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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>Feed me back now:</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel & Tiffany Timbers" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="xaringan-themer.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="slides-style.css" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
# Feed me back now:
## Tales of automated feedback <br> in R and Python
### Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel & Tiffany Timbers
### eCOTS 2020 / 2020-05-20 <br><br> 🔗 <a href="https://bit.ly/feed-me-back">bit.ly/feed-me-back</a>
---
background-image: url(images/robots-background.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
## Assumed background
---
background-image: url(images/robots-what-why.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle, inverse
# Automated feedback:
# what and why?
---
## The what and the why
--
.pull-left[
.center[
.huge[👉] <br>
.large[**Nudging**] <br>
students towards the right answer, especially in formative assessments
]
]
--
.pull-right[
.center[
.huge[➕] <br>
.large[**Scaling**] <br>
up efficiency of grading faster than (human) resources
]
]
---
.sample-question[
Suppose 10 means from a simulated sampling distribution is stored in a vector called `means`.
```r
means
```
```
## [1] -1.21 0.28 1.08 -2.35 0.43 0.51 -0.57 -0.55 -0.56 -0.89
```
What is the value of the first mean?
]
--
<br>
.pull-left-wide[
.sample-answer[
```r
mean[1]
```
```
## Error in mean[1]: object of type 'closure' is not subsettable
```
]
]
--
.pull-right-narrow[
<img src="images/student.png" style="display: block; margin: auto 0 auto auto;" />
]
---
## Nudging
.hand-blue[Not all feedback is useful, at least not for beginners...]
<br>
Providing helpful feedback can help them nudge them towards success:
```r
mean[1]
```
```
## x `mean` is a function and a function doesn't have elements that can be subsetted with square brackets.
```
```
## ℹ `means` is the vector of sample means calculated earlier.
```
---
.sample-question[
Visualise the relationship between city and highway mileage of cars from the `mpg` dataset, conditional on year of manufacture.
]
--
<br>
.sample-answer[
There is a strong, positive, linear relationship between the city and highway mileage of cars. Year does not seem to be related to either variable.
```r
ggplot(mpg,aes(x = hwy, y = cty, fill=year)) +geom_point()+geom_smooth()
```
<img src="feed_me_back_now_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png" width="70%" />
]
---
class: middle
.pull-left-wide[
.sample-feedback[
- You mention a linear relationship, however your plot uses a loess fit to visualise the relationship between city and highway mileage. Also, the plot displays the uncertainty around the fit, but you haven't addressed it in your narrative.
- Year should be mapped to the `color` aesthetic, not `fill`.
- Plot styling: Use informative axis labels, noting units of measurement. Also, give an informative title to your plot.
- Code styling: Use consistent spacing around operators (e.g ` = `) and line breaks after `+` in each layer of your ggplot.
]
]
.pull-right-narrow[
<img src="images/teacher.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Scaling
.hand-blue[Our courses are growing, and that's a good thing, right?]
--
- Students turning in their work as R Markdown documents makes collecting submissions including code and narrative straightforward.
--
- Providing feedback on both the code and narrative is not scalable unless (human) resources dedicated to your course grow proportionally with enrolments.
---
background-image: url(images/robots-options.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle, inverse
# Options for
# automated feedback
# in R and Python
---
background-image: url(images/robot-r.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
## learnr / gradethis
---
## learnr
- **learnr** is an R package that makes it easy to create interactive tutorials from R Markdown documents.
- Tutorials can include:
- Narrative, figures, illustrations, and equations
- Code exercises (R code chunks that users can edit and execute directly)
- Multiple choice questions
- Videos (YouTube, Vimeo)
- Interactive Shiny components
---
background-image: url(images/learnr-first-look.png)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
---
## gradethis
Companion to the learnr package, **gradethis** provides multiple methods to grade learnr exercises:
- `grade_code()`: Grade code against a solution
- `grade_conditions()`: Grade all specified conditions
- `grade_result()`: Grade result of exercise code
---
background-image: url(images/robots-demo.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
### Demo: learnr / gradethis
[**`[tutorial]`**](https://minecr.shinyapps.io/nobel-laureates-learnr)
[**`[code]`**](https://github.com/mine-cetinkaya-rundel/feed-me-back/blob/master/examples/01-learnr-gradethis/nobel-laureates-learnr.Rmd)
---
background-image: url(images/robot-r.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
## R Markdown / GitHub Actions
---
## R Markdown
<img src="images/rmarkdown.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## GitHub
<img src="images/github-repo.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
background-image: url(images/github-actions.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
## GitHub Actions
Cause-and-effect automation tool for orchestrating workflows based on any event (e.g. student pushing their work to repo, deadline passing, etc.) on GitHub.
