c_from_python.ipynb

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    "# CFFI, Ctypes, Cython, Cppyy: \n",
    "# Wrapping C code from Python\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "## Matti Picus\n",
    "\n",
    "### Follow along at https://github.com/mattip/c_from_python"
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    "## Who am I?\n",
    "\n",
    "- Core PyPy developer (ask me later)\n",
    "- Working on NumPy 2018 - 2020\n",
    "- Experienced (old?) programmer, been doing image processing on and off since 1980\n",
    "- Open Source evangelist"
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    "## Thanks for tuning in.\n",
    "\n",
    "Here is what we will do\n",
    "\n",
    "<p></p>\n",
    "<details>\n",
    "<summary>The ``mandelbrot`` fractal image</summary>  \n",
    "  \n",
    "  - Pure Python  \n",
    "  - Pure C  \n",
    "  - Measure speed of execution\n",
    "</details>  \n",
    "<p></p>\n",
    "<details>\n",
    "<summary>How to mix C and Python</summary>  \n",
    "  - Ctypes  \n",
    "  - CFFI\n",
    "  - Cython\n",
    "  - Cppyy\n",
    "</details>  \n",
    "<p></p>\n",
    "<details>\n",
    "<summary>Comparison</summary>  \n",
    "  - Boilerplate  \n",
    "  - Maintenance  \n",
    "  - Speed\n",
    "</details>\n",
    "<p></p>\n",
    "A pop quiz\n",
    "<p></p>\n",
    "Questions"
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    "# Ignore the man behind the curtain\n",
    "from __future__ import print_function, division\n",
    "%matplotlib notebook\n",
    "from timeit import default_timer as timer\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from PIL import Image\n",
    "import subprocess\n",
    "import os, sys\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from matplotlib.pylab import imshow, show, figure, subplots, get_cmap"
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   "source": [
    "## Our mission\n",
    "\n",
    "Create a fractal image. Hmm, what is an image? We decide to define a simple structure to hold the image: width, height, data-as-pointer"
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    "class Img(object):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, width, height):\n",
    "        self.width = width\n",
    "        self.height = height\n",
    "        self.data = bytearray(width*height)\n",
    "\n",
    "width = 1500\n",
    "height = 1000\n",
    "image = Img(width, height)"
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    "OK, how do we make a fractal image? We loop over the image, doing a calculation at each pixel location $x$, $y$.\n",
    "For reasons known to only a select few, we normalize the horizontal $x$ values to be from -2 to 1 and the vertical $y$ values to -1 to 1, and then call a function [`mandel`](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set) with these normalized values. $x$, $y$ will become the real, imaginary parts of a complex number and we will do some math on that value. \n",
    "\n",
    "Also, our system architect (geez I don't like him) is adamant that every function return a status, so our calculation function must accept a pointer to the value to be returned. This makes more sense in C, but can be done in python as well, although awkwardly.\n",
    "\n",
    "Since each framework has a different idea on what it means to create this pointer, we pass it in to our outer function (the one that will loop over all the pixels and calculate the actual pixel value. Now we can re-use the function in each of the frameworks more easily. At least the system architect agreed to that!"
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    "## The looping function\n",
    "\n",
    "These links are placeholders for later use  \n",
    "[as used in ctypes](#Ctypes-use)  \n",
    "[as used in CFFI](#CFFI-use)  \n",
    "[as used in Cython](#Cython-use)  \n",
    "[as used in Cppyy](#Cppyy-use)  \n"
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    "def create_fractal(image, iters, func, oneval):\n",
    "    ''' Call a function for each pixel in the image, where\n",
    "        -2 < real < 1 over the columns and\n",
    "        -1 < imag < 1 over the rows\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    pixel_size_x = 3.0 / image.width\n",
    "    pixel_size_y = 2.0 / image.height\n",
    "    for y in range(image.height):\n",
    "        imag = y * pixel_size_y - 1\n",
    "        yy = y * image.width\n",
    "        for x in range(image.width):\n",
    "            real = x * pixel_size_x - 2\n",
    "            \n",
    "            ret = func(real, imag, iters, oneval) # <---- HERE is the real work\n",
    "            if ret < 0:\n",
    "                return ret\n",
    "            image.data[yy + x] = oneval[0]\n",
    "    return 0"
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    "# This is the calculating function in python\n",
    "\n",
    "def mandel(x, y, max_iters, value):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Given the real and imaginary parts of a complex number,\n",
    "    determine if it is a candidate for membership in the Mandelbrot\n",
    "    set given a fixed number of iterations.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    i = 0\n",
    "    c = complex(x,y)\n",
    "    z = 0.0j\n",
    "    for i in range(max_iters):\n",
    "        z = z*z + c\n",
    "        if (z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag) >= 4:\n",
    "            value[0] = i\n",
    "            return 0\n",
    "    value[0] = max_iters\n",
    "    return max_iters"
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     "text": [
      "pure python required 5.36 secs\n"
     ]
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    "# OK, lets try it out. Here is our pure python fractal generator\n",
    "\n",
    "oneval = bytearray(1)  # this is a kind of pointer in pure python\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "ret = create_fractal(image, 20, mandel, oneval)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "if ret < 0:\n",
    "    print('bad ret value from creat_fractal')\n",
    "pure_python = e - s\n",
    "print('pure python required {:.2f} secs'.format(pure_python))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('python_numpy.png')"
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       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
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\" width=\"640\">"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1)\n",
    "img = Image.open('python_numpy.png')\n",
    "in_data = np.asarray(im, dtype=np.uint8)\n",
    "#ax.plot(img.histogram())\n",
    "ax.imshow(in_data) \n",
    "ax.set_title('pure python, {:.2f} millisecs'.format(pure_python*1000));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "EVERYONE KNOWS PYTHON IS TOO SLOW! So we outsource the whole thing to a \n",
    "contractor, keeping the format of two functions and their signatures. \n",
    "\n",
    "The contractor rewrites it in C. Budgeted for one month, contracted for two, \n",
    "we got the code after 4 months, with no tests. Who writes these contracts? We now have our `mandel` function in C99 compliant C using the `_Complex` struct.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "Now the ``*val`` design make sense"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#include \"create_fractal.h\"\n",
      "int mandel(float x, float y, int max_iters, unsigned char * val)\n",
      "{\n",
      "    int i = 0;\n",
      "    float cR = x;\n",
      "    float cI = y;\n",
      "    float zR = 0;\n",
      "    float zI = 0;\n",
      "    for (i = 0; i < max_iters; i++)\n",
      "    {\n",
      "        /* in complex notation, z * z + c */\n",
      "\tfloat prev_zR = zR;\n",
      "        zR = zR * zR - zI * zI + cR;\n",
      "        zI = 2 * prev_zR * zI + cI;\n",
      "        if ((zR * zR + zI * zI) >= 4)\n",
      "        {\n",
      "            *val = i;\n",
      "            return 0;\n",
      "        }\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    *val = max_iters;\n",
      "    return 1;\n",
      "}\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# print out the file \"mandel.c\"\n",
    "with open('mandel.c', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    print(fid.read())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Hang on, what's this? Hah! The contractor may not have a full validation suite but at least they wrote a test runner file `create_fractal.c`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "nbpresent": {
     "id": "05edfb6e-ca49-470a-a1fd-19e36c908a7e"
    },
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#include \"create_fractal.h\"\n",
      "\n",
      "int create_fractal(Img img,  int iters) {\n",
      "    float pixel_size_x = 3.0 / img.width;\n",
      "    float pixel_size_y = 2.0 / img.height;\n",
      "    int x, y, ret=0;\n",
      "    for (y=0; y < img.height; y++) {\n",
      "        float imag = y * pixel_size_y - 1;\n",
      "        int yy = y * img.width;\n",
      "        for (x=0; x < img.width; x++) {\n",
      "            float real = x * pixel_size_x - 2;\n",
      "            unsigned char color;\n",
      "            ret += mandel(real, imag, iters, &color);\n",
      "            img.data[yy + x] = color;\n",
      "        }\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    return ret;\n",
      "}\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# print out \"create_fractal.c\"\n",
    "with open('create_fractal.c', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    print(fid.read())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "nbpresent": {
     "id": "728b3e91-ccb1-4ce4-8da1-3005580df8c7"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "#include <stdio.h>\n",
      "#include <stdlib.h>\n",
      "#include <time.h>\n",
      "#include \"create_fractal.h\"\n",
      "\n",
      "#ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID\n",
      "// call this function to start a nanosecond-resolution timer\n",
      "struct timespec timer_start(){\n",
      "    struct timespec start_time;\n",
      "    clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &start_time);\n",
      "    return start_time;\n",
      "}\n",
      "\n",
      "// call this function to end a timer, returning nanoseconds elapsed as a long\n",
      "long timer_end(struct timespec start_time){\n",
      "    struct timespec end_time;\n",
      "    clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &end_time);\n",
      "    long diffInNanos = end_time.tv_nsec - start_time.tv_nsec;\n",
      "    return diffInNanos;\n",
      "}\n",
      "#else\n",
      "#include <sys\\timeb.h> \n",
      "#endif\n",
      "\n",
      "int main(int argc, const char *argv[], const char * env[])\n",
      "{\n",
      "    int width = 1500;\n",
      "    int height = 1000;\n",
      "    int iters = 20;\n",
      "    FILE * fid = NULL;\n",
      "    Img img;\n",
      "    size_t written;\n",
      "#ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID\n",
      "    struct timespec vartime;\n",
      "#else\n",
      "    struct timeb start, stop;\n",
      "#endif\n",
      "    long time_elapsed_nanos;\n",
      "    img.width = width;\n",
      "    img.height = height;\n",
      "    img.data = (unsigned char*)malloc(width * height * sizeof(unsigned char));\n",
      "    if (NULL == img.data)\n",
      "        return -1;\n",
      "\n",
      "#ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID\n",
      "    vartime = timer_start();\n",
      "#else\n",
      "    ftime(&start);\n",
      "#endif\n",
      "\n",
      "    create_fractal(img, iters);\n",
      "\n",
      "#ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID\n",
      "    time_elapsed_nanos = timer_end(vartime);\n",
      "#else\n",
      "    ftime(&stop);\n",
      "    time_elapsed_nanos = 1000000L * ((int) (1000.0 * (end.time - start.time)\n",
