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book.bib
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@article{osgood1996routine,
title={Routine activities and individual deviant behavior},
author={Osgood, D Wayne and Wilson, Janet K and O'malley, Patrick M and Bachman, Jerald G and Johnston, Lloyd D},
journal={American sociological review},
pages={635--655},
year={1996},
publisher={JSTOR}
}
@article{wikstrom2010activity,
title={Activity fields and the dynamics of crime},
author={Wikstr{\"o}m, Per-Olof H and Ceccato, Vania and Hardie, Beth and Treiber, Kyle},
journal={Journal of quantitative criminology},
volume={26},
number={1},
pages={55--87},
year={2010},
publisher={Springer}
}
@article{bernasco2013situational,
title={Situational causes of offending: A fixed-effects analysis of space--time budget data},
author={Bernasco, Wim and Ruiter, Stijn and Bruinsma, Gerben JN and Pauwels, Lieven JR and Weerman, Frank M},
journal={Criminology},
volume={51},
number={4},
pages={895--926},
year={2013},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{freedman2016your,
title={Your friends and neighbors: Localized economic development and criminal activity},
author={Freedman, Matthew and Owens, Emily G},
journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
volume={98},
number={2},
pages={233--253},
year={2016},
publisher={MIT Press}
}
@book{sampson1995crime,
title={Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life},
author={Sampson, Robert J and Laub, John H},
year={1995},
publisher={Harvard University Press}
}
@article{kaplan2020public,
title={Public beliefs about the accuracy and importance of forensic evidence in the United States},
author={Kaplan, Jacob and Ling, Shichun and Cuellar, Maria},
journal={Science \& Justice},
year={2020},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{kees2017analysis,
title={An analysis of data quality: Professional panels, student subject pools, and Amazon's Mechanical Turk},
author={Kees, Jeremy and Berry, Christopher and Burton, Scot and Sheehan, Kim},
journal={Journal of Advertising},
volume={46},
number={1},
pages={141--155},
year={2017},
publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@misc{bohannon2016mechanical,
title={Mechanical Turk upends social sciences},
author={Bohannon, John},
year={2016},
publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}
@article{farrington2002improved,
title={Improved street lighting and crime prevention},
author={Farrington, David P and Welsh, Brandon C},
journal={Justice Quarterly},
volume={19},
number={2},
pages={313--342},
year={2002},
publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{goodman2013data,
title={Data collection in a flat world: The strengths and weaknesses of Mechanical Turk samples},
author={Goodman, Joseph K and Cryder, Cynthia E and Cheema, Amar},
journal={Journal of Behavioral Decision Making},
volume={26},
number={3},
pages={213--224},
year={2013},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{herzog2003does,
title={Does the ethnicity of offenders in crime scenarios affect public perceptions of crime seriousness? A randomized survey experiment in Israel},
author={Herzog, Sergio},
journal={Social Forces},
volume={82},
number={2},
pages={757--781},
year={2003},
publisher={The University of North Carolina Press}
}
@article{ozkan2019criminology,
title={Criminology in the age of data explosion: New directions},
author={Ozkan, Turgut},
journal={The Social Science Journal},
volume={56},
number={2},
pages={208--219},
year={2019},
publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{berryessa2016public,
title={Public attitudes toward legally coerced biological treatments of criminals},
author={Berryessa, Colleen M and Chandler, Jennifer A and Reiner, Peter},
journal={Journal of Law and the Biosciences},
volume={3},
number={3},
pages={447--467},
year={2016},
publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{ribeiro2019beliefs,
title={Beliefs about error rates and human judgment in forensic science},
author={Ribeiro, Gianni and Tangen, Jason M and McKimmie, Blake M},
journal={Forensic science international},
volume={297},
pages={138--147},
year={2019},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{choy2018stimulation,
title={Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex reduces intentions to commit aggression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial},
author={Choy, Olivia and Raine, Adrian and Hamilton, Roy H},
