housing-prediction.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "Risqf6eVkzzl"
   },
   "source": [
    "# Housing Price Prediction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The goal of this project is to predict house prices based on 81 features as a part of Kaggle Competition. The dataset used for this competition can be found here.\n",
    "\n",
    "https://www.kaggle.com/c/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `1` Preprocessing "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### `1.1` Importing useful libraries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "PJ0M5jaBk3Q2"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# importing libraries\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import seaborn as sns \n",
    "from scipy import stats\n",
    "from scipy.special import boxcox1p\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder\n",
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
    "\n",
    "import xgboost as xgb\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso\n",
    "from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectFromModel\n",
    "from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest,f_regression\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import KFold\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score\n",
    "from sklearn.feature_selection import RFECV\n",
    "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor\n",
    "from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "nPa8G2pAlD53"
   },
   "source": [
    "### `1.2`  Importing Dataset\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "X-u8h7c5k7uY"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# importing the data\n",
    "\n",
    "train = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/Kaggle Data Nomads/Project 1_house prices/train.csv')\n",
    "test = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/Kaggle Data Nomads/Project 1_house prices/test.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 430
    },
    "id": "snxoHLHK1xsM",
    "outputId": "42b78e2c-8128-436b-f78f-a5e8f07cbaf1"
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Id</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>Street</th>\n",
       "      <th>Alley</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearRemodAdd</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual</th>\n",
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       "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
       "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
       "      <th>1stFlrSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
       "      <th>Functional</th>\n",
       "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageYrBlt</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>PavedDrive</th>\n",
       "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>3SsnPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>PoolQC</th>\n",
       "      <th>Fence</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscFeature</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
       "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>YrSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
       "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8450</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>CollgCr</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
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       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
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       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>196.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
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       "      <td>150</td>\n",
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       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
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       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1976</td>\n",
       "      <td>1976</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>162.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mn</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>486</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>434</td>\n",
       "      <td>920</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
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       "      <td>866</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1786</td>\n",
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       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>608</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
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       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1915</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wd Sdng</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wd Shng</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkTil</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>756</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Detchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998.0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>3</td>\n",
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       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>272</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abnorml</td>\n",
       "      <td>140000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14260</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>FR2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>NoRidge</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>350.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Av</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>655</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>490</td>\n",
       "      <td>1145</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1145</td>\n",
       "      <td>1053</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2198</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>836</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>250000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1455</th>\n",
       "      <td>1456</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7917</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gilbert</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>953</td>\n",
       "      <td>953</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>953</td>\n",
       "      <td>694</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1647</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>460</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>175000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1456</th>\n",
       "      <td>1457</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13175</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>NWAmes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1978</td>\n",
       "      <td>1988</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Plywood</td>\n",
       "      <td>Plywood</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stone</td>\n",
       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>790</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rec</td>\n",
       "      <td>163</td>\n",
       "      <td>589</td>\n",
       "      <td>1542</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>2073</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2073</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Min1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1978.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MnPrv</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>210000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1457</th>\n",
       "      <td>1458</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9042</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crawfor</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1941</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>CemntBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>CmentBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stone</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>275</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>877</td>\n",
       "      <td>1152</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1188</td>\n",
       "      <td>1152</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2340</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1941.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>252</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>GdPrv</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shed</td>\n",
       "      <td>2500</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>266500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1458</th>\n",
       "      <td>1459</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9717</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAmes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1950</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hip</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mn</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rec</td>\n",
       "      <td>1029</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>FuseA</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1078</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1950.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>240</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>366</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>142125</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1459</th>\n",
       "      <td>1460</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9937</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Edwards</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1965</td>\n",
       "      <td>1965</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>BLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>830</td>\n",
       "      <td>LwQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>290</td>\n",
       "      <td>136</td>\n",
       "      <td>1256</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1256</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1256</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1965.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fin</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>276</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>736</td>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "      <td>147500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1460 rows × 81 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Id  MSSubClass MSZoning  ...  SaleType  SaleCondition SalePrice\n",
       "0        1          60       RL  ...        WD         Normal    208500\n",
       "1        2          20       RL  ...        WD         Normal    181500\n",
       "2        3          60       RL  ...        WD         Normal    223500\n",
       "3        4          70       RL  ...        WD        Abnorml    140000\n",
       "4        5          60       RL  ...        WD         Normal    250000\n",
       "...    ...         ...      ...  ...       ...            ...       ...\n",
       "1455  1456          60       RL  ...        WD         Normal    175000\n",
       "1456  1457          20       RL  ...        WD         Normal    210000\n",
       "1457  1458          70       RL  ...        WD         Normal    266500\n",
       "1458  1459          20       RL  ...        WD         Normal    142125\n",
       "1459  1460          20       RL  ...        WD         Normal    147500\n",
       "\n",
       "[1460 rows x 81 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#  few rows of the training Dataset\n",
    "train"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 430
    },
    "id": "FOn0zYzVNsLK",
    "outputId": "ea955540-ab7c-45fb-8858-54f062bbf577"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Id</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>Street</th>\n",
       "      <th>Alley</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotShape</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandContour</th>\n",
       "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
       "      <th>Neighborhood</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
       "      <th>YearRemodAdd</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtExposure</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
       "      <th>HeatingQC</th>\n",
       "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
       "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
       "      <th>1stFlrSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
       "      <th>Functional</th>\n",