      "        + (end.millitm - start.millitm)));\n",
      "#endif\n",
      "    fprintf(stdout, \"create_fractal required %ld millisecs\\n\", time_elapsed_nanos / 1000000);\n",
      "\n",
      "    fid = fopen(\"c.raw\", \"wb\");\n",
      "    if (NULL == fid)\n",
      "        return -2;\n",
      "    written = fwrite(img.data, sizeof(unsigned char), width * height, fid);\n",
      "    fclose(fid);\n",
      "    return 0;\n",
      "}\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# We will compile the functions into a shared object\n",
    "# and time the call to create_fractal, as before\n",
    "with open('main.c', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    print(fid.read())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "nbpresent": {
     "id": "728b3e91-ccb1-4ce4-8da1-3005580df8c7"
    },
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Compile a shared object, and then compile the exe. If you are following along in Windows, well, good luck.\n",
    "if sys.platform == 'win32':\n",
    "    subprocess.check_call(['cl', '/LD', 'mandel.c', 'create_fractal.c', '-Fecreate_fractal.dll'])\n",
    "    subprocess.check_call(['cl', 'main.c', 'create_fractal.lib', '-Femain.exe'])\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    subprocess.check_call(['gcc', '--shared', '-fPIC', '-O3', 'mandel.c', 'create_fractal.c', \n",
    "                         '-olibcreate_fractal.so'])\n",
    "    subprocess.check_call(['gcc', '-O3', 'main.c', '-L.', '-lcreate_fractal', '-omain']);"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "nbpresent": {
     "id": "4546c856-db4f-4dce-95fc-7363a463a8d0"
    },
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'create_fractal required 82 millisecs\\r\\n'\n",
      "Pure python is 65.4 times slower than pure C\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "environ = os.environ.copy()\n",
    "environ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] = environ.get('LD_LIBRARY_PATH', '') + ':.'\n",
    "if sys.platform == 'win32':\n",
    "    exe = 'main.exe'\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    exe = './main'\n",
    "p = subprocess.Popen([exe,], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, env=environ)\n",
    "stdout, stderr = p.communicate()\n",
    "stdout = str(stdout)\n",
    "print(stdout)\n",
    "pure_c = int(stdout.split(' ')[2])\n",
    "print('Pure python is {:.1f} times slower than pure C'.format(1000.0*pure_python/pure_c));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "nbpresent": {
     "id": "21a2f51d-22e3-4957-b953-1001eef24e17"
    },
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
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\" width=\"640\">"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from matplotlib.pylab import imshow, show, figure, subplots\n",
    "fig, ax = subplots(1,2)\n",
    "with open('c.raw', 'rb') as fid:\n",
    "    img = Image.frombytes(data=fid.read(), size=(1500,1000), mode=\"L\")\n",
    "ax[0].imshow(np.asarray(img, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('Pure C, {:d} millisecs'.format(pure_c))\n",
    "\n",
    "img = Image.open('python_numpy.png')\n",
    "ax[1].imshow(np.asarray(img, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('Pure Python, {:.0f} millisecs'.format(1000*pure_python));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Cool. We now have  a version in pure C that runs in under 200 ms. \n",
    "\n",
    "But hang on, we wanted this to be part of a whole pipeline, where we can use and reuse the functions ``mandel`` and ``create_fractal``. \n",
    "\n",
    "Note that we compiled ``libcreate_fractal.so`` which wraps our fast C function as a shared object, so maybe we can call it from Python?\n",
    "\n",
    "We have heard of four methods to interface C with Python: ctypes, CFFI, Cython, Cppyy. Let's try them out."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We will need this to tell the various systems where to find things\n",
    "if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 33:\n",
    "    arch = '32'\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    arch = '64'\n",
    "if sys.platform == 'win32':\n",
    "    dllname = './create_fractal%s.dll' % arch\n",
    "    libname = 'create_fractal%s' % arch\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    dllname = './libcreate_fractal.so'\n",
    "    libname = 'create_fractal'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#ctypes\n",
    "# First all the declarations. Each function and struct must be redefined ...\n",
    "import ctypes\n",
    "\n",
    "class CtypesImg(ctypes.Structure):\n",
    "    _fields_ = [('width', ctypes.c_int),\n",
    "                ('height', ctypes.c_int),\n",
    "                ('data', ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint8)), # HUH?\n",
    "               ]\n",
    "    array_cache = {}\n",
    "    def __init__(self, width, height):\n",
    "        self.width = width\n",
    "        self.height = height\n",
    "        # Create a class type to hold the data.\n",
    "        # Since this creates a type, cache it for reuse rather\n",
    "        # than create a new one each time\n",
    "        if width*height not in self.array_cache:\n",
    "            self.array_cache[width*height] = ctypes.c_uint8 * (width * height)\n",
    "        # Note this keeps the img.data alive in the interpreter\n",
    "        self.data = self.array_cache[width*height]() # !!!!!!\n",
    "\n",
    "    def asmemoryview(self):\n",
    "        # There must be a better way, but this code will not\n",
    "        # be timed, so explicit trumps implicit\n",
    "        ret = self.array_cache[self.width*self.height]()\n",
    "        for i in range(self.width * self.height):\n",
    "            ret[i] = self.data[i]\n",
    "        return memoryview(ret)\n",
    "\n",
    "ctypesimg = CtypesImg(width, height)\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "# Load the shared object (DLL in Windows)\n",
    "cdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(dllname)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Fish the function pointers from the shared object and define the interfaces\n",
    "create_fractal_ctypes = cdll.create_fractal\n",
    "create_fractal_ctypes.argtypes = [CtypesImg, ctypes.c_int]\n",
    "\n",
    "mandel_ctypes = cdll.mandel\n",
    "mandel_ctypes.argtypes = [ctypes.c_float, ctypes.c_float, ctypes.c_int, \n",
    "                          ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint8)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "this function takes at least 2 arguments (0 given)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# We have \"typed\" the function, it knows what to expect, so this should error\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    create_fractal_ctypes()\n",
    "except TypeError as e:\n",
    "    print(str(e))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Ctypes use\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's run this, twice. Once to call the C implementation of create_fractal, and again with\n",
    "the python implementation of [create_fractal](#The-looping-function) which calls the c-mandel function \n",
    "1.5 million times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ctypes calling create_fractal required 144.21 millisecs\n",
      "ctypes calling mandel required 2198.44 millisecs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal_ctypes(ctypesimg, 20)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "ctypes_onecall = e - s\n",
    "print('ctypes calling create_fractal required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*ctypes_onecall))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), ctypesimg.asmemoryview(), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('ctypes_fractal.png')\n",
    "\n",
    "value = (ctypes.c_uint8*1)()\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal(ctypesimg, 20, mandel_ctypes, value)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "ctypes_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('ctypes calling mandel required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*ctypes_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), ctypesimg.asmemoryview(), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('ctypes_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
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     "output_type": "display_data"
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\" 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      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1,2)\n",
    "ctypes1 = Image.open('ctypes_fractal.png')\n",
    "ctypes2 = Image.open('ctypes_mandel.png')\n",
    "ax[0].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes1, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('ctypes one call {:.2f}'.format(1000 * ctypes_onecall))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax[1].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes2, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('ctypes 1.5e6 calls {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*ctypes_mandel));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Contents of create_fractal.h\n",
      "------------\n",
      "\n",
      "typedef struct _Img{\n",
      "    int width;\n",
      "    int height;\n",
      "    unsigned char * data;\n",
      "} Img;\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "#ifdef _MSC_VER\n",
      "#define EXPORT __declspec( dllexport )\n",
      "#else\n",
      "#define EXPORT\n",
      "#endif\n",
      "EXPORT\n",
      "int create_fractal(Img img, int iters);\n",
      "EXPORT\n",
      "int mandel(float real, float imag, int max_iters, unsigned char * val);\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "---------------------\n",
      "\n",
      "Contents of cleaned up header\n",
      "-----------------\n",
      "\n",
      "typedef struct _Img{\n",
      "    int width;\n",
      "    int height;\n",
      "    unsigned char * data;\n",
      "} Img;\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "int create_fractal(Img img, int iters);\n",
      "int mandel(float real, float imag, int max_iters, unsigned char * val);\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#cffi - ABI mode (like ctypes)\n",
    "import cffi\n",
    "ffi = cffi.FFI()\n",
    "# Two stages, cdef reads the headers, then dlopen finds the functions in the shared object\n",
    "\n",
    "with open('create_fractal.h', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    cleaned = []\n",
    "    # clean up all preprocessor macros before calling this\n",
    "    print('Contents of create_fractal.h\\n------------\\n')\n",
    "    for line in fid:\n",
    "        print(line[:-1])\n",
    "        if line[0] == '#' or 'EXPORT' in line:\n",
    "            continue\n",
    "        cleaned.append(line[:-1])\n",
    "    print('\\n---------------------\\n')\n",
    "    print('Contents of cleaned up header\\n-----------------\\n')\n",
    "    print('\\n'.join(cleaned))\n",
    "ffi.cdef('\\n'.join(cleaned))\n",
    "\n",
    "dll = ffi.dlopen(dllname)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### CFFI use\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's run this, twice. Once to call the C implementation of create_fractal, and again with\n",
    "the python implementation of [create_fractal](#The-looping-function) which calls the c-mandel function \n",
    "1.5 million times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cffi calling create_fractal required 139.34 millisecs\n",
      "cffi calling mandel required 925.74 millisecs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Initializing an image looks just like C. Note two things:\n",
    "# - ffi has state, that is the point of creating an ffi object\n",
    "# - img is a \"pointer\", so we use img[0] to dereference it\n",
    "img = ffi.new('Img[1]')\n",
    "img[0].width = width\n",
    "img[0].height = height\n",
