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config-1.6.0.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23">
<title>Configuration</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
<style>
/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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sup{top:-.5em}
sub{bottom:-.25em}
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pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
#header .details br{display:none}
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#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Configuration</h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes how to create a kanata configuration file. The kanata
configuration file will determine your keyboard behaviour upon running kanata.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
The configuration guide you are reading
may have content not applicable to the version you are using.
See below for links to specific guide versions.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<details>
<summary class="title">Links to specific guide versions</summary>
<div class="content">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/v1.6.0-prerelease-4/docs/config.adoc">v1.6.0-prerelease-4</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/v1.6.0-prerelease-3/docs/config.adoc">v1.6.0-prerelease-3</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/v1.6.0-prerelease-2/docs/config.adoc">v1.6.0-prerelease-2</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/v1.6.0-prerelease-1/docs/config.adoc">v1.6.0-prerelease-1</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/v1.5.0/docs/config.adoc">v1.5.0</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</details>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The configuration file uses S-expression syntax from Lisps. If you are not
familiar with any Lisp-like programming language, do not be too worried. This
document will hopefully be a sufficient guide to help you customize your
keyboard behaviour to your exact liking.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you have any questions, confusions, suggestions, etc., feel free to
<a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/discussions/new/choose">start a discussion</a>
or <a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/issues/new/choose">file an issue</a>.
If you have ideas for how to improve this document or any other part of the project,
please be welcome to make a pull request or file an issue.</p>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle" class="title"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#table-of-contents">Table of contents</a></li>
<li><a href="#force-exit">Forcefully exit kanata</a></li>
<li><a href="#comments">Comments</a></li>
<li><a href="#required-configuration-entries">Required configuration entries</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#defsrc">defsrc</a></li>
<li><a href="#deflayer">deflayer</a></li>
<li><a href="#review-of-required-configuration-entries">Review of required configuration entries</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#non-us-keyboards">Non-US keyboards</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_browser_event_code">Browser event.code</a></li>
<li><a href="#_deflocalkeys">deflocalkeys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#introduction-defcfg">Introduction to defcfg</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#process-unmapped-keys">process-unmapped-keys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_aliases_and_variables">Aliases and variables</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#aliases">Aliases</a></li>
<li><a href="#variables">Variables</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#actions">Actions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#live-reload">Live reload</a></li>
<li><a href="#layer-switch">layer-switch</a></li>
<li><a href="#layer-while-held">layer-while-held</a></li>
<li><a href="#transparent-key">Transparent key</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-op">No-op</a></li>
<li><a href="#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="#output-chordscombos">Output chords/combos</a></li>
<li><a href="#repeat-key">Repeat key</a></li>
<li><a href="#release-a-key-or-layer">Release a key or layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#multi">multi</a></li>
<li><a href="#mouse-actions">Mouse actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#tap-dance">tap-dance</a></li>
<li><a href="#one-shot">one-shot</a></li>
<li><a href="#tap-hold">tap-hold</a></li>
<li><a href="#macro">macro</a></li>
<li><a href="#dynamic-macro">dynamic-macro</a></li>
<li><a href="#fork">fork</a></li>
<li><a href="#caps-word">caps-word</a></li>
<li><a href="#_unmod">unmod</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmd">cmd</a></li>
<li><a href="#arbitrary-code">arbitrary-code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#global-overrides">Global overrides</a></li>
<li><a href="#_include_other_files">Include other files</a></li>
<li><a href="#platform">Platform-specific configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#input-chords-v2">Input chords / combos (v2)</a></li>
<li><a href="#optional-defcfg-options">defcfg options</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#danger-enable-cmd">danger-enable-cmd</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-timeout">sequence-timeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-input-mode">sequence-input-mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-backtrack-modcancel">sequence-backtrack-modcancel</a></li>
<li><a href="#log-layer-changes">log-layer-changes</a></li>
<li><a href="#delegate-to-first-layer">delegate-to-first-layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#movemouse-inherit-accel-state">movemouse-inherit-accel-state</a></li>
<li><a href="#movemouse-smooth-diagonals">movemouse-smooth-diagonals</a></li>
<li><a href="#dynamic-macro-max-presses">dynamic-macro-max-presses</a></li>
<li><a href="#concurrent-tap-hold">concurrent-tap-hold</a></li>
<li><a href="#block-unmapped-keys">block-unmapped-keys</a></li>
<li><a href="#rapid-event-delay">rapid-event-delay</a></li>
<li><a href="#chords-v2-min-idle-experimental">chords-v2-min-idle-experimental</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev">Linux only: linux-dev</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev-names-include">Linux only: linux-dev-names-include</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev-names-exclude">Linux only: linux-dev-names-exclude</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-continue-if-no-devs-found">Linux only: linux-continue-if-no-devs-found</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-unicode-u-code">Linux only: linux-unicode-u-code</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-unicode-termination">Linux only: linux-unicode-termination</a></li>
<li><a href="#_linux_only_linux_x11_repeat_delay_rate">Linux only: linux-x11-repeat-delay-rate</a></li>
<li><a href="#macos-only-macos-dev-names-include">macOS only: macos-dev-names-include</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-windows-altgr">Windows only: windows-altgr</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_mouse_hwid">Windows only: windows-interception-mouse-hwid</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_mouse_hwids">Windows only: windows-interception-mouse-hwids</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_keyboard_hwids">Windows only: windows-interception-keyboard-hwids</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-multiple-defcfg-options">Using multiple defcfg options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_advancedweird_features">Advanced/weird features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#fake-keys">Virtual keys (a.k.a. fake keys)</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequences">Sequences</a></li>
<li><a href="#input-chords">Input chords</a></li>
<li><a href="#defaliasenvcond">defaliasenvcond</a></li>
<li><a href="#switch">switch</a></li>
<li><a href="#templates">Templates</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom-tap-hold-behaviour">Custom tap-hold behaviour</a></li>
<li><a href="#fancy-key-symbols">Fancy key symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-work-elevated">Windows only: enable in elevated windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#test-your-config">Test your config</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="force-exit">Forcefully exit kanata</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#table-of-contents">Back to ToC</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Though this isn’t configuration-related,
it may be important for you to know that pressing and holding all of the
three following keys together at the same time will cause kanata to exit:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Left Control</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Space</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Escape</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This mechanism works on the key input <strong>before</strong> any remappings done by kanata.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="comments">Comments</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#table-of-contents">Back to ToC</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can add comments to your configuration file. Comments are prefixed with two
semicolons. E.g:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>;; This is a comment in a kanata configuration file.