journal={Journal of neuroscience},
volume={38},
number={29},
pages={6505--6512},
year={2018},
publisher={Soc Neuroscience}
}
@article{ling2020,
title={The effect of prefrontal cortical stimulation on aggressive and antisocial behavior: A double-blind, stratified, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial},
author={Ling, Shichun and Raine, Adrian and Choy, Olivia and Hamilton, Roy H},
journal={Journal of Experimental Criminology},
year={In press},
}
@article{chalfin2020street,
title={Street Light Outages, Public Safety and Crime Displacement: Evidence from Chicago},
author={Chalfin, Aaron and Kaplan, Jacob and LaForest, Michael},
journal={Public Safety and Crime Displacement: Evidence from Chicago (January 27, 2020)},
year={2020}
}
@book{angrist2008mostly,
title={Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An empiricist's companion},
author={Angrist, Joshua D and Pischke, J{\"o}rn-Steffen},
year={2008},
publisher={Princeton University Press}
}
@book{hirschi2002causes,
title={Causes of delinquency},
author={Hirschi, Travis},
year={2002},
publisher={Transaction publishers}
}
@article{costello1997social,
title={Social Control Theory: The Legacy of {T}ravis {H}irschi's {C}auses of {D}elinquency},
author={Costello, Barbara J and Laub, John H},
journal={Annual Review of Criminology},
volume={3},
year={1997},
publisher={Annual Reviews}
}
@article{kreager2018inmate,
title={Inmate society in the era of mass incarceration},
author={Kreager, Derek A and Kruttschnitt, Candace},
journal={Annual review of criminology},
volume={1},
pages={261--283},
year={2018},
publisher={Annual Reviews}
}
@article{gibbs1968crime,
title={Crime, punishment, and deterrence},
author={Gibbs, Jack P},
journal={The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly},
pages={515--530},
year={1968},
publisher={JSTOR}
}
@article{logan1975arrest,
title={Arrest rates and deterrence},
author={Logan, Charles H},
journal={Social Science Quarterly},
pages={376--389},
year={1975},
publisher={JSTOR}
}
@article{erickson1977deterrence,
title={The deterrence doctrine and the perceived certainty of legal punishments},
author={Erickson, Maynard L and Gibbs, Jack P and Jensen, Gary F},
journal={American Sociological Review},
pages={305--317},
year={1977},
publisher={JSTOR}
}
@article{nagin2013deterrence,
title={Deterrence: A review of the evidence by a criminologist for economists},
author={Nagin, Daniel S},
journal={Annu. Rev. Econ.},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={83--105},
year={2013},
publisher={Annual Reviews}
}
@article{foucoult1975discipline,
title={Discipline and punish},
author={Foucoult, Michel},
journal={A. Sheridan, Tr., Paris, FR, Gallimard},
year={1975}
}
@article{owens20131,
title={{COPS} and Cuffs},
author={Owens, Emily Greene},
journal={Lessons from the Economics of Crime: What Reduces Offending?},
pages={17},
year={2013},
publisher={MIT Press}
}
@article{evans2007cops,
title={{COPS} and Crime},
author={Evans, William N and Owens, Emily G},
journal={Journal of Public Economics},
volume={91},
number={1-2},
pages={181--201},
year={2007},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
@article{kaplan2019more,
title={More cops, fewer prisoners?},
author={Kaplan, Jacob and Chalfin, Aaron},
journal={Criminology \& Public Policy},
volume={18},
number={1},
pages={171--200},
year={2019},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{loughran2012hyperbolic,
title={Hyperbolic time discounting, offender time preferences and deterrence},
author={Loughran, Thomas A and Paternoster, Ray and Weiss, Douglas},
journal={Journal of Quantitative Criminology},
volume={28},
number={4},
pages={607--628},
year={2012},
publisher={Springer}
}
@incollection{becker1968crime,
title={Crime and punishment: An economic approach},
author={Becker, Gary S},
booktitle={The economic dimensions of crime},
pages={13--68},
year={1968},
publisher={Springer}
}
@article{levitt1996effect,
title={The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation},
author={Levitt, Steven D},
journal={The quarterly journal of economics},
volume={111},
number={2},
pages={319--351},
year={1996},
publisher={MIT Press}
}
@article{owens2009more,
title={More time, less crime? {E}stimating the incapacitative effect of sentence enhancements},
author={Owens, Emily G},
journal={The Journal of Law and Economics},
volume={52},
number={3},
pages={551--579},
year={2009},
publisher={The University of Chicago Press}