    "#img[0].data = ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,)) # NO NO NO NO\n",
    "# This is C - we must keep the pointer alive !!!\n",
    "data1 = ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,))\n",
    "img[0].data = data1\n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "dll.create_fractal(img[0], 20)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cffi_onecall = e - s\n",
    "print('cffi calling create_fractal required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000 * cffi_onecall))\n",
    "m = Image.frombuffer('L', (width, height), ffi.buffer(data1), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cffi_fractal.png')\n",
    "\n",
    "data2 = ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,))\n",
    "img[0].data = data2\n",
    "value = ffi.new('unsigned char[1]')\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal(img[0], 20, dll.mandel, value)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cffi1_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('cffi calling mandel required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cffi1_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer('L', (width, height), ffi.buffer(data2), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cffi_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "application/javascript": [
       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
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\" width=\"640\">"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1,2)\n",
    "ctypes1 = Image.open('cffi_fractal.png')\n",
    "ctypes2 = Image.open('cffi_mandel.png')\n",
    "ax[0].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes1, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('cffi one call {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cffi_onecall))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax[1].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes2, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('cffi 1.5e6 calls {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cffi1_mandel));"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "That was ABI mode (ctypes). Can we do better?\n",
    "Cffi has four [modes](https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#other-cffi-modes), based on whether or not the code is compiled, and whether the resulting module can be imported or `dlopen`ed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "generating .\\cffiAPI.c\n",
      "(already up-to-date)\n",
      "the current directory is 'c:\\\\pypy_stuff\\\\c_from_python'\n",
      "running build_ext\n",
      "building 'cffiAPI' extension\n",
      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -Ic:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\include -Ic:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\include \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\include\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\ucrt\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\shared\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\um\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\winrt\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\cppwinrt\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\include\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\ucrt\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\shared\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\um\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\winrt\" \"-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.17763.0\\cppwinrt\" /TccffiAPI.c /Fo.\\Release\\cffiAPI.obj\n",
      "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\bin\\HostX86\\x86\\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO /LIBPATH:c:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\libs /LIBPATH:c:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\PCbuild\\win32 \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\lib\\x86\" \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\lib\\10.0.17763.0\\ucrt\\x86\" \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\lib\\10.0.17763.0\\um\\x86\" \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2017\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.14.26428\\lib\\x64\" \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\lib\\10.0.17763.0\\ucrt\\x64\" \"/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\lib\\10.0.17763.0\\um\\x64\" /EXPORT:PyInit_cffiAPI .\\Release\\cffiAPI.obj /OUT:.\\cffiAPI.cp36-win32.pyd /IMPLIB:.\\Release\\cffiAPI.cp36-win32.lib\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:\\\\pypy_stuff\\\\c_from_python\\\\cffiAPI.cp36-win32.pyd'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#cffi - API mode (like cython)\n",
    "import cffi\n",
    "ffiAPI = cffi.FFI()\n",
    "# Two stages, cdef reads the headers, then compile builds the module\n",
    "\n",
    "with open('mandel.c', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    code = fid.read()\n",
    "with open('create_fractal.c', 'rt') as fid:\n",
    "    code += fid.read()\n",
    "    \n",
    "ffiAPI.cdef('\\n'.join(cleaned))\n",
    "ffiAPI.set_source('cffiAPI', code)\n",
    "ffiAPI.compile(verbose=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cffi calling create_fractal required 38.27 millisecs\n",
      "cffi calling mandel required 718.42 millisecs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import cffiAPI\n",
    "\n",
    "img = cffiAPI.ffi.new('Img[1]')\n",
    "img[0].width = width\n",
    "img[0].height = height\n",
    "#img[0].data = ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,)) # NO NO NO NO\n",
    "# This is C - we must keep the pointer alive !!!\n",
    "data1 = cffiAPI.ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,))\n",
    "img[0].data = data1\n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "cffiAPI.lib.create_fractal(img[0], 20)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cffiAPI_onecall = e - s\n",
    "print('cffi calling create_fractal required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000 * cffiAPI_onecall))\n",
    "m = Image.frombuffer('L', (width, height), ffi.buffer(data1), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cffiAPI_fractal.png')\n",
    "\n",
    "data2 = cffiAPI.ffi.new('unsigned char[%d]' % (width*height,))\n",
    "img[0].data = data2\n",
    "value = cffiAPI.ffi.new('unsigned char[1]')\n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal(img[0], 20, cffiAPI.lib.mandel, value)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cffiAPI_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('cffi calling mandel required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cffiAPI_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer('L', (width, height), ffi.buffer(data2), 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cffi_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%load_ext Cython"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Hang on, isn't Cython used for compiling python to C? \n",
    "\n",
    "Well, yes, but, in this case we already have C code from our contractor...\n",
    "So we can use Cython to call our already compiled C quickly. This allows us to compare apples to apples. We will also see how to use python in cyton later on"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<!DOCTYPE html>\n",
       "<!-- Generated by Cython 0.28.2 -->\n",
       "<html>\n",
       "<head>\n",
       "    <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n",
       "    <title>Cython: _cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c.pyx</title>\n",
       "    <style type=\"text/css\">\n",
       "    \n",
       "body.cython { font-family: courier; font-size: 12; }\n",
       "\n",
       ".cython.tag  {  }\n",
       ".cython.line { margin: 0em }\n",
       ".cython.code { font-size: 9; color: #444444; display: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px; border-left: 8px none; }\n",
       "\n",
       ".cython.line .run { background-color: #B0FFB0; }\n",
       ".cython.line .mis { background-color: #FFB0B0; }\n",
       ".cython.code.run  { border-left: 8px solid #B0FFB0; }\n",
       ".cython.code.mis  { border-left: 8px solid #FFB0B0; }\n",
       "\n",
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       "<div class=\"cython\"><pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">01</span>: </pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-8\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">02</span>: <span class=\"k\">cdef</span> <span class=\"kr\">extern</span> <span class=\"k\">from</span> <span class=\"s\">&#39;create_fractal.h&#39;</span><span class=\"p\">:</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-8 '>  __pyx_t_1 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_NewPresized</span>(0);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 2, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">03</span>:     <span class=\"k\">ctypedef</span> <span class=\"k\">struct</span> <span class=\"nc\">Img</span><span class=\"p\">:</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">04</span>:         <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">width</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">05</span>:         <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">height</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">06</span>:         <span class=\"nb\">unsigned</span> <span class=\"n\">char</span> <span class=\"o\">*</span> <span class=\"n\">data</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">07</span>: </pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">08</span>:     <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">create_fractal</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">Img</span> <span class=\"n\">img</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">iters</span><span class=\"p\">);</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">09</span>:     <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">mandel</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"nb\">float</span> <span class=\"n\">real</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"nb\">float</span> <span class=\"n\">imag</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"nb\">int</span> <span class=\"n\">max_iters</span><span class=\"p\">,</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">10</span>:                <span class=\"nb\">unsigned</span> <span class=\"n\">char</span> <span class=\"o\">*</span> <span class=\"n\">val</span><span class=\"p\">);</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">11</span>: </pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-40\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">12</span>: <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"nf\">cython_create_fractal</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">pyimg</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">iters</span><span class=\"p\">):</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-40 '>/* Python wrapper */\n",
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       "static PyMethodDef __pyx_mdef_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_1cython_create_fractal = {\"cython_create_fractal\", (PyCFunction)__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_1cython_create_fractal, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, 0};\n",
       "static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_1cython_create_fractal(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds) {\n",
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       "  Img __pyx_v_cimg;\n",
