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hardware.html
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<meta name="author" content="Jeremy Laratro">
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<button class="container collapsible" style="text-align: center">
<span class="card-header">
<h2>Hardware: </h2>
<h2>A few of my electronics-hardware related projects and work </h2>
</span>
</button>
<div class="inner">
<div class="container">
<div class="div2 h">
<div class="container header" style="margin: auto">
<h3> uSDX: Open Source HF Radio</h3>
</div>
<img src="img/20210216_155038.jpg" alt="radio" style="width:30%">
<img src="img/ne.jpg" alt="radio" style="width:30%">
<img src="img/20210216_144157.jpg" alt="radio" style="width:30%">
<!-- <div class="container hardware" style="">-->
<p>Pictured: The uSDX, a credit card-sized fully operational HF radio capable of modulating SSB (USB and
LSB), as well as CW.
There are multiple versions of this project. This one was created by Manuel, DL2MAN, and the
software originally by Guide, PE1NNZ.
I also built one of the other original versions by Barb, WB2CBA. This is one of my favorite open
source projects to date, as
the community was quite small and I was able to help, as well as be helped, by others. A lot of
knowledge and experience
was shared. Specifically, a problem arose where a number of people were receiving ATMETA328P
microcontrollers without
bootloaders. I made a guide for them to succesfully load the bootloader onto their microcontroller
via the command prompt,
using a breadboard and USB-ASP. This then allowed them to upload the uSDX firmware via their
Arduino's.
</p>
<p> This project consisted of many parts, and was a great learning experience. The RF filter board was
especially interesting,
as it was my first introduction into Class E amplifiers and serial resonance. This made it quite a
challenge, but was extremely rewarding,
as the values for each frequency band had to be optimized while maintaining that optimization for
all.
I did this using a VNA and LC Meter. The board was designed by Manuel, DL2MAN, to allow for five
frequency bands,
and each pair of toroids had to be tuned to the correct frequency band, which was done by changing
the number of times the
magnet wire was wrapped around the toroid, as well as the capacitor values.
<a href="https://groups.io/g/ucx/" style="text-decoration-style: unset" target="_blank" ">If you're
interested in learning
more about the uSDX, the groups.io page is a great place to start. </a>
</p>
<!--</div>-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="container hardware" style="text-align: center">
<div class="container header" style="display: flow-root;margin: auto;">
<h3> Hardware Repair: DJI Phantom Drone</h3>
</div>
<img src="img/20210502_192500.jpg" alt="u-logo"
style="width:23%;margin: 1%;left: 50%; right:50%;padding: auto">
<img src="img/20210502_192448.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:18%">
<img src="img/drone.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:23%;margin: 2%">
<!-- <div class="container hardware" style="">-->
<p>Pictured above is the inside of a DJI Phantom drone which I was working on. This unit had lost its live
video feed.
I was able to fix this unit by removing the rf board, soldering leads to the jtag connectors,
and then re-flashing the firmware. </p>
<!-- </div>-->
</div>
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<div class="parent hard cnc">
<div class="div1 hc">
<div class="container header" style="position: center;">
<h3> Builds: Mini-CNC Machine with GRBL Open Source Controller</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="parent hard cnc" style="place-items: center; column-count: 2">
<div class="div1 hc">
</div>
<!-- <div class="div2 hc"style="margin-right:3%">-->
<img src="img/20210807_213240.jpg" alt="u-logo"
style="width:75%;border-radius: 2%;grid-area: 1/ 3 / 2 / 3;">
<!-- </div>-->
<!-- <div class="div3 hc">-->
<img src="img/20210807_232255.jpg" alt="u-logo"
style="width:75%;border-radius: 2%;grid-area: 2 / 3 / 3 / 4;">
<!-- </div>-->
<!-- <div class="div4 hc" style="margin-left:3%">-->
<div class="div5 hc">
<!-- <div class="container hardware" style="">-->
<p>Pictured above is the mini-CNC I built using aluminum extrusion, stepper motors, a 10k rpm
spindle motor, and an open-source GRBL control board.