;; Comments will be ignored and are intended for you to help understand your
;; own configuration when reading it later.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can begin a multi-line comment block with <code>#|</code> and end it with <code>|#</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>#|
This is
a multi-line comment block
|#</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="required-configuration-entries">Required configuration entries</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="defsrc">defsrc</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#table-of-contents">Back to ToC</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your configuration file must have exactly one <code>defsrc</code> entry. This defines the
order of keys that the <code>deflayer</code> entries will operate on.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A <code>defsrc</code> entry is composed of <code>defsrc</code> followed by key names that are
separated by whitespace.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It should be noted that the <code>defsrc</code> entry is treated as a long sequence; the
amount of whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines) are not relevant. You may use
spaces, tabs, or newlines however you like to visually format <code>defsrc</code> to your
liking.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The primary source of all key names are the
<code>str_to_oscode</code> and <code>default_mappings</code> functions in
<a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/main/parser/src/keys/mod.rs">the source</a>.
Please feel welcome to file an issue
if you’re unable to find the key you’re looking for.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example <code>defsrc</code> containing the US QWERTY keyboard keys as an
approximately 60% keyboard layout:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(defsrc
grv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = bspc
tab q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \
caps a s d f g h j k l ; ' ret
lsft z x c v b n m , . / rsft
lctl lmet lalt spc ralt rmet rctl
)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that some keyboards have a Compose/Menu key instead of a right Meta key.
In this case you can use <code>comp</code> instead of <code>rmet</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For non-US keyboards, see <a href="#non-us-keyboards">this section</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="deflayer">deflayer</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#table-of-contents">Back to ToC</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your configuration file must have at least one <code>deflayer</code> entry. This defines
how each physical key mapped in <code>defsrc</code> behaves when kanata runs.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A <code>deflayer</code> configuration entry is followed by the layer name then a list of
keys or actions. The usable key names are the same as in defsrc. Actions are
explained further on in this document. The whitespace story is the same as with
<code>defsrc</code>. The order of keys/actions in <code>deflayer</code> corresponds to the
physical key in the same sequence position defined in <code>defsrc</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The first layer defined in your configuration file will be the starting layer
when kanata runs. Other layers can be temporarily activated or switched to
using actions.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example <code>defsrc</code> and <code>deflayer</code> that remaps QWERTY to the Dvorak layout
would be:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(defsrc
grv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = bspc
tab q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \
caps a s d f g h j k l ; ' ret
lsft z x c v b n m , . / rsft
lctl lmet lalt spc ralt rmet rctl
)
(deflayer dvorak
grv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 [ ] bspc
tab ' , . p y f g c r l / = \
caps a o e u i d h t n s - ret
lsft ; q j k x b m w v z rsft
lctl lmet lalt spc ralt rmet rctl
)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_deflayermap">deflayermap</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An alternative method for defining a layer exists: <code>deflayermap</code>.
This method maps inputs to actions by explicitly defined by input-output pairs
instead of relying on matching the <code>defsrc</code> ordering.
This has the advantage of terser configuration
when only a few keys on a layer need to be mapped.
When practicing a new configuration, the standard <code>deflayer</code> has an advantage
of looking more like physical keyboard layout, which may be helpful to some.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Within <code>deflayermap</code> the very first item must be the layer name.
The layer name must be in parentheses unlike with <code>deflayer</code>.
After the layer name, the layer is configured via pairs of items:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>input key</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>output action</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example complete configuration that maps Caps Lock to Escape is:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>;; defsrc is still necessary
(defsrc)
(deflayermap (base-layer)
caps esc
)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The input key takes the same role as <code>defsrc</code> keys.
The output action takes the role that items in the normal <code>deflayer</code> have.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instead of specifying an input key,
you can use either <code>_</code>, <code>__</code>, or <code>___</code> to map all
the keys that are not explicitly mapped in the layer,
e.g. in the example above, these affect keys other than <code>caps</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>_</code> maps only keys that are in defsrc.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>__</code> excludes mapping keys that are in defsrc.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>___</code> maps all keys that are not explicitly mapped in the layer.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Important</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
You will likely want to either enable <a href="#process-unmapped-keys">process-unmapped-keys</a>
or map most of your keyboard keys within defsrc when using <code>deflayermap</code>.
Otherwise actions such as <code>tap-hold</code> do not behave as intended.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="review-of-required-configuration-entries">Review of required configuration entries</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#table-of-contents">Back to ToC</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you’re reading in order, you have now seen all of the required entries:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>defsrc</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>deflayer</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example minimal configuration is:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(defsrc a b c)
(deflayer start 1 2 3)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This will make kanata remap your <code>a b c</code> keys to <code>1 2 3</code>. This is almost
certainly undesirable but is a valid configuration.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">