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       "  __pyx_tuple__22 = <span class='py_c_api'>PyTuple_Pack</span>(5, __pyx_n_s_pyimg, __pyx_n_s_iters, __pyx_n_s_cimg, __pyx_n_s_citers, __pyx_n_s_tmp);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_tuple__22)) __PYX_ERR(0, 12, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">13</span>:     <span class=\"k\">cdef</span> <span class=\"kt\">Img</span> <span class=\"nf\">cimg</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">14</span>:     <span class=\"k\">cdef</span> <span class=\"kt\">int</span> <span class=\"nf\">citers</span></pre>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-5 '>  __pyx_t_1 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr</span>(__pyx_v_pyimg, __pyx_n_s_data);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 15, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-7 '>  __pyx_t_3 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyInt_As_int</span>(__pyx_v_iters); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_3 == (int)-1) &amp;&amp; <span class='py_c_api'>PyErr_Occurred</span>())) <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 17, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-10 '>  __pyx_t_1 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr</span>(__pyx_v_pyimg, __pyx_n_s_width);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 18, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-10\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">19</span>:     <span class=\"n\">cimg</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">height</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"n\">pyimg</span><span class=\"o\">.</span><span class=\"n\">height</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-10 '>  __pyx_t_1 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyObject_GetAttrStr</span>(__pyx_v_pyimg, __pyx_n_s_height);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) __PYX_ERR(0, 19, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-2 '>  __pyx_t_4 = 0;\n",
       "  __pyx_t_3 = -1;\n",
       "  if (__pyx_t_4 &lt; 0) {\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-3 '>  <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_XDECREF</span>(__pyx_r);\n",
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       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">23</span>: </pre>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-75 '>static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_3cython_mandel(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds); /*proto*/\n",
       "static int __pyx_f_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_cython_mandel(float __pyx_v_real, float __pyx_v_imag, int __pyx_v_max_iters, __Pyx_memviewslice __pyx_v_val, CYTHON_UNUSED int __pyx_skip_dispatch) {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_3cython_mandel(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds); /*proto*/\n",
       "static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_3cython_mandel(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds) {\n",
       "  float __pyx_v_real;\n",
       "  float __pyx_v_imag;\n",
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       "  __Pyx_memviewslice __pyx_v_val = { 0, 0, { 0 }, { 0 }, { 0 } };\n",
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       "  <span class='refnanny'>__Pyx_RefNannyDeclarations</span>\n",
       "  <span class='refnanny'>__Pyx_RefNannySetupContext</span>(\"cython_mandel (wrapper)\", 0);\n",
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       "    PyObject* values[4] = {0,0,0,0};\n",
       "    if (unlikely(__pyx_kwds)) {\n",
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       "      switch (pos_args) {\n",
       "        case  4: values[3] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 3);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  3: values[2] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 2);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  2: values[1] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 1);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  1: values[0] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 0);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  0: break;\n",
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       "        else goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  1:\n",
       "        if (likely((values[1] = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s_imag)) != 0)) kw_args--;\n",
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       "\n",
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       "\n",
       "static PyObject *__pyx_pf_46_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c_2cython_mandel(CYTHON_UNUSED PyObject *__pyx_self, float __pyx_v_real, float __pyx_v_imag, int __pyx_v_max_iters, __Pyx_memviewslice __pyx_v_val) {\n",
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       "  __pyx_t_1 = 0;\n",
       "  goto __pyx_L0;\n",
       "\n",
       "  /* function exit code */\n",
       "  __pyx_L1_error:;\n",
       "  <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_XDECREF</span>(__pyx_t_1);\n",
       "  <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_AddTraceback</span>(\"_cython_magic_95bdf0f67f7d980128cef3f0d2496e5c.cython_mandel\", __pyx_clineno, __pyx_lineno, __pyx_filename);\n",
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       "}\n",
       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">25</span>:                         <span class=\"nb\">unsigned</span> <span class=\"n\">char</span><span class=\"p\">[::</span><span class=\"mf\">1</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"n\">val</span><span class=\"p\">):</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-2\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">26</span>:     <span class=\"k\">return</span> <span class=\"n\">mandel</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">real</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">imag</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">max_iters</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;</span><span class=\"n\">val</span><span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"mf\">0</span><span class=\"p\">])</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-2 '>  __pyx_t_1 = 0;\n",
       "  __pyx_t_2 = -1;\n",
       "  if (__pyx_t_1 &lt; 0) {\n",
       "    __pyx_t_1 += __pyx_v_val.shape[0];\n",
       "    if (unlikely(__pyx_t_1 &lt; 0)) __pyx_t_2 = 0;\n",
       "  } else if (unlikely(__pyx_t_1 &gt;= __pyx_v_val.shape[0])) __pyx_t_2 = 0;\n",
       "  if (unlikely(__pyx_t_2 != -1)) {\n",
       "    <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_RaiseBufferIndexError</span>(__pyx_t_2);\n",
       "    <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 26, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
       "  }\n",
       "  __pyx_r = mandel(__pyx_v_real, __pyx_v_imag, __pyx_v_max_iters, (&amp;(*((unsigned char *) ( /* dim=0 */ ((char *) (((unsigned char *) __pyx_v_val.data) + __pyx_t_1)) )))));\n",
       "  goto __pyx_L0;\n",
       "</pre></div></body></html>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%cython -a -I. -L. -l $libname --link-args=-Wl,-rpath=.\n",
    "\n",
    "cdef extern from 'create_fractal.h':\n",
    "    ctypedef struct Img:\n",
    "        int width\n",
    "        int height\n",
    "        unsigned char * data\n",
    "    \n",
    "    int create_fractal(Img img, int iters);\n",
    "    int mandel(float real, float imag, int max_iters,\n",
    "               unsigned char * val);\n",
    "    \n",
    "def cython_create_fractal(pyimg, iters):\n",
    "    cdef Img cimg\n",
    "    cdef int citers\n",
    "    cdef unsigned char[::1] tmp = pyimg.data\n",
    "    \n",
    "    citers = iters\n",
    "    cimg.width = pyimg.width\n",
    "    cimg.height = pyimg.height\n",
    "    cimg.data = &tmp[0]\n",
    "    return create_fractal(cimg, citers)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "cpdef int cython_mandel(float real, float imag, int max_iters,\n",
    "                        unsigned char[::1] val):\n",
    "    return mandel(real, imag, max_iters, &val[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Cython use\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's run this, twice. Once to call the C implementation of create_fractal, and again with\n",
    "the python implementation of [create_fractal](#The-looping-function) which calls the c-mandel function \n",
    "1.5 million times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cython onecall required 137.41 millisecs\n",
      "cython many calls required 916.12 millisecs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# use it, remember we have \"image\" from the pure python version \n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "cython_create_fractal(image, 20)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cython_onecall = e - s\n",
    "print('cython onecall required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cython_onecall))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cython_fractal.png')\n",
    "\n",
    "value = bytearray(1)\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal(image, 20, cython_mandel, value)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cython1_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('cython many calls required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cython1_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cython_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
       "window.mpl = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n",
       "    if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return WebSocket;\n",
       "    } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n",
       "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n",
       "              'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
       "              'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
       "              'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
       "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
       "        var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n",
       "        if (warnings) {\n",
       "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
       "            warnings.textContent = (\n",
       "                \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n",
       "                    \"Performance may be slow.\");\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.message = undefined;\n",
       "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.root = $('<div/>');\n",
       "    this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n",
       "    this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
       "\n",
       "    $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._init_header(this);\n",
       "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
       "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.waiting = false;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onopen =  function () {\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n",
       "            if (mpl.ratio != 1) {\n",
       "                fig.send_message(\"set_dpi_ratio\", {'dpi_ratio': mpl.ratio});\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n",
       "            if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n",
       "                // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
       "                // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
       "                // there is no ghosting.\n",
       "                fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "            fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
       "        };\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n",
       "        fig.ws.close();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n",
       "    var titlebar = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "        'ui-helper-clearfix\"/>');\n",
       "    var titletext = $(\n",
       "        '<div class=\"ui-dialog-title\" style=\"width: 100%; ' +\n",
       "        'text-align: center; padding: 3px;\"/>');\n",
