointer events to clients and instead
	 * consumes them itself, to move or resize windows. */
	struct tinywl_server *server = toplevel->server;
	struct wlr_surface *focused_surface =
		server->seat->pointer_state.focused_surface;
	if (toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base->surface !=
			wlr_surface_get_root_surface(focused_surface)) {
		/* Deny move/resize requests from unfocused clients. */
		return;
	}
	server->grabbed_toplevel = toplevel;
	server->cursor_mode = mode;

	if (mode == TINYWL_CURSOR_MOVE) {
		server->grab_x = server->cursor->x - toplevel->scene_tree->node.x;
		server->grab_y = server->cursor->y - toplevel->scene_tree->node.y;
	} else {
		struct wlr_box geo_box;
		wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base, &geo_box);

		double border_x = (toplevel->scene_tree->node.x + geo_box.x) +
			((edges & WLR_EDGE_RIGHT) ? geo_box.width : 0);
		double border_y = (toplevel->scene_tree->node.y + geo_box.y) +
			((edges & WLR_EDGE_BOTTOM) ? geo_box.height : 0);
		server->grab_x = server->cursor->x - border_x;
		server->grab_y = server->cursor->y - border_y;

		server->grab_geobox = geo_box;
		server->grab_geobox.x += toplevel->scene_tree->node.x;
		server->grab_geobox.y += toplevel->scene_tree->node.y;

		server->resize_edges = edges;
	}
}

static void xdg_toplevel_request_move(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when a client would like to begin an interactive
	 * move, typically because the user clicked on their client-side
	 * decorations. Note that a more sophisticated compositor should check the
	 * provided serial against a list of button press serials sent to this
	 * client, to prevent the client from requesting this whenever they want. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, request_move);
	begin_interactive(toplevel, TINYWL_CURSOR_MOVE, 0);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_request_resize(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when a client would like to begin an interactive
	 * resize, typically because the user clicked on their client-side
	 * decorations. Note that a more sophisticated compositor should check the
	 * provided serial against a list of button press serials sent to this
	 * client, to prevent the client from requesting this whenever they want. */
	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_resize_event *event = data;
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, request_resize);
	begin_interactive(toplevel, TINYWL_CURSOR_RESIZE, event->edges);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_request_maximize(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when a client would like to maximize itself,
	 * typically because the user clicked on the maximize button on
	 * client-side decorations. tinywl doesn't support maximization, but
	 * to conform to xdg-shell protocol we still must send a configure.
	 * wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure() is used to send an empty reply. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel =
		wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, request_maximize);
	wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base);
}

static void xdg_toplevel_request_fullscreen(
		struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* Just as with request_maximize, we must send a configure here. */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel =
		wl_container_of(listener, toplevel, request_fullscreen);
	wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base);
}

static void server_new_xdg_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
	/* This event is raised when wlr_xdg_shell receives a new xdg surface from a
	 * client, either a toplevel (application window) or popup. */
	struct tinywl_server *server =
		wl_container_of(listener, server, new_xdg_surface);
	struct wlr_xdg_surface *xdg_surface = data;

	/* We must add xdg popups to the scene graph so they get rendered. The
	 * wlroots scene graph provides a helper for this, but to use it we must
	 * provide the proper parent scene node of the xdg popup. To enable this,
	 * we always set the user data field of xdg_surfaces to the corresponding
	 * scene node. */
	if (xdg_surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP) {
		struct wlr_xdg_surface *parent =
			wlr_xdg_surface_try_from_wlr_surface(xdg_surface->popup->parent);
		assert(parent != NULL);
		struct wlr_scene_tree *parent_tree = parent->data;
		xdg_surface->data = wlr_scene_xdg_surface_create(
			parent_tree, xdg_surface);
		return;
	}
	assert(xdg_surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);

	/* Allocate a tinywl_toplevel for this surface */
	struct tinywl_toplevel *toplevel = calloc(1, sizeof(*toplevel));
	toplevel->server = server;
	toplevel->xdg_toplevel = xdg_surface->toplevel;
	toplevel->scene_tree = wlr_scene_xdg_surface_create(
			&toplevel->server->scene->tree, toplevel->xdg_toplevel->base);
	toplevel->scene_tree->node.data = toplevel;
	xdg_surface->data = toplevel->scene_tree;

	/* Listen to the various events it can emit */
	toplevel->map.notify = xdg_toplevel_map;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->surface->events.map, &toplevel->map);
	toplevel->unmap.notify = xdg_toplevel_unmap;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->surface->events.unmap, &toplevel->unmap);
	toplevel->destroy.notify = xdg_toplevel_destroy;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_surface->events.destroy, &toplevel->destroy);

	/* cotd */
	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel = xdg_surface->toplevel;
	toplevel->request_move.notify = xdg_toplevel_request_move;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_toplevel->events.request_move, &toplevel->request_move);
	toplevel->request_resize.notify = xdg_toplevel_request_resize;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_toplevel->events.request_resize, &toplevel->request_resize);
	toplevel->request_maximize.notify = xdg_toplevel_request_maximize;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_toplevel->events.request_maximize,
		&toplevel->request_maximize);
	toplevel->request_fullscreen.notify = xdg_toplevel_request_fullscreen;
	wl_signal_add(&xdg_toplevel->events.request_fullscreen,
		&toplevel->request_fullscreen);
}