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Installation

You can install cryptography with pip:

$ pip install cryptography

Supported platforms

Currently we test cryptography on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, 3.4 and PyPy on these operating systems.

  • x86-64 CentOS 7.x, 6.4 and CentOS 5.x
  • x86-64 FreeBSD 10
  • OS X 10.10 Yosemite, 10.9 Mavericks, 10.8 Mountain Lion, and 10.7 Lion
  • x86-64 Ubuntu 12.04 LTS
  • x86-64 Debian Wheezy (7.x) and Jessie (8.x)
  • 32-bit Python on 64-bit Windows Server 2008
  • 64-bit Python on 64-bit Windows Server 2012

We test compiling with clang as well as gcc and use the following OpenSSL releases:

  • OpenSSL 0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 (RHEL/CentOS 5)
  • OpenSSL 0.9.8k
  • OpenSSL 0.9.8za
  • OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips (RHEL/CentOS 6.4)
  • OpenSSL 1.0.1
  • OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips (RHEL/CentOS 7)
  • OpenSSL 1.0.1j-freebsd
  • OpenSSL 1.0.1-latest (The most recent 1.0.1 release)
  • OpenSSL 1.0.2

On Windows

The wheel package on Windows is a statically linked build (as of 0.5) so all dependencies are included. Just run

$ pip install cryptography

If you prefer to compile it yourself you'll need to have OpenSSL installed. There are pre-compiled binaries available. If your installation is in an unusual location set the LIB and INCLUDE environment variables to include the corresponding locations.For example:

C:\> \path\to\vcvarsall.bat x86_amd64
C:\> set LIB=C:\OpenSSL\lib\VC\static;C:\OpenSSL\lib;%LIB%
C:\> set INCLUDE=C:\OpenSSL\include;%INCLUDE%
C:\> pip install cryptography

You can also choose to build statically or dynamically using the PYCA_WINDOWS_LINK_TYPE variable. Allowed values are static (default) and dynamic.

C:\> \path\to\vcvarsall.bat x86_amd64
C:\> set LIB=C:\OpenSSL\lib\VC\static;C:\OpenSSL\lib;%LIB%
C:\> set INCLUDE=C:\OpenSSL\include;%INCLUDE%
C:\> set PYCA_WINDOWS_LINK_TYPE=dynamic
C:\> pip install cryptography

Building cryptography on Linux

cryptography should build very easily on Linux provided you have a C compiler, headers for Python (if you're not using pypy), and headers for the OpenSSL and libffi libraries available on your system.

For Debian and Ubuntu, the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed:

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev

For Fedora and RHEL-derivatives, the following command will ensure that the required dependencies are installed:

$ sudo yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel

You should now be able to build and install cryptography with the usual

$ pip install cryptography

Using your own OpenSSL on Linux

Python links to OpenSSL for its own purposes and this can sometimes cause problems when you wish to use a different version of OpenSSL with cryptography. If you want to use cryptography with your own build of OpenSSL you will need to make sure that the build is configured correctly so that your version of OpenSSL doesn't conflict with Python's.

The options you need to add allow the linker to identify every symbol correctly even when multiple versions of the library are linked into the same program. If you are using your distribution's source packages these will probably be patched in for you already, otherwise you'll need to use options something like this when configuring OpenSSL:

$ ./config -Wl,--version-script=openssl.ld -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIC shared

You'll also need to generate your own openssl.ld file. For example:

OPENSSL_1.0.1F_CUSTOM {
    global:
        *;
};

You should replace the version string on the first line as appropriate for your build.

Building cryptography on OS X

Building cryptography requires the presence of a C compiler and development headers. On OS X this is typically provided by Apple's Xcode development tools. To install the Xcode command line tools on open a terminal window and run:

$ xcode-select --install

This will install a compiler (clang) along with the required development headers. If you wish to compile against a more recent OpenSSL than the version shipped with OS X see the next section.

Using your own OpenSSL on OS X

To link cryptography against a custom version of OpenSSL you'll need to set ARCHFLAGS, LDFLAGS, and CFLAGS. OpenSSL can be installed via Homebrew or MacPorts:

Homebrew

$ brew install openssl
$ env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include" pip install cryptography

or MacPorts:

$ sudo port install openssl
$ env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" LDFLAGS="-L/opt/local/lib" CFLAGS="-I/opt/local/include" pip install cryptography

Building cryptography with conda

Because of a bug in conda, attempting to install cryptography out of the box will result in an error. This can be resolved by setting the library path environment variable for your platform.

On OS X:

$ env DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/anaconda/lib" pip install cryptography

and on Linux:

$ env LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$HOME/anaconda/lib" pip install cryptography

You will need to set this variable every time you start Python. For more information, consult Greg Wilson's blog post on the subject.