       "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageYrBlt</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>PavedDrive</th>\n",
       "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>3SsnPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
       "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>PoolQC</th>\n",
       "      <th>Fence</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscFeature</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
       "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>YrSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1461</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RH</td>\n",
       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11622</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAmes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Feedr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1961</td>\n",
       "      <td>1961</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rec</td>\n",
       "      <td>468.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>LwQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>882.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>896</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>896</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1961.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>730.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MnPrv</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1462</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14267</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Corner</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAmes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1958</td>\n",
       "      <td>1958</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hip</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wd Sdng</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wd Sdng</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>923.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>406.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1329.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1958.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>312.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>393</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gar2</td>\n",
       "      <td>12500</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1463</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13830</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gilbert</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1997</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>791.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>928.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>928</td>\n",
       "      <td>701</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1629</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1997.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fin</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>482.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>212</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MnPrv</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1464</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9978</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gilbert</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>602.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>324.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>926.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>926</td>\n",
       "      <td>678</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1604</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fin</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>470.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>360</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1465</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5005</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
       "      <td>HLS</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>StoneBr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>TwnhsE</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>263.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1017.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1280.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1280</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>506.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>144</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1454</th>\n",
       "      <td>2915</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>RM</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1936</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>MeadowV</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Twnhs</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>CemntBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>CmentBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>546.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>546.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>546</td>\n",
       "      <td>546</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1092</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1455</th>\n",
       "      <td>2916</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>RM</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1894</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>MeadowV</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>TwnhsE</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>CemntBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>CmentBd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rec</td>\n",
       "      <td>252.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>294.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>546.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>546</td>\n",
       "      <td>546</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1092</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>CarPort</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>286.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abnorml</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1456</th>\n",
       "      <td>2917</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>160.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>20000</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mitchel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1960</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1224.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1224.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>1224</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1224</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Detchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1960.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>576.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>474</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abnorml</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1457</th>\n",
       "      <td>2918</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10441</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mitchel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFoyer</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>Wd Shng</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Av</td>\n",
       "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>337.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>575.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>912.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>970</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MnPrv</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shed</td>\n",
       "      <td>700</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1458</th>\n",
       "      <td>2919</td>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>RL</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9627</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
       "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
       "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mod</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mitchel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
       "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
       "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
       "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>HdBoard</td>\n",
       "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Av</td>\n",
       "      <td>LwQ</td>\n",
       "      <td>758.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>238.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>996.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
       "      <td>996</td>\n",
       "      <td>1004</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fin</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>650.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y</td>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>WD</td>\n",
       "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1459 rows × 80 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Id  MSSubClass MSZoning  ...  YrSold  SaleType SaleCondition\n",
       "0     1461          20       RH  ...    2010        WD        Normal\n",
       "1     1462          20       RL  ...    2010        WD        Normal\n",
       "2     1463          60       RL  ...    2010        WD        Normal\n",
       "3     1464          60       RL  ...    2010        WD        Normal\n",
       "4     1465         120       RL  ...    2010        WD        Normal\n",
       "...    ...         ...      ...  ...     ...       ...           ...\n",
       "1454  2915         160       RM  ...    2006        WD        Normal\n",
       "1455  2916         160       RM  ...    2006        WD       Abnorml\n",
       "1456  2917          20       RL  ...    2006        WD       Abnorml\n",
       "1457  2918          85       RL  ...    2006        WD        Normal\n",
       "1458  2919          60       RL  ...    2006        WD        Normal\n",
       "\n",
       "[1459 rows x 80 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# few rows of the test dataset\n",
    "test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `1.3` Processing the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "syxR1XHfr9O_"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# concatenating both train and test dataset to produce whole_dataset\n",
    "whole_dataset  = pd.concat([train,test], axis=0)\n",
    "\n",
    "# splitting the dataset into features and labels\n",
    "X = train.drop('SalePrice', axis=1)\n",
    "y = train['SalePrice']\n",
    "\n",
    "# mean and standard deviation of the labels and standardisation\n",
    "mean = y.mean()\n",
    "std = y.std()\n",
    "y= (y - y.mean())/y.std()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "fXk3gl-3vIk-",
    "outputId": "fb52b683-2f34-439c-86e5-2ed4dfea72a3"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 1460 entries, 0 to 1459\n",
      "Data columns (total 80 columns):\n",
      " #   Column         Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------         --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   Id             1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 1   MSSubClass     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 2   MSZoning       1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 3   LotFrontage    1201 non-null   float64\n",
      " 4   LotArea        1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 5   Street         1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 6   Alley          91 non-null     object \n",
      " 7   LotShape       1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 8   LandContour    1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 9   Utilities      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 10  LotConfig      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 11  LandSlope      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 12  Neighborhood   1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 13  Condition1     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 14  Condition2     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 15  BldgType       1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 16  HouseStyle     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 17  OverallQual    1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 18  OverallCond    1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 19  YearBuilt      1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 20  YearRemodAdd   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