}
@article{bushway2013framing,
title={Framing punishment: Incarceration, recommended sentences, and recidivism},
author={Bushway, Shawn D and Owens, Emily G},
journal={The Journal of Law and Economics},
volume={56},
number={2},
pages={301--331},
year={2013},
publisher={University of Chicago Press Chicago, IL}
}
@incollection{akers2017empirical,
title={The empirical status of social learning theory of crime and deviance: The past, present, and future},
author={Akers, Ronald L and Jensen, Gary F},
booktitle={Taking stock},
pages={37--76},
year={2017},
publisher={Routledge}
}
@article{mcgloin2019peer,
title={Peer influence and delinquency},
author={McGloin, Jean Marie and Thomas, Kyle J},
journal={Annual Review of Criminology},
volume={2},
pages={241--264},
year={2019},
publisher={Annual Reviews}
}
@article{warr1991influence,
title={The influence of delinquent peers: What they think or what they do?},
author={Warr, Mark and Stafford, Mark},
journal={Criminology},
volume={29},
number={4},
pages={851--866},
year={1991},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{bayer2009building,
title={Building criminal capital behind bars: Peer effects in juvenile corrections},
author={Bayer, Patrick and Hjalmarsson, Randi and Pozen, David},
journal={The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
volume={124},
number={1},
pages={105--147},
year={2009},
publisher={MIT Press}
}
@article{osgood1996routine,
title={Routine activities and individual deviant behavior},
author={Osgood, D Wayne and Wilson, Janet K and O'malley, Patrick M and Bachman, Jerald G and Johnston, Lloyd D},
journal={American sociological review},
pages={635--655},
year={1996},
publisher={JSTOR}
}
@article{freedman2016your,
title={Your friends and neighbors: Localized economic development and criminal activity},
author={Freedman, Matthew and Owens, Emily G},
journal={Review of Economics and Statistics},
volume={98},
number={2},
pages={233--253},
year={2016},
publisher={MIT Press}
}
@article{papachristos2015company,
title={The company you keep? {T}he spillover effects of gang membership on individual gunshot victimization in a co-offending network},
author={Papachristos, Andrew V and Braga, Anthony A and Piza, Eric and Grossman, Leigh S},
journal={Criminology},
volume={53},
number={4},
pages={624--649},
year={2015},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{lemert1981diversion,
title={Diversion in juvenile justice: What hath been wrought},
author={Lemert, Edwin M},
journal={Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency},
volume={18},
number={1},
pages={34--46},
year={1981},
publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}
@article{paternoster1989labeling,
title={The labeling perspective and delinquency: An elaboration of the theory and an assessment of the evidence},
author={Paternoster, Raymond and Iovanni, Leeann},
journal={Justice Quarterly},
volume={6},
number={3},
pages={359--394},
year={1989},
publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{liberman2014labeling,
title={Labeling effects of first juvenile arrests: Secondary deviance and secondary sanctioning},
author={Liberman, Akiva M and Kirk, David S and Kim, Kideuk},
journal={Criminology},
volume={52},
number={3},
pages={345--370},
year={2014},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{lovenheim2014does,
title={Does federal financial aid affect college enrollment? {E}vidence from drug offenders and the {H}igher {E}ducation {A}ct of 1998},
author={Lovenheim, Michael F and Owens, Emily G},
journal={Journal of Urban Economics},
volume={81},
pages={1--13},
year={2014},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
@incollection{laub2017assessing,
title={Assessing {S}ampson and {L}aub's life-course theory of crime},
author={Laub, John H and Sampson, Robert J and Sweeten, Gary A},
booktitle={Taking stock},
pages={313--333},
year={2017},
publisher={Routledge}
}
@article{cozens2019geographical,
title={Geographical Juxtaposition: A New Direction in {CPTED}},
author={Cozens, Paul and Love, Terence and Davern, Brent},
journal={Social Sciences},
volume={8},
number={9},
pages={252},
year={2019},
publisher={Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}
}
@misc{jaramillo2020,
title={Philly just took a step toward getting {LED} streetlights citywide},
journal={WHYY},
author={Jaramillo, Catalina},
year={2020},
url = {https://whyy.org/articles/philly-just-took-a-step-toward-getting-led-streetlights-citywide/}