       "    titlebar.append(titletext)\n",
       "    this.root.append(titlebar);\n",
       "    this.header = titletext[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas_div = $('<div/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n",
       "\n",
       "    function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n",
       "    this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n",
       "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n",
       "    this.root.append(canvas_div);\n",
       "\n",
       "    var canvas = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n",
       "    canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.canvas = canvas[0];\n",
       "    this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "\n",
       "    var backingStore = this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
       "\tthis.context.backingStorePixelRatio || 1;\n",
       "\n",
       "    mpl.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var rubberband = $('<canvas/>');\n",
       "    rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n",
       "\n",
       "    var pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.resizable({\n",
       "        start: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = false;\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        resize: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "        stop: function(event, ui) {\n",
       "            pass_mouse_events = true;\n",
       "            fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n",
       "        },\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n",
       "        if (pass_mouse_events)\n",
       "            return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
       "    rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "    rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n",
       "        event = event.originalEvent;\n",
       "        event['data'] = 'scroll'\n",
       "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
       "            event.step = 1;\n",
       "        } else {\n",
       "            event.step = -1;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        mouse_event_fn(event);\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(canvas);\n",
       "    canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.rubberband = rubberband;\n",
       "    this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n",
       "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n",
       "        // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n",
       "        // canvas in synch.\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('width', width)\n",
       "        canvas_div.css('height', height)\n",
       "\n",
       "        canvas.attr('width', width * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('height', height * mpl.ratio);\n",
       "        canvas.attr('style', 'width: ' + width + 'px; height: ' + height + 'px;');\n",
       "\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('width', width);\n",
       "        rubberband.attr('height', height);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n",
       "    // upon first draw.\n",
       "    this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
       "    $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n",
       "        return false;\n",
       "    });\n",
       "\n",
       "    function set_focus () {\n",
       "        canvas.focus();\n",
       "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) {\n",
       "            // put a spacer in here.\n",
       "            continue;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        var button = $('<button/>');\n",
       "        button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n",
       "                        'ui-button-icon-only');\n",
       "        button.attr('role', 'button');\n",
       "        button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "\n",
       "        var icon_img = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass(image);\n",
       "        icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n",
       "\n",
       "        var tooltip_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n",
       "        tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n",
       "\n",
       "        button.append(icon_img);\n",
       "        button.append(tooltip_span);\n",
       "\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker_span = $('<span/>');\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fmt_picker = $('<select/>');\n",
       "    fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n",
       "    fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n",
       "    nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n",
       "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
       "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
       "        var option = $(\n",
       "            '<option/>', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n",
       "        fmt_picker.append(option)\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n",
       "    $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n",
       "        function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n",
       "        function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n",
       "    );\n",
       "\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
       "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
       "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
       "    this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n",
       "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
       "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
       "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n",
       "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
       "        this.waiting = true;\n",
       "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
       "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
       "    if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n",
       "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n",
       "        fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
       "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
       "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
       "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
       "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
       "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
       "        0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
       "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
       "    switch(cursor)\n",
       "    {\n",
       "    case 0:\n",
       "        cursor = 'pointer';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 1:\n",
       "        cursor = 'default';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 2:\n",
       "        cursor = 'crosshair';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    case 3:\n",
       "        cursor = 'move';\n",
       "        break;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
       "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
       "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n",
       "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
       "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
       "            /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
       "             * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
       "             * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
       "             * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
       "            evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n",
       "\n",
       "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
       "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
       "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
       "                    fig.imageObj.src);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
       "                evt.data);\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n",
       "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
       "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
       "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
       "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
       "\n",
       "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
       "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
       "        try {\n",
       "            var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n",
       "        } catch (e) {\n",
       "            console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        }\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (callback) {\n",
       "            try {\n",
       "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
       "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
       "            } catch (e) {\n",
       "                console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    };\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n",
       "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n",
       "    //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n",
       "    var targ;\n",
       "    if (!e)\n",
       "        e = window.event;\n",
       "    if (e.target)\n",
       "        targ = e.target;\n",
       "    else if (e.srcElement)\n",
       "        targ = e.srcElement;\n",
       "    if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n",
       "        targ = targ.parentNode;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n",
       "    // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n",
       "    // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n",
       "    var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n",
       "    var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n",
       "\n",
       "    return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "/*\n",
       " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
       " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
       " * http://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
       " */\n",
       "function simpleKeys (original) {\n",
       "  return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
       "    if (typeof original[key] !== 'object')\n",
       "        obj[key] = original[key]\n",
       "    return obj;\n",
       "  }, {});\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n",
       "\n",
       "    if (name === 'button_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var x = canvas_pos.x * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "    var y = canvas_pos.y * mpl.ratio;\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n",
       "                             step: event.step,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "\n",
       "    /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
       "     * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed.  We want\n",
       "     * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n",
       "     * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
       "    event.preventDefault();\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_press')\n",
       "    {\n",
       "        if (event.which === this._key)\n",
       "            return;\n",
       "        else\n",
       "            this._key = event.which;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    if (name == 'key_release')\n",
       "        this._key = null;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var value = '';\n",
       "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n",
       "        value += \"ctrl+\";\n",
       "    if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n",
