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#general nihongo notes

JLPT N4 grammatica JLPT N5 grammatica

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verbi

| cercare (su internet) | shiraberu | 調べる| | mandare (file) | okuru | 送る | | arrabbiarsi | okoru | 怒る |

Transitive Verbs: There is an active agent doing an action. As in "I opened the door." You are doing the action of opening the door (or some active agent is doing that action).

Intransitive Verb: There is no direct agent, but something occurs. As in "the door opened." No active agent is opening the door, it just happens.

kotoba

| appuntamento | yakusoku | 約束 | | contanti | genkin | | | resto | otsuri | |

tempo

per quante settimane | nanshuukan " " mesi | nankagetsu " " giorni | nannichi una volta l'anno | ichinen ni ikkai (') una volta a settimana | isshukan ni ikkai da Y anni | Y.nen mae kara X anni fa | X.nen mae ni 2 settimane fa | nishukan mae ni 2 mesi fa | nikagetsu mae ni 2 ore fa | nijikan mae ni 5 minuti fa | gofun mae ni 2 giorni fa | futsuka mae ni tra due giorni | futsuka go ni normalmente | futsu mattina presto | asa hayaku sera tardi | yoru osoku lentamente | yukkuri

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[F] V-PPass + koto esperienza

				nihon he ittakoto ga arimasu ka
				tabako o suukoto wa karada ni warui desu

[F] ka dou ka... non so se...

				kanojo wa kuru ka dou ka wakarimasen	(non so se viene o non viene) 
				dare ga kuru ka wakarimasen				(non so chi viene)

[F] sarebbe meglio V-TA + houga ii desu

[F] anche se V-te mo

				ame ga futte mo		furanakutemo		
				atsukutemo			atsukunakutemo
				yumeidemo			yumeijanakutemo
				amedemo				amejanakutemo
				yukutemo
				
				shashin o totte mo ii desu ka

[F] -TARA

				futtara			furanakattara
				atsukattara		atsukunakattara
				yumeidattara	yumeijanakattara
				amedattara		amejanakattara
				yokattara

[F] V-TARA chiedere consiglio V-TARA ii desu ka ?

				kekkon shiki GA aruNDESUGA nani o kiTARA ii desu ka
				shibuya eki ni ikitaiNDESUGA dono basu ni noTTARA ii desu ka
				dou shitara ii desu ka

[F] V-TARA progetto futuro

				hatachi ni naTTARA kuruma o kaimasu

[F] NDESU per verbi, aggettivi i+na e nomi

				ikuNDESU		atsuiNDESU			kireiNANDESU		
				ikanaiNDESU		atsukuNDESU			kireijanaiNDESU
				ittaNDESU		atsukattaNDESU		kireidattaNDESU
				ikanakattaNDESU	atsukunakattaNDESU	kireijanakattaNDESU

[F] ndesu = NO; ndesuga per raccordare due frasi

				ryouko shitaiNDESUGA doko e ittara ii desu ka
				ryouko shitaiNDESUGA ii omiyage o oshiete itadakemasen ka

[F] da aggettivo a avverbio jouzuna -> jouzuNI

[F] V potenziale: tabemasu -> tabeRAREmasu shimasu -> DEKIMASU [!]

				ikimasu	 -> ikEmasu					kimasu	-> KORAREMASU [!]
				ashi ga itai kara hashiREmasen
				kono hon wa nanshuukan kariRAREmasu ka ?
				nihongo o jouzuNI hanaSEmasu 

[F] confronto: nihongo WA hanashimasu demo chuugokugo WA hanashimasen

				heya kara yama WA miemasu, umi WA miemasen

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> Group 1 Verbs < ('i')

| aruku |歩く | to walk | aruKImasu | 歩きます | aruITE 歩いて | | asobu |遊ぶ | to play | asoBImasu | 遊びます | asoNDE 遊んで | | au |会う | to meet | aImasu | 会います | aTTE 会って | | hairu |入る | to enter | haiRImasu | 入ります | haiTTE 入って | | hajimaru |始まる | to begin | hajimaRImasu | 始まります | hajimaTTE 始まって | | iku |行く | to go | ikimasu | 行きます | itte 行って | | kaeru |帰る | to return | kaeRImasu | 帰ります | kaeTTE 帰って | | kakaru |かかる | to take | kakaRImasu | かかります | kakaTTE かかって | | kaku |書く | to write | kakImasu | 書きます | kaITE 書いて | | kau |買う | to buy | kaImasu | 買います | kaTTE 買って | | kiku |聞く | to listen | kiKImasu | 聞きます | kiITE 聞いて | | matsu |待つ | to wait | maCHImasu | 待ちます | maTTE 待って | | motsu |持つ | to have | moCHImasu | 持ちます | moTTE 持って | | narau |習う | to learn | naraImasu | 習います | naraTTE 習って | | nomu |飲む | to drink | noMImasu | 飲みます | noNDE 飲んで | | okuru |送る | to send | okuRImasu | 送ります | okuTTE 送って | | omou |思う | to think | omoImasu | 思います | omoTTE 思って | | oyogu |泳ぐ | to swim | oyoGImasu | 泳ぎます | oyoIDE 泳いで | | shiru |知る | to know | shiRImasu | 知ります | shiTTE 知って | | suwaru |座る | to sit | suwaRImasu | 座ります | suwaTTE 座って | | tatsu |立つ | to stand | taCHImasu | 立ちます | taTTE 立って | | tomaru |止まる | to stop | tomaRImasu | 止まります | tomaTTE 止まって | | tsuku |着く | to arrive | tsuKImasu | 着きます | tsuITE 着いて | | uru |売る | to sell | uRImasu | 売ります | uTTE 売って | | utau |歌う | to sing | utaImasu | 歌います | utaTTE 歌って | | wakaru |分かる | to understand | wakarimasu | 分かります | wakaTTE 分かって | | warau |笑う | to laugh | waraImasu | 笑います | waraTTE 笑って | | yomu |読む | to read | yoMImasu | 読みます | yoNDE 読んで |

> Group 2 Verbs < (one sound or 'e')

kangaeru | 考える to think | kangaemasu 考えます | kangaete 考えて miru | 見る to see | mimasu 見ます | mite 見て neru | 寝る to sleep | nemasu 寝ます | nete 寝て oshieru | 教える to teach | oshiemasu 教えます | oshiete 教えて taberu | 食べる to eat | tabemasu 食べます | tabete 食べて

> Group 3 Verbs <

kuru | 来る to come | kimasu 来ます | kite 来て suru | する to do | shimasu します | shite して