}
@misc{trickey2017,
title={The {D}etroit Success Story Visible From Space},
journal={Politico},
author={Trickey, Erick},
year={2017},
url = {https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/05/18/detroit-led-streetlights-infrastructure-project-215159}
}
@misc{wisniewski2019,
title={{C}hicago's night sky is about to become an orange memory, as the city nears end of {LED} streetlight replacement. But are the new lights better?},
journal={Chicago Tribune},
author={Wisniewski, Mary},
year={2019},
url = {https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/transportation/ct-biz-chicago-light-replacement-leds-20191231-wvzghgxvrrhv5fktzod6cnytn4-story.html}
}
@misc{bliss2019,
title={The Future of the Streetlight Might Be in the Past},
journal={Politico},
author={Bliss, Laura},
year={2019},
url = {https://www.citylab.com/design/2019/11/street-light-los-angeles-history-lighting-design-lamp-safety/602218/}
}
@article{cook2019gun,
title={Why do gun murders have a higher clearance rate than gunshot assaults?},
author={Cook, Philip J and Braga, Anthony A and Turchan, Brandon S and Barao, Lisa M},
journal={Criminology \& Public Policy},
volume={18},
number={3},
pages={525--551},
year={2019},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}
@article{raphael2016optimal,
title={Optimal policing, crime, and clearance rates},
author={Raphael, Steven},
journal={Criminology \& Public Policy},
volume={15},
pages={791},
year={2016},
publisher={HeinOnline}
}
@article{blanes2018effect,
title={The effect of police response time on crime clearance rates},
author={Blanes Vidal, Jordi and Kirchmaier, Tom},
journal={The Review of Economic Studies},
volume={85},
number={2},
pages={855--891},
year={2018},
publisher={Oxford University Press}
}
@article{braga2018can,
title={Can homicide detectives improve homicide clearance rates?},
author={Braga, Anthony A and Dusseault, Desiree},
journal={Crime \& Delinquency},
volume={64},
number={3},
pages={283--315},
year={2018},
publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}
@article{scott2019variability,
title={Variability of crime clearance among police agencies},
author={Scott, Thomas L and Wellford, Charles and Lum, Cynthia and Vovak, Heather},
journal={Police Quarterly},
volume={22},
number={1},
pages={82--111},
year={2019},
publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}
@article{kingshott2019does,
title={Does Community Policing Help to Solve Crime? {A} Look at Its Relationships With Crime Clearance Rates},
author={Kingshott, Brian F and Meesig, Robert T},
journal={Journal of Applied Security Research},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={3--31},
year={2019},
publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}
@article{avdija2019police,
title={Police Response to Homicide Crime Scenes: Testing the Effect of the Number of Police Officers and Investigators Responding to an Active Crime Scene on the Arrest Success Rate},
author={Avdija, Avdi S},
journal={Journal of Criminal Justice and Security},
number={2},
pages={101--114},
year={2019},
publisher={University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice nad Security}
}
@article{morgan2019does,
title={Does {CCTV} help police solve crime?},
author={Morgan, Anthony and Dowling, Christopher},
year={2019},
publisher={Australian Institute of Criminology}
}
@article{pizarro2018impact,
title={The impact of investigation strategies and tactics on homicide clearance},
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}
@book{macdonald2019changing,
title={Changing Places: The Science and Art of New Urban Planning},
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year={2019},
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@misc{batya2015,
title={Lessons For Ferguson In Creating A Diverse Police Department},
url={https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/lessons-for-ferguson-in-creating-a-diverse-police-department/}, journal={FiveThirtyEight},
publisher={FiveThirtyEight},
author={Batya, Ungar-Sargon},
year={2015}
}
@misc{governing2015,
title={Diversity on the Force: Where Police Don't Mirror Communities},
url={https://www.governing.com/gov-data/safety-justice/police-department-officer-demographics-minority-representation.html},
author={Governing},
year={2015},
publisher={Governing}
}
@misc{batya2014,
title={Reexamining Residency Requirements For Police Officers},
