diff --git a/protocols/mdns/CHANGELOG.md b/protocols/mdns/CHANGELOG.md
index c6bf70d2e10..955950a79ad 100644
--- a/protocols/mdns/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/protocols/mdns/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 ## 0.49.0
 
+- Fix mDNS to only advertise listening addresses that match the interface IP.
+  Previously, all listening addresses (including loopback and addresses from other interfaces)
+  were sent in mDNS responses, causing dial failures when peers tried to connect via
+  unreachable addresses.
+  See [PR 6500](https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/pull/6500)
 - Skip address translation when the observed mDNS source is IPv6 link-local, keeping
   the announced routable address intact.
   See [PR 6479](https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/pull/6479).
-
 - Raise MSRV to 1.88.0.
   See [PR 6273](https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/pull/6273).
 
diff --git a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface.rs b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface.rs
index 8a38c90baac..dd08e930a48 100644
--- a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface.rs
+++ b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt, channel::mpsc};
-use libp2p_core::Multiaddr;
+use libp2p_core::{Multiaddr, multiaddr::Protocol};
 use libp2p_identity::PeerId;
 use libp2p_swarm::ListenAddresses;
 use socket2::{Domain, Socket, Type};
@@ -274,13 +274,23 @@ where
                         "received query from remote address on address"
                     );
 
+                    // Only send addresses that belong to this interface.
+                    // This prevents advertising loopback or other interface addresses
+                    // to peers that can't reach them.
+                    let iface_ip = this.addr;
+                    let read = this
+                        .listen_addresses
+                        .read()
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+                    let relevant_addrs = read
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|multiaddr| addr_matches_interface(multiaddr, iface_ip))
+                        .collect();
+
                     this.send_buffer.extend(build_query_response(
                         query.query_id(),
                         this.local_peer_id,
-                        this.listen_addresses
-                            .read()
-                            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
-                            .iter(),
+                        relevant_addrs,
                         this.ttl,
                     ));
                     continue;
@@ -333,3 +343,16 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Returns `true` if the first protocol component of `addr` is an IP address equal to
+/// `iface_ip`.
+///
+/// Used when answering mDNS queries to advertise only the listening addresses that are
+/// reachable on the interface the query arrived on, instead of every listening address.
+fn addr_matches_interface(addr: &Multiaddr, iface_ip: IpAddr) -> bool {
+    match addr.iter().next() {
+        Some(Protocol::Ip4(v4)) => IpAddr::V4(v4) == iface_ip,
+        Some(Protocol::Ip6(v6)) => IpAddr::V6(v6) == iface_ip,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/dns.rs b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/dns.rs
index 990cc4287ac..1ae5f632de3 100644
--- a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/dns.rs
+++ b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/dns.rs
@@ -104,17 +104,17 @@ pub(crate) fn build_query() -> MdnsPacket {
 /// Builds the response to an address discovery DNS query.
 ///
 /// If there are more than 2^16-1 addresses, ignores the rest.
-pub(crate) fn build_query_response<'a>(
+pub(crate) fn build_query_response(
     id: u16,
     peer_id: PeerId,
-    addresses: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a Multiaddr>,
+    mut addresses: Vec<&Multiaddr>,
     ttl: Duration,
 ) -> Vec<MdnsPacket> {
     // Convert the TTL into seconds.
     let ttl = duration_to_secs(ttl);
 
     // Add a limit to 2^16-1 addresses, as the protocol limits to this number.
-    let addresses = addresses.take(65535);
+    addresses.truncate(65535);
 
     let peer_name_bytes = generate_peer_name();
     debug_assert!(peer_name_bytes.len() <= 0xffff);
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ mod tests {
         let packets = build_query_response(
             0xf8f8,
             my_peer_id,
-            vec![&addr1, &addr2].into_iter(),
+            vec![&addr1, &addr2],
             Duration::from_secs(60),
         );
         for packet in packets {
diff --git a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/query.rs b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/query.rs
index 645dcd1510f..28086427c8b 100644
--- a/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/query.rs
+++ b/protocols/mdns/src/behaviour/iface/query.rs
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ mod tests {
         let packets = build_query_response(
             0xf8f8,
             peer_id,
-            vec![&addr1, &addr2].into_iter(),
+            vec![&addr1, &addr2],
             Duration::from_secs(60),
         );
 
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ mod tests_ipv6 {
         let packets = build_query_response(
             0x1234,
             peer_id,
-            vec![&announced_addr].into_iter(),
+            vec![&announced_addr],
             Duration::from_secs(300),
         );
 
diff --git a/protocols/mdns/tests/use-tokio.rs b/protocols/mdns/tests/use-tokio.rs
index 6805cae5a2e..240f5cfb21f 100644
--- a/protocols/mdns/tests/use-tokio.rs
+++ b/protocols/mdns/tests/use-tokio.rs
@@ -115,18 +115,19 @@ async fn create_swarm(config: Config) -> Swarm<Behaviour> {
     });
 
     // Manually listen on all interfaces because mDNS only works for non-loopback addresses.
-    let expected_listener_id = swarm
+    let expected_listener_id_ip4 = swarm
         .listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse().unwrap())
         .unwrap();
+    let expected_listener_id_ip6 = swarm.listen_on("/ip6/::/tcp/0".parse().unwrap()).unwrap();
 
-    swarm
-        .wait(|e| match e {
-            SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr { listener_id, .. } => {
-                (listener_id == expected_listener_id).then_some(())
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        })
-        .await;
+    let mut listen_both = false;
+
+    while !listen_both {
+        if let SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr { listener_id, .. } = swarm.next_swarm_event().await {
+            listen_both |= listener_id == expected_listener_id_ip4;
+            listen_both |= listener_id == expected_listener_id_ip6;
+        }
+    }
 
     swarm
 }