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title: Chains of Trust
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linkTitle: Chains of Trust (Root and Intermediate Certificates)
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slug: certificates
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lastmod: 2025-10-06
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lastmod: 2025-11-14
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show_lastmod: 1
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---
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This page describes all of the current and relevant historical Certification Authorities operated by Let's Encrypt. Note that a CA is most correctly thought of as a key and a name: any given CA may be represented by _multiple_ certificates which all contain the same Subject and Public Key Information. In such cases, we have provided the details of all certificates which represent the CA. If you're looking for the Trust Anchor IDs associated with these CAs, see our page on [Object Identifiers](/docs/oids).
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[](/images/isrg-hierarchy.png)
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[](/images/isrg-hierarchy-full.png)
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# Root CAs
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# Subordinate (Intermediate) CAs
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We currently maintain four intermediates in active rotation. Subscriber certificates containing an ECDSA public key will be issued from one of the ECDSA intermediates; similarly, Subscriber certificates containing an RSA public key will be issued from one of the RSA intermediates.
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We currently maintain eight intermediates in active rotation. Subscriber certificates containing an ECDSA public key will be issued from one of the ECDSA intermediates; similarly, Subscriber certificates containing an RSA public key will be issued from one of the RSA intermediates. Subscriber certificates issued under the "classic" and "tlsclient" [profiles](/docs/profiles) will be issued from one of the first four intermediates listed (E7 through R13); conversely, Subscriber certificates issued under the "tlsserver" and "shortlived" profiles will be issued from one of the latter four intermediates (YE1 through YR2).
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All intermediate certificate Subjects have a Country field of `C = US`.
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* Valid until: 2027-03-12
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* CA details: [crt.sh](https://crt.sh/?caid=295817), [issued certs](https://crt.sh/?Identity=%25&iCAID=295817)
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