       "        value += \"alt+\";\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n",
       "        value += \"shift+\";\n",
       "\n",
       "    value += 'k';\n",
       "    value += event.which.toString();\n",
       "\n",
       "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
       "\n",
       "    this.send_message(name, {key: value,\n",
       "                             guiEvent: simpleKeys(event)});\n",
       "    return false;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n",
       "    if (name == 'download') {\n",
       "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "        this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n",
       "    }\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n",
       "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
       "};\n",
       "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to  previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n",
       "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
       "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
       "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
       "    var ws = {};\n",
       "\n",
       "    ws.close = function() {\n",
       "        comm.close()\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    ws.send = function(m) {\n",
       "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
       "        comm.send(m);\n",
       "    };\n",
       "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
       "    comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n",
       "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
       "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
       "        ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n",
       "    });\n",
       "    return ws;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n",
       "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
       "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
       "\n",
       "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
       "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
       "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
       "    var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n",
       "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n",
       "\n",
       "    function ondownload(figure, format) {\n",
       "        window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n",
       "                           ondownload,\n",
       "                           element.get(0));\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
       "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
       "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
       "\n",
       "    fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n",
       "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
       "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
       "        console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n",
       "        return;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n",
       "    var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "};\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    var width = fig.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    fig.root.unbind('remove')\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
       "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
       "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
       "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
       "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n",
       "    $(fig.parent_element).html('<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">');\n",
       "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function(fig, msg){\n",
       "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
       "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function(remove_interactive) {\n",
       "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
       "    var width = this.canvas.width/mpl.ratio\n",
       "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
       "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] = '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n",
       "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
       "    this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
       "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
       "    setTimeout(function () { fig.push_to_output() }, 1000);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n",
       "    var fig = this;\n",
       "\n",
       "    var nav_element = $('<div/>')\n",
       "    nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n",
       "    this.root.append(nav_element);\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Define a callback function for later on.\n",
       "    function toolbar_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n",
       "        return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items){\n",
       "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
       "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
       "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
       "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
       "\n",
       "        if (!name) { continue; };\n",
       "\n",
       "        var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"#\" title=\"' + name + '\"><i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i></button>');\n",
       "        button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n",
       "        button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "        nav_element.append(button);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the status bar.\n",
       "    var status_bar = $('<span class=\"mpl-message\" style=\"text-align:right; float: right;\"/>');\n",
       "    nav_element.append(status_bar);\n",
       "    this.message = status_bar[0];\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
       "    var buttongrp = $('<div class=\"btn-group inline pull-right\"></div>');\n",
       "    var button = $('<button class=\"btn btn-mini btn-primary\" href=\"#\" title=\"Stop Interaction\"><i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i></button>');\n",
       "    button.click(function (evt) { fig.handle_close(fig, {}); } );\n",
       "    button.mouseover('Stop Interaction', toolbar_mouse_event);\n",
       "    buttongrp.append(button);\n",
       "    var titlebar = this.root.find($('.ui-dialog-titlebar'));\n",
       "    titlebar.prepend(buttongrp);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    var fig = this\n",
       "    el.on(\"remove\", function(){\n",
       "\tfig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
       "    });\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(el){\n",
       "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
       "    el.attr('tabindex', 0)\n",
       "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
       "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
       "\n",
       "    // location in version 3\n",
       "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
       "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    else {\n",
       "        // location in version 2\n",
       "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n",
       "    var manager = IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "    if (!manager)\n",
       "        manager = IPython.keyboard_manager;\n",
       "\n",
       "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
       "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which == 13) {\n",
       "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
       "        event.shiftKey = false;\n",
       "        // Send a \"J\" for go to next cell\n",
       "        event.which = 74;\n",
       "        event.keyCode = 74;\n",
       "        manager.command_mode();\n",
       "        manager.handle_keydown(event);\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n",
       "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "mpl.find_output_cell = function(html_output) {\n",
       "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
       "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
       "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
       "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
       "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
       "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
       "    for (var i=0; i<ncells; i++) {\n",
       "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
       "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code'){\n",
       "            for (var j=0; j<cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
       "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
       "                if (data.data) {\n",
       "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
       "                    data = data.data;\n",
       "                }\n",
       "                if (data['text/html'] == html_output) {\n",
       "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
       "                }\n",
       "            }\n",
       "        }\n",
       "    }\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
       "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
       "if (IPython.notebook.kernel != null) {\n",
       "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target('matplotlib', mpl.mpl_figure_comm);\n",
       "}\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
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      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1,2)\n",
    "ctypes1 = Image.open('cython_fractal.png')\n",
    "ctypes2 = Image.open('cython_mandel.png')\n",
    "ax[0].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes1, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('cython one call\\n {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cython_onecall))\n",
    "ax[1].imshow(np.asarray(ctypes2, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('cython many calls\\n {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cython1_mandel))\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<div class=\"cython\"><pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">01</span>: <span class=\"c\">#cythonize the python code</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class=\"cython line score-51\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">02</span>: <span class=\"k\">def</span> <span class=\"nf\">cython_mandel2</span><span class=\"p\">(</span><span class=\"n\">x</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">y</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">max_iters</span><span class=\"p\">,</span> <span class=\"n\">value</span><span class=\"p\">):</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-51 '>/* Python wrapper */\n",
       "static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_1cython_mandel2(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds); /*proto*/\n",
       "static char __pyx_doc_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_cython_mandel2[] = \"\\n    Given the real and imaginary parts of a complex number,\\n    determine if it is a candidate for membership in the Mandelbrot\\n    set given a fixed number of iterations.\\n    \";\n",
       "static PyMethodDef __pyx_mdef_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_1cython_mandel2 = {\"cython_mandel2\", (PyCFunction)__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_1cython_mandel2, METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, __pyx_doc_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_cython_mandel2};\n",
       "static PyObject *__pyx_pw_46_cython_magic_5992dda920094aacbe84c0095f6f022c_1cython_mandel2(PyObject *__pyx_self, PyObject *__pyx_args, PyObject *__pyx_kwds) {\n",
       "  PyObject *__pyx_v_x = 0;\n",
