diff --git a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/auth/provider/JwtTokenProvider.java b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/auth/provider/JwtTokenProvider.java
index acc26266..b51bdb06 100644
--- a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/auth/provider/JwtTokenProvider.java
+++ b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/application/auth/provider/JwtTokenProvider.java
@@ -106,9 +106,15 @@ protected Claims validateAndParseToken(final String token) {
             }
 
             if (claims.getExpiration().toInstant().isBefore(new Date().toInstant())) {
-                throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.EXPIRED_TOKEN);
+                throw new ExpiredJwtException(
+                        null,
+                        claims,
+                        "JWT 토큰이 만료되었습니다."
+                );
             }
             return claims;
+        } catch (ExpiredJwtException exception) {
+            throw exception;
         } catch (JwtException | IllegalArgumentException exception) {
             throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN_TYPE);
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenExceptionFilter.java b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenExceptionFilter.java
index 8b6911e1..7a3e38ee 100644
--- a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenExceptionFilter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenExceptionFilter.java
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 package life.mosu.mosuserver.global.filter;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
 import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
 import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.exception.CustomRuntimeException;
+import life.mosu.mosuserver.global.exception.ErrorResponse;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
 
@@ -14,6 +19,8 @@
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class TokenExceptionFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
 
+    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;
+
     @Override
     protected void doFilterInternal(
             final HttpServletRequest request,
@@ -22,11 +29,43 @@ protected void doFilterInternal(
     ) throws ServletException, IOException {
         try {
             filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
-        } catch (CustomRuntimeException exception) {
-            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
-            response.setContentType("application/json");
+        } catch (CustomRuntimeException ex) {
+
+            ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
+                    .status(ex.getStatus().value())
+                    .message(ex.getMessage())
+                    .code(ex.getCode())
+                    .build();
+
+            response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
+            response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
+            response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+            objectMapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(), errorResponse);
+        } catch (ExpiredJwtException ex) {
+            ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
+                    .status(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE.value())
+                    .message("토큰이 만료되었습니다.")
+                    .code("TOKEN_EXPIRED")
+                    .build();
+
+            response.setStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE.value());
+            response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
             response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
-            response.sendError(exception.getStatus().value(), exception.getMessage());
+
+            objectMapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(), errorResponse);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
+                    .status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value())
+                    .message("서버 오류가 발생했습니다.")
+                    .code("INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR")
+                    .build();
+
+            response.setStatus(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value());
+            response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
+            response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+
+            objectMapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(), errorResponse);
         }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenFilter.java b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenFilter.java
index 1ff63eb9..735fa7f8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenFilter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/life/mosu/mosuserver/global/filter/TokenFilter.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package life.mosu.mosuserver.global.filter;
 
+import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
 import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
 import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@@ -105,9 +106,12 @@ protected void doFilterInternal(
 
         try {
             setAuthentication(accessToken);
+        } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
+            log.error("액세스 토큰 만료: {}", e.getMessage());
+            throw e;
         } catch (CustomRuntimeException e) {
-            log.error("액세스 토큰 인증 실패: {}", e.getMessage());
-            throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN);
+            log.error("유효하지 않은 토큰 인증 실패: {}", e.getMessage());
+            throw e;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             log.error("액세스 토큰 인증 실패: {}", e.getMessage());
             throw new RuntimeException("액세스 토큰 인증 중 예외 발생", e);
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ private void reissueToken(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse respon
             throws IOException {
         final TokenCookies tokenCookies = tokenResolver.resolveTokens(request);
         if (!tokenCookies.availableReissue()) {
-            throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.EXPIRED_REFRESH_TOKEN);
+            throw new CustomRuntimeException(ErrorCode.NOT_FOUND_TOKEN);
         }
 
         Token newToken = authTokenManager.reissueToken(tokenCookies);