diff --git a/draft-ietf-httpbis-no-vary-search.md b/draft-ietf-httpbis-no-vary-search.md
index e7bfd84ba..0df26ca8b 100644
--- a/draft-ietf-httpbis-no-vary-search.md
+++ b/draft-ietf-httpbis-no-vary-search.md
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ No-Vary-Search: params=("utm_source" "utm_medium" "utm_campaign")
 And if the resource instead wants to take an allowlist-based approach, where only certain known query parameters semantically affect the served resource, they can use
 
 ~~~~http-message
-No-Vary-Search: params, except=("productId")
+No-Vary-Search: except=("productId")
 ~~~~
 
 {{header-definition}} defines the header field, using the {{STRUCTURED-FIELDS}} framework. {{data-model}} and {{parsing}} illustrate the data model for how the field value can be represented in specifications, and the process for parsing the raw output from the structured field parser into that data model. {{comparing}} gives the key algorithm for comparing if two URLs are equivalent under the influence of the header field; notably, it leans on the decomposition of the query component into keys and values given by the [application/x-www-form-urlencoded](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-urlencoded) format specified in {{WHATWG-URL}}. (As such, this header field is not useful for URLs whose query component does not follow that format.) Finally, {{caching}} explains how to modify {{HTTP-CACHING}} to take into account this new equivalence.
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ The `No-Vary-Search` HTTP header field is a structured field {{STRUCTURED-FIELDS
 It has the following authoring conformance requirements:
 
 * If present, the `key-order` entry's value MUST be a boolean ({{Section 3.3.6 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}).
-* If present, the `params` entry's value MUST be either a boolean ({{Section 3.3.6 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}) or an inner list ({{Section 3.1.1 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}).
-* If present, the `except` entry's value MUST be an inner list ({{Section 3.1.1 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}).
-* The `except` entry MUST only be present if the `params` entry is also present, and the `params` entry's value is the boolean value true.
+* If present, the `params` entry's value MUST be an inner list of strings ({{Section 3.1.1 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}).
+* If present, the `except` entry's value MUST be an inner list of strings ({{Section 3.1.1 of STRUCTURED-FIELDS}}).
+* The `except` entry MUST NOT be present if the `params` entry is also present.
 
 The dictionary MAY contain entries whose keys are not one of `key-order`, `params`, and `except`, but their meaning is not defined by this specification. Implementations of this specification will ignore such entries (but future documents might assign meaning to such entries).
 
@@ -199,24 +199,19 @@ To _parse a URL search variance_ given _value_:
 1. If _value_\["`key-order`"] exists:
     1. If _value_\["`key-order`"] is not a boolean, then return the default URL search variance.
     1. Set _result_'s vary on key order to the boolean negation of _value_\["`key-order`"].
+1. If both _value_\["`params`"] and _value_\["`except`"] exist or neither exists, then return the default URL search variance.
 1. If _value_\["`params`"] exists:
-    1. If _value_\["`params`"] is a boolean:
-        1. If _value_\["`params`"] is true, then:
-            1. Set _result_'s no-vary params to __wildcard__.
-            1. Set _result_'s vary params to the empty list.
-        1. Otherwise:
-            1. Set _result_'s no-vary params to the empty list.
-            1. Set _result_'s vary params to __wildcard__.
-    1. Otherwise, if _value_\["`params`"] is an array:
-        1. If any item in _value_\["`params`"] is not a string, then return the default URL search variance.
-        1. Set _result_'s no-vary params to the result of applying parse a key ({{parse-a-key}}) to each item in _value_\["`params`"].
-        1. Set _result_'s vary params to __wildcard__.
-    1. Otherwise, return the default URL search variance.
-1. If _value_\["`except`"] exists:
-    1. If _value_\["`params`"] is not true, then return the default URL search variance.
+    1. If _value_\["`params`"] is not an array, then return the default URL search variance.
+    1. If any item in _value_\["`params`"] is not a string, then return the default URL search variance.
+    1. Set _result_'s no-vary params to the result of applying parse a key ({{parse-a-key}}) to each item in _value_\["`params`"].
+    1. If any item in _result_'s no-vary params is an error, then return the default URL search variance.
+    1. Set _result_'s vary params to __wildcard__.
+1. Otherwise, if _value_\["`except`"] exists:
     1. If _value_\["`except`"] is not an array, then return the default URL search variance.
     1. If any item in _value_\["`except`"] is not a string, then return the default URL search variance.
     1. Set _result_'s vary params to the result of applying parse a key ({{parse-a-key}}) to each item in _value_\["`except`"].
+    1. If any item in _result_'s vary params is an error, then return the default URL search variance.
+    1. Set _result_'s no-vary params to __wildcard__.
 1. Return _result_.
 
 {:aside}
@@ -243,34 +238,32 @@ The following illustrates how various inputs are parsed, in terms of their impac
 
 | Input                                  | Result                                                    |
 |----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------|
-| `No-Vary-Search: params`               | no-vary params: __wildcard__<br>vary params: (empty list) |
 | `No-Vary-Search: params=("a")`         | no-vary params: « "`a`" »<br>vary params: __wildcard__    |
-| `No-Vary-Search: params, except=("x")` | no-vary params: __wildcard__<br>vary params: « "`x`" »    |
+| `No-Vary-Search: except=("x")`         | no-vary params: __wildcard__<br>vary params: « "`x`" »    |
+| `No-Vary-Search: params=()`            | no-vary params: (empty list)<br>vary params: __wildcard__ |
+| `No-Vary-Search: except=()`            | no-vary params: __wildcard__<br>vary params: (empty list) |
 
 The following inputs are all invalid and will cause the default URL search variance to be returned:
 
 {:compact}
   * `No-Vary-Search: unknown-key`
   * `No-Vary-Search: key-order="not a boolean"`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: params="not a boolean or inner list"`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: params="not an inner list"`
   * `No-Vary-Search: params=(not-a-string)`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: params=?1`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: params=?1, except=("x")`
   * `No-Vary-Search: params=("a"), except=("x")`
   * `No-Vary-Search: params=(), except=()`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: params=?0, except=("x")`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: params, except=(not-a-string)`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: params, except="not an inner list"`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: params, except=?1`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: except=("x")`
-  * `No-Vary-Search: except=()`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: except="not an inner list"`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: except=(not-a-string)`
+  * `No-Vary-Search: except=?1`
 
   The following inputs are valid, but somewhat unconventional. They are shown alongside their more conventional form.
 
 | Input                                             | Conventional form                                 |
 |---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------|
-| `No-Vary-Search: params=?1`                       | `No-Vary-Search: params`                          |
 | `No-Vary-Search: key-order=?1`                    | `No-Vary-Search: key-order`                       |
-| `No-Vary-Search: params, key-order, except=("x")` | `No-Vary-Search: key-order, params, except=("x")` |
-| `No-Vary-Search: params=?0`                       | (omit the header field)                           |
+| `No-Vary-Search: except=("x")`, key-order         | `No-Vary-Search: key-order, except=("x")`         |
 | `No-Vary-Search: params=()`                       | (omit the header field)                           |
 | `No-Vary-Search: key-order=?0`                    | (omit the header field)                           |