       "  PyObject *__pyx_v_y = 0;\n",
       "  PyObject *__pyx_v_max_iters = 0;\n",
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       "  <span class='refnanny'>__Pyx_RefNannySetupContext</span>(\"cython_mandel2 (wrapper)\", 0);\n",
       "  {\n",
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       "    PyObject* values[4] = {0,0,0,0};\n",
       "    if (unlikely(__pyx_kwds)) {\n",
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       "      switch (pos_args) {\n",
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       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  3: values[2] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 2);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  2: values[1] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 1);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  1: values[0] = <span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_ITEM</span>(__pyx_args, 0);\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  0: break;\n",
       "        default: goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;\n",
       "      }\n",
       "      kw_args = <span class='py_c_api'>PyDict_Size</span>(__pyx_kwds);\n",
       "      switch (pos_args) {\n",
       "        case  0:\n",
       "        if (likely((values[0] = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s_x)) != 0)) kw_args--;\n",
       "        else goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  1:\n",
       "        if (likely((values[1] = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s_y)) != 0)) kw_args--;\n",
       "        else {\n",
       "          <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid</span>(\"cython_mandel2\", 1, 4, 4, 1); <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 2, __pyx_L3_error)</span>\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  2:\n",
       "        if (likely((values[2] = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s_max_iters)) != 0)) kw_args--;\n",
       "        else {\n",
       "          <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid</span>(\"cython_mandel2\", 1, 4, 4, 2); <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 2, __pyx_L3_error)</span>\n",
       "        }\n",
       "        CYTHON_FALLTHROUGH;\n",
       "        case  3:\n",
       "        if (likely((values[3] = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyDict_GetItemStr</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_n_s_value)) != 0)) kw_args--;\n",
       "        else {\n",
       "          <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_RaiseArgtupleInvalid</span>(\"cython_mandel2\", 1, 4, 4, 3); <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 2, __pyx_L3_error)</span>\n",
       "        }\n",
       "      }\n",
       "      if (unlikely(kw_args &gt; 0)) {\n",
       "        if (unlikely(<span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_ParseOptionalKeywords</span>(__pyx_kwds, __pyx_pyargnames, 0, values, pos_args, \"cython_mandel2\") &lt; 0)) <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 2, __pyx_L3_error)</span>\n",
       "      }\n",
       "    } else if (<span class='py_macro_api'>PyTuple_GET_SIZE</span>(__pyx_args) != 4) {\n",
       "      goto __pyx_L5_argtuple_error;\n",
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       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">04</span>: <span class=\"sd\">    Given the real and imaginary parts of a complex number,</span></pre>\n",
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       "<pre class=\"cython line score-0\">&#xA0;<span class=\"\">07</span>: <span class=\"sd\">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span></pre>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-0 '>  __pyx_v_i = 0;\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-0 '>  __pyx_v_z = __pyx_t_double_complex_from_parts(0, 0.0);\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-7 '>  __pyx_t_4 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyInt_As_long</span>(__pyx_v_max_iters); if (unlikely((__pyx_t_4 == (long)-1) &amp;&amp; <span class='py_c_api'>PyErr_Occurred</span>())) <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 11, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-0 '>    __pyx_v_z = __Pyx_c_sum_double(__Pyx_c_prod_double(__pyx_v_z, __pyx_v_z), __pyx_v_c);\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-4 '>    __pyx_t_7 = ((((<span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_CREAL</span>(__pyx_v_z) * <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_CREAL</span>(__pyx_v_z)) + (<span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_CIMAG</span>(__pyx_v_z) * <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_CIMAG</span>(__pyx_v_z))) &gt;= 4.0) != 0);\n",
       "    if (__pyx_t_7) {\n",
       "/* … */\n",
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       "  }\n",
       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-5\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">14</span>:             <span class=\"n\">value</span><span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"mf\">0</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"n\">i</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-5 '>      __pyx_t_2 = <span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_PyInt_From_int</span>(__pyx_v_i);<span class='error_goto'> if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 14, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
       "      <span class='refnanny'>__Pyx_GOTREF</span>(__pyx_t_2);\n",
       "      if (unlikely(<span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_SetItemInt</span>(__pyx_v_value, 0, __pyx_t_2, long, 1, __Pyx_PyInt_From_long, 0, 0, 1) &lt; 0)) <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 14, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-2\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">15</span>:             <span class=\"k\">return</span> <span class=\"mf\">0</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-2 '>      <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_XDECREF</span>(__pyx_r);\n",
       "      <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_INCREF</span>(__pyx_int_0);\n",
       "      __pyx_r = __pyx_int_0;\n",
       "      goto __pyx_L0;\n",
       "</pre><pre class=\"cython line score-2\" onclick=\"(function(s){s.display=s.display==='block'?'none':'block'})(this.nextElementSibling.style)\">+<span class=\"\">16</span>:     <span class=\"n\">value</span><span class=\"p\">[</span><span class=\"mf\">0</span><span class=\"p\">]</span> <span class=\"o\">=</span> <span class=\"n\">max_iters</span></pre>\n",
       "<pre class='cython code score-2 '>  if (unlikely(<span class='pyx_c_api'>__Pyx_SetItemInt</span>(__pyx_v_value, 0, __pyx_v_max_iters, long, 1, __Pyx_PyInt_From_long, 0, 0, 1) &lt; 0)) <span class='error_goto'>__PYX_ERR(0, 16, __pyx_L1_error)</span>\n",
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       "<pre class='cython code score-2 '>  <span class='pyx_macro_api'>__Pyx_XDECREF</span>(__pyx_r);\n",
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       "  __pyx_r = __pyx_v_max_iters;\n",
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       "</pre></div></body></html>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%cython -a -f\n",
    "#cythonize the python code\n",
    "def cython_mandel2(x, y, max_iters, value):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Given the real and imaginary parts of a complex number,\n",
    "    determine if it is a candidate for membership in the Mandelbrot\n",
    "    set given a fixed number of iterations.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    cdef int i = 0\n",
    "    cdef complex c = complex(x,y)\n",
    "    cdef complex z = 0.0j\n",
    "    for i in range(max_iters):\n",
    "        z = z*z + c\n",
    "        if (z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag) >= 4:\n",
    "            value[0] = i\n",
    "            return 0\n",
    "    value[0] = max_iters\n",
    "    return max_iters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cython many calls required 669.64 millisecs\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = timer()\n",
    "create_fractal(image, 20, cython_mandel2, value)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cython2_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('cython many calls required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cython2_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cython_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### What happened?\n",
    "\n",
    "Is this faster than using C?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# CPPYY\n",
    "\n",
    "Cppyy is a run-time bindings generator for C++ that works on both CPython and PyPy. It requirese VS2019 and up on windows.\n",
    "It is vastly overkill for calling into simple C code as in this example,\n",
    "but if the vendor provided you with a complex C++ API, especially one that uses\n",
    "templates and modern C++ features, it will handle that, too, with ease.\n",
    "\n",
    "To install cppyy, run 'pip install cppyy'. As it uses a custom version of LLVM,\n",
    "it needs to install a binary package that wraps LLVM. One is available already on Linux and Mac OS but for Windows this needs to compile LLVM from source. Once built, the package\n",
    "will be cached as a binary wheel, and installation will be fast."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(Re-)building pre-compiled headers (options: -O2); this may take a minute ...\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "c:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\lib\\site-packages\\cppyy_backend\\loader.py:111: UserWarning: No precompiled header available (failed to build); this may impact performance.\n",
      "  warnings.warn('No precompiled header available (%s); this may impact performance.' % msg)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'TInterpreter' object has no attribute 'AddIncludePath'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-66-db3e15cb6577>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcppyy\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# The following assumes that the shared library has already been created (e.g.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# for the cffi example above); otherwise cppyy can compile the C code on-the-fly,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# using cppdef() as in the example below.\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\lib\\site-packages\\cppyy\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    164\u001b[0m \u001b[0mapipath\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0msysconfig\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_path\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'include'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'posix_prefix'\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'posix'\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m \u001b[0mos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    165\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexists\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapipath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 166\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[0madd_include_path\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapipath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    167\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mispypy\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    168\u001b[0m   \u001b[1;31m# possibly structured without 'pythonx.y' in path\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\pypy_stuff\\Anaconda3_v5.2\\lib\\site-packages\\cppyy\\__init__.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36madd_include_path\u001b[1;34m(path)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    159\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0misdir\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    160\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOSError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"no such directory: %s\"\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m%\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 161\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[0mgbl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgInterpreter\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mAddIncludePath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    162\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    163\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# add access to Python C-API headers\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'TInterpreter' object has no attribute 'AddIncludePath'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import cppyy\n",