---
## Workflow
- Each assignment is a *private* repository on GitHub created by the instructor with appropriate permissions given to individual students
--
- At the beginning of the assignment, instructor places
- template R Markdown document for students to fill in and
- workflow files that outline when GitHub actions should be run and what they should check
- badges to inform students of the status of these checkes
--
- Students get feedback as they work on the assignment or after the deadline
---
background-image: url(images/robots-demo.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
### Demo: R Markdown / GitHub Actions
[**`[repo]`**](https://github.com/ghclass-demo/nobel-laureates)
[**`[actions]`**](https://github.com/ghclass-demo/nobel-laureates/tree/master/.github/workflows)
---
background-image: url(images/robot-r-python.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
## Jupyter / nbgrader
---
## What is Jupyter?
.pull-left[
<img src="images/jupyter-r.png" width="150%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-right[
<img src="images/r-python.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Tests as automated feedback
<img src="images/tests-as-feedback.png" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Autograding via nbgrader
<img src="images/grading.png" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Autograding via nbgrader
<img src="images/grades_as_csv.png" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Autograding via nbgrader
.pull-left[
<img src="images/feedback-forms.png" width="130%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-right[
<img src="images/feedback-forms2.png" width="130%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
background-image: url(images/robots-demo.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
## Demo: Jupyter + nbgrader with R
[**`[R notebook]`**](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/ttimbers/jupyter-demo/master?filepath=jupyter-nbgrader-r%2Frelease%2Fworksheet_01_r%2Fworksheet_01_r.ipynb)
[**`[R code]`**](https://github.com/mine-cetinkaya-rundel/feed-me-back/tree/master/examples/03-jupyter-nbgrader-r)
---
background-image: url(images/robots-demo.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
class: middle
## Demo: Jupyter + nbgrader with Python
[**`[Python notebook]`**](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/ttimbers/jupyter-demo/master?filepath=jupyter-nbgrader-python%2Frelease%2Fworksheet_01_python%2Fworksheet_01_python.ipynb)
[**`[Python code]`**](https://github.com/mine-cetinkaya-rundel/feed-me-back/tree/master/examples/04-jupyter-nbgrader-python)
---
class: middle, inverse
# Closing thoughts
---
## Best practices for automated feedback
--
- Measure twice, cut once (verify the correctness of your tests) 📏📏 ✂️
--
- Use rounding & type coercion to write robust tests 💪
--
- Use hashing to hide solutions for visible tests 🕵️
--
- Test your tests on the students compute environment 💻
--
- Abstract your tests to a script that is sourced/imported into the students literate code document 📁
--
- Don't give automated feedback on everything 🙈
--
- Consider peer feedback where automated feedback is not feasible (e.g. interpretation, narrative) but scalability is an issue 👯
---
background-image: url(images/robots-faq.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
## FAQ: learnr / gradethis
---
.large[
.hand-blue[Q: What is an approachable way to get started?]
]
Build a tutorial where students build develop their analysis in exercise code
chunks (that are not checked) and only multiple choice questions are used for
assessment. [**`[example]`**](https://minecr.shinyapps.io/04-wrangleviz)
<img src="images/learnr-simple.png" width="85%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
.large[
.hand-blue[Q: Is it possible to record student data?]
]
Yes, though not trivial, at this point. See [recording events](https://rstudio.github.io/learnr/publishing.html#Recording_Events) section on the learnr documentation and the [**submitter**](https://github.com/dtkaplan/submitr) package by Danny Kaplan.