url={https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/reexamining-residency-requirements-for-police-officers/}, journal={FiveThirtyEight},
publisher={FiveThirtyEight},
author={Batya, Ungar-Sargon and Flowers, Andrew},
year={2014}
}
@misc{lopez2016,
title={Why did the {B}lack community in {F}erguson feel the need to protest?},
url={https://www.vox.com/2015/5/31/17937774/ferguson-police-racism-black-community-protests},
journal={Vox},
publisher={Vox},
author={Lopez, German},
year={2016}
}
@misc{judd2017,
title={The Far Reach of Racism in {F}erguson},
url={https://psmag.com/news/racial-bias-far-reaching-in-ferguson},
journal={Pacific Standard},
publisher={Pacific Standard},
author={Judd, Wes},
year={2017}
}
@misc{leber2014,
title={Ferguson's Police Force Is 94 Percent White - And That's Basically Normal in the {U.S.}},
url={https://newrepublic.com/article/119070/michael-browns-death-leads-scrutiny-ferguson-white-police},
journal={The New Republic},
publisher={The New Republic},
author={Leber, Rebecca},
year={2014}
}
@misc{lockhart2019,
title={Ferguson changed how {A}merica talks about police violence. 5 years later, not much else has changed.},
url={https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/8/9/20798921/michael-brown-ferguson-uprising-police-violence-reform},
journal={Vox},
publisher={Vox},
author={Lockhart, P.R.},
year={2019}
}
@misc{sanchez2014,
title={Michael {B}rown shooting, protests highlight racial divide},
url={https://www.cnn.com/2014/08/14/justice/ferguson-missouri-police-community/index.html},
journal={CNN},
publisher={CNN},
author={Sanchez, Ray},
year={2014}
}
@misc{ashkenas2015,
title={The Race Gap in {A}merica's Police Departments},
url={https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/09/03/us/the-race-gap-in-americas-police-departments.html},
journal={The New York Times},
publisher={The New York Times},
author={Ashkenas, Jeremy and Park, Haeyoun},
year={2015}
}
@misc{neuman2014,
title={Ferguson Mayor: Police Will Recruit More Minorities},
url={https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/11/30/367548761/ferguson-largely-peaceful-after-officers-decision-to-quit},
journal={National Public Radio},
publisher={National Public Radio},
author={Neuman, Scott},
year={2014}
}
@article{patterson2016police,
title={Police shootings of unarmed {A}frican {A}merican males: A systematic review},
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year={2016},
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@article{aymer2016can,
title={"I can't breathe": A case study - {H}elping {B}lack men cope with race-related trauma stemming from police killing and brutality},
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title={\# {F}erguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the {U}nited {S}tates},
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title={Unequal city: Race, schools, and perceptions of injustice},
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year={2015},
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title={Perceptions of the police: Past findings, methodological issues, conceptual issues and policy implications},
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title={Behind the window dressing: Ethnic minority police perspectives on cultural diversity},
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title={Recruitment, selection and promotion of visible-minority and {A}boriginal police officers in selected {C}anadian police services},
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title={Strategies for improving officer recruitment in the {S}an {D}iego {P}olice {D}epartment},
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@article{sklansky2005not,
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@article{smith2003impact,
title={The impact of police officer diversity on police-caused homicides},
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@misc{president2015final,
title={Final report of the President's task force on {21st} century policing},
author={{President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing}},
year={2015},
publisher={Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Washington, DC}
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@article{waters2007ethnic,
title={Ethnic minorities and the challenge of police recruitment},
author={Waters, Ian and Hardy, Nick and Delgado, Domonique and Dahlmann, Simone},
journal={The police journal},