    "\n",
    "# The following assumes that the shared library has already been created (e.g.\n",
    "# for the cffi example above); otherwise cppyy can compile the C code on-the-fly,\n",
    "# using cppdef() as in the example below.\n",
    "cppyy.c_include(\"create_fractal.h\")\n",
    "cppyy.load_library(dllname)\n",
    "\n",
    "# For convenience, create a C++ class from the C struct to manage the memory.\n",
    "# Alternatively, assign a Python array from module array or a NumPy array (the\n",
    "# C++ side will get a non-owning view on assignment.)\n",
    "if not hasattr(cppyy.gbl, 'cppImg'):\n",
    "    cppyy.cppdef(\"\"\"\n",
    "    struct cppImg : public Img {\n",
    "        cppImg(int w, int h) : Img{w, h, new unsigned char[w*h]} {}\n",
    "        ~cppImg() { delete [] data; }\n",
    "        cppImg(const cppImg&) = delete;\n",
    "        cppImg& operator=(const cppImg&) = delete;\n",
    "    };\"\"\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Cppyy use\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's run this, twice. Once to call the C implementation of create_fractal, and again with\n",
    "the python implementation of [create_fractal](#The-looping-function) which calls the c-mandel function \n",
    "1.5 million times"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cppyy_image = cppyy.gbl.cppImg(width, height)\n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "ret = cppyy.gbl.create_fractal(cppyy_image, 20)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "if ret < 0:\n",
    "    print('bad ret value from create_fractal')\n",
    "cppyy_onecall = e - s\n",
    "print('cppyy calling create_fractal required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cppyy_onecall))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cppyy_fractal.png')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def create_fractal(image, iters, func, oneval):\n",
    "    ''' Call a function for each pixel in the image, where\n",
    "        -2 < real < 1 over the columns and\n",
    "        -1 < imag < 1 over the rows\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    pixel_size_x = 3.0 / image.width\n",
    "    pixel_size_y = 2.0 / image.height\n",
    "    image_data = image.data   # performance hack (not needed on PyPy)\n",
    "    for y in range(image.height):\n",
    "        imag = y * pixel_size_y - 1\n",
    "        yy = y * image.width\n",
    "        for x in range(image.width):\n",
    "            real = x * pixel_size_x - 2\n",
    "            ret = func(real, imag, iters, oneval) # <---- HERE is the real work\n",
    "            if ret < 0:\n",
    "                return ret\n",
    "            image_data[yy + x] = oneval[0]\n",
    "    return sum\n",
    "\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "oneval = bytearray(1)\n",
    "create_fractal(cppyy_image, 20, cppyy.gbl.mandel, oneval)\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "cppyy_mandel = e - s\n",
    "print('cppyy many calls required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cppyy_mandel))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer(\"L\", (width, height), image.data, \"raw\", \"L\", 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('cppyy_mandel.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1,2)\n",
    "cppyy1 = Image.open('cppyy_fractal.png')\n",
    "cppyy2 = Image.open('cppyy_mandel.png')\n",
    "ax[0].imshow(np.asarray(cppyy1, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[0].set_title('cppyy one call\\n {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cppyy_onecall))\n",
    "\n",
    "ax[1].imshow(np.asarray(cppyy2, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax[1].set_title('cppyy many calls\\n {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*cppyy_mandel))\n",
    "fig.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now let's try and work out who is the good, who the bad"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>time in ms</th>\n",
       "      <th>CreateFractal in Python</th>\n",
       "      <th>CreateFractal in C</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Python</td>\n",
       "      <td>5361.09 millisecs</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>82.00 millisecs</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>ctypes</td>\n",
       "      <td>2198.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>cffi - ABI</td>\n",
       "      <td>925.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>139.34</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>cffi - API</td>\n",
       "      <td>718.42</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>cython - c</td>\n",
       "      <td>916.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>137.41</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>cython - python</td>\n",
       "      <td>669.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>137.41</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        time in ms  CreateFractal in Python  CreateFractal in C\n",
       "0           Python        5361.09 millisecs                    \n",
       "1           C                                   82.00 millisecs\n",
       "2           ctypes                  2198.44              144.21\n",
       "3       cffi - ABI                   925.74              139.34\n",
       "4       cffi - API                   718.42               38.27\n",
       "5       cython - c                   916.12              137.41\n",
       "6  cython - python                   669.64              137.41"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "data = [\n",
    " ['Python',          '{:13.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*pure_python), ''],\n",
    " ['C     ',          '', '{:8.2f} millisecs'.format(pure_c)],\n",
    " ['ctypes',          '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*ctypes_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*ctypes_onecall)],\n",
    " ['cffi - ABI',      '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*cffi1_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*cffi_onecall)],\n",
    " ['cffi - API',      '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*cffiAPI_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*cffiAPI_onecall)],\n",
    " ['cython - c',      '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*cython1_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*cython_onecall)],\n",
    " ['cython - python', '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*cython2_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*cython_onecall)],\n",
    " #['cppyy ',          '{:13.2f}'.format(1000*cppyy_mandel), '{:8.2f}'.format(1000*cppyy_onecall)],\n",
    "    \n",
    "]\n",
    "pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['time in ms', 'CreateFractal in Python', 'CreateFractal in C'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Things to think about, besides speed:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Maintainability\n",
    "  - What happens when the C code changes?\n",
    "* Compiler dependency\n",
    "  - ctypes needs none, Cython requires one, CFFI can go either way\n",
    "  - cppyy includes the LLVM backend (which is why it is ~50 MB)\n",
    "* Susceptibility to bugs (object lifetimes, signature mismatches)\n",
    "  - All use a minilanguage for interfacing, only CFFI's is standard C\n",
    "  - Cython will handle most transformations automatically\n",
    "  - CFFI can be tricky for C-level pointers\n",
    "  - Cppyy is young but leverages LLVM\n",
    "* Speed and productivity\n",
    "  - Cython is heavily optimized, tightly integrated to the Python C-API\n",
    "  - If the headers are pure C, CFFI should be simple\n",
    "  - Projects exist to generate wrappers\n",
    "* Which technology is actively maintained (ctypes went into the stdlib to die)?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " ---  \n",
    " ---  \n",
    " ---  \n",
    " ---  \n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And now the pop quiz. If we run the pure python version in PyPy what time will we get?:\n",
    "\n",
    "* Around a 2X speed up compared to CPython\n",
    "* About like Cython or CFFI calling mandel 1.5e6 times\n",
    "* About like C compiled -O3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Couldn't find program: 'pypy'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%script pypy\n",
    "from __future__ import print_function, division\n",
    "import sys\n",
    "print(sys.executable)\n",
    "print(sys.version)\n",
    "from timeit import default_timer as timer\n",
    "\n",
    "from PIL import Image\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "class Img(object):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, width, height):\n",
    "        self.width = width\n",
    "        self.height = height\n",
    "        self.data = bytearray(width*height)\n",
    "\n",
    "def create_fractal(image, iters, func, oneval):\n",
    "    ''' Call a function for each pixel in the image, where\n",
    "        -2 < real < 1 over the columns and\n",
    "        -1 < imag < 1 over the rows\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    pixel_size_x = 3.0 / image.width\n",
    "    pixel_size_y = 2.0 / image.height\n",
    "    for y in range(image.height):\n",
    "        imag = y * pixel_size_y - 1\n",
    "        yy = y * image.width\n",
    "        for x in range(image.width):\n",
    "            real = x * pixel_size_x - 2\n",
    "            func(real, imag, iters, oneval)\n",
    "            image.data[yy + x] = oneval[0]\n",
    "\n",
    "def mandel(x, y, max_iters, value):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Given the real and imaginary parts of a complex number,\n",
    "    determine if it is a candidate for membership in the Mandelbrot\n",
    "    set given a fixed number of iterations.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    i = 0\n",
    "    c = complex(x,y)\n",
    "    z = 0.0j\n",
    "    for i in range(max_iters):\n",
    "        z = z*z + c\n",
    "        if (z.real*z.real + z.imag*z.imag) >= 4:\n",
    "            value[0] = i\n",
    "            return 0\n",
    "    value[0] = max_iters\n",
    "    return max_iters\n",
    "\n",
    "# Pure python\n",
    "width = 1500\n",
    "height = 1000\n",
    "image = Img(width, height)\n",
    "s = timer()\n",
    "oneval = bytearray(1)\n",
    "create_fractal(image, 20, mandel, oneval) # < --- HERE IS THE CALL\n",
    "e = timer()\n",
    "pure_pypy = e - s\n",
    "print('pure pypy required {:.2f} millisecs'.format(1000*pure_pypy))\n",
    "im = Image.frombuffer('L', (1500, 1000), image.data, 'raw', 'L', 0, 1)\n",
    "im.save('pypyy.png')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = subplots(1)\n",
    "ctypes1 = Image.open('pypyy.png')\n",
    "ax.imshow(np.asarray(ctypes1, dtype='uint8'))\n",
    "ax.set_title('pure pypy');"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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