I was able to build the CNC for less than $200 total. My software workflow for milling PCBs
was KiCAD (design the PCB, plot the GRBR files) --> FlatCAM (turn the
GRBRs into a CAM file with the traces inverted --> bCNC (an open source CNC control
software written in python. I tried various different software but this was my
favorite as it had various options including an autolevel function (create heightmaps for
even milling), simple GCode editing, and extensive customizability overall
for various purposes. </p>
<!-- </div>-->
</div>
<img src="img/20210814_115028.jpg" alt="u-logo"
style="width:70%;;border-radius: 2%;grid-area: 3 / 1 / 1 / 1;">
<!-- </div>-->
<!-- <div class="div6 hc">-->
<img src="img/20210809_132539.jpg" alt="u-logo"
style="width:75%;border-radius: 2%;grid-area: 3 / 2 / 4 / 3;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container hardware">
<div class="parent gps" style="display: grid;grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;place-items: center;">
<div class="div1 gps" style="grid-area: 1 / 1 / 2 / 3;
}">
<div class="container header" style="position: center;">
<h3> GPS Speedometer for Boat/Bike </h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div2 gps" style="grid-area: 2 / 1/ 2/ 2;">
<img src="img/20210816_165305.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
</div>
<div class="div3 gps" style="grid-area: 2 / 2/ 2 /2;">
<img src="img/20210812_161854(1).jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:75%;border-radius: 2%">
</div>
<div class="div4 gps" style="grid-area: 3 / 3 / 3 / 1;padding: 0;">
<!-- <div class="container hardware" style="">-->
<p>Pictured above are the first prototypes of a GPS speedometer I built. On the left, the upper side
of a freshly-milled copper-clad PCB board, and to the
right, a first-gen iteration using a breadboard. As usual, this project started with a problem I
was facing -- I wanted a way to measure the speed
of my small boat that I had recently purchased, but also wanted a portability aspect that I
could potentially use for other modes of transportation,
such as a bike. I also wanted to leave open the possibility of other future features, such as
mapping. I decided on the following hardware: </p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">Arduino Uno for initial prototypes, then I planned to
migrate the ATMEGA328P as a standalone chip</p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">NEO-6M GPS Module: This moodule fits all of my needs; it is
cheap, small, and supported by existing Arduino libraries</p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">OLED screen: I chose to use an OLED as I had a bunch of
extras. They are also cheap and normally available. </p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">A 3.3v LiON battery: Portable and cheap.</p>
<p></p>
<!-- </div>-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container hardware">
<div class="parent gps" style="place-items: center">
<div class="div1 gps" style="grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3;">
<div class="container header" style="position: center;">
<h3> Class A Amp for Cell Phone </h3>
</div>
</div>
<img src="img/20210914_005810.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:50%;border-radius: 2%;text-align: center;">
<img src="img/phone_amp.png" alt="u-logo" style="width:50%;border-radius: 2%; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="div4 gps" style="grid-area: 3 / 1 / 5 / 5;">
<!-- <div class="container hardware" style="">-->
<p>Pictured on the left is an early prototype created using a chemically etched copper-clad PCB
board and SMT components which I soldered on.
Pictured on the right is a prototype KiCAD PCB, which I can use to export GRBR files for
professional fabrication from places like PCBWay or JLPCB,
the two main services I use for fabrication.
I started this project because I wanted to learn more about how audio circuits and amplifiers
work. After coming across a video on Youtube
by GreatScott Gadgets, I thought that this would be the perfect project to learn about amplifier
circuits, practice my chemical etching process, and also create something
fairly useful.
</p>
<p>
This circuit a simple Class A audio amplifier circuit. It attains power from the phone, so no
external battery or power supply is needed,
and uses an aux cord to receive the audio signals. It essentially works as a middle-man, where
the audio output of the phone goes through
the amplifier circuit, and then the amplified signal leave through the out-jack, into either
headphones or a speaker. Class A amps are inherently inefficient,
but it does produce a clean signal and noticeably louder output. </p>
<p>
The hardware I used includes: </p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">2x BC337 Transistors: These were perfect as they are cheap
and I already had a bunch of them</p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">SMT Ceramic Capacitors and SMT Think Film Resistors: I
chose to use SMT components because I have a lot of them, and I also
find them to be easier to work with, although many people disagree. I also wanted to confine the
board to a single side as making two-sided designs does
lengthen the process quite a bit when making home-made PCBs. </p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">Standard Audio Jacks: I had quite a bit of left overs from
the uSDX. </p>
<p style="display: flow-root list-item;">A USB-C Module: This circuit uses the phone's output for
power, and I wanted to be able to plug it directly
into my Note 9. This module is quite simple, as it is only for power, so none of the data lines
need to be connected. </p>
<p></p>
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<div class="parent misc" style="text-align: center;">
<div class="div5 misc" style="display: flow-root;margin: auto;">
<div class="container header" style="position: center;display: grid;">
<h3> My Bench and Other Projects for Future Articles </h3>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/IMG-20211003-WA0010.jpeg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>My Bench</p>
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<div class="div4 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/20210927_235551.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>NanoVNA</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div7 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/20210902_182728.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>PCB with Photosensitive layer and stencil</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div2 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/armachat.png" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>ArmaChat: A Standalone LoRa Text Messenger</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div3 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/IMG-20201110-WA0017.jpeg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>Heathkit 500w HF Amplifier Rebuild: High Voltage Board </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div8 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/20201126_113347.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:85%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>Heathkit 500w HF Amplifier Rebuild: Underside</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="div9 misc">
<div class="container hardware" style="">
<img src="img/20210911_135347.jpg" alt="u-logo" style="width:100%;border-radius: 2%">
<p>uSDX: Testing the Si5351 </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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