A solution that may be "good enough" for formative exercises: embed a
Google/Microsoft/etc. Form at the end and ask students to "sign in" their work.
**Tip:** Add a free-text question to this form where students reflect on the
exercises they just completed, and you can easily capture and analyze. [**`[example]`**](https://minecr.shinyapps.io/04-wrangleviz/#section-finish-up)
<img src="images/learnr-logging.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
.large[
.hand-blue[Q: I've built simple tutorials already. How do I make the jump to code checking and providing automated feedback that is actually useful?]
]
- Replicate `gradethis::gradethis_demo()`, then make incremental changes
- Read the [Testing](https://r-pkgs.org/tests.html#test-tests) chapter in R Packages (Wickham and Bryan)
- Also read the [Metaprogramming](https://adv-r.hadley.nz/metaprogramming.html) section in Advanced R (Wickham)
<img src="images/learnr-learn-more.jpeg" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
background-image: url(images/robots-faq.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
## FAQ: R Markdown / GitHub Actions
---
.large[
.hand-blue[Q: How can I get started with having my students use Git and GitHub to manage and collaborate on their work?]
]
- Read the [get started](https://rundel.github.io/ghclass/articles/ghclass.html) guide on the **ghclass** package website
- Test out [ghclass](https://rundel.github.io/ghclass/index.html), an R package for managing a GitHub class organisation
<img src="images/ghclass.png" width="85%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
.large[
.hand-blue[Q: Can I see more GitHub actions in action?]
]
.pull-left[
We're collecting examples of GitHub actions useful for checking data science assignments at [github.com/rundel/ghclass-actions](https://github.com/rundel/ghclass-actions).
]
.pull-right[
<img src="images/ghclass-actions.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Resources
- learnr / gradethis:
- Package documentation: [learnr](https://rstudio.github.io/learnr), [gradethis](https://rstudio-education.github.io/gradethis/)
- CAUSE Webinar: [Interactive R tutorials with learnr](https://www.causeweb.org/cause/webinar/teaching/2018-05) (May 2018)
- [Source code for RStudio Primers](https://github.com/rstudio-education/primers)
- learnr for remote teaching: [Blog post](https://education.rstudio.com/blog/2020/05/learnr-for-remote/) + [sample tutorial](https://allisonhorst.shinyapps.io/missingexplorer/) featuring custom styling by Allison Horst
- R Markdown / GitHub actions:
- Still not using R Markdown in your courses? [R Markdown: Integrating A Reproducible Analysis Tool into Introductory Statistics](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90b2f5xh) (Baumer et al., 2014)
- Need Git convincing? [Infrastructure and Tools for Teaching Computing Throughout the Statistical Curriculum](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00031305.2017.1397549) (Çetinkaya-Rundel and Rundel, 2017) and [Implementing version control with Git as a learning objective in statistics courses](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.01988) (Beckman et al., 2020)
- ghclass resources: [package documentation](https://rundel.github.io/ghclass/index.html), [sample actions](https://github.com/rundel/ghclass-actions)
- Jupyter / nbgrader:
- [nbgrader documentation](https://nbgrader.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
- [Examples of R Jupyter notebooks with automated feedback from UBC's DSCI 100 course](https://github.com/UBC-DSCI/dsci-100-assets/tree/master/2019-spring/materials)
- [Examples of Python Jupyter notebooks with automated feedback from Berkley's data8 course](https://github.com/data-8/data8assets/tree/gh-pages/materials/su17/lab)
---
background-image: url(images/robots-last.jpeg)
background-position: center
background-repeat: no-repeat
background-size: contain
.pull-left[
### Mine Çetinkaya-Rundel
.large[
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> [email protected]
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg> minebocek
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg> mine-cetinkaya-rundel
]
]
.pull-right[
## Tiffany Timbers
.large[
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> [email protected]
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg> TiffanyTimbers
<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#0F4C81;" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg> ttimbers
]
]
<br><br>
.center[
## 🔗 [bit.ly/feed-me-back](https://bit.ly/feed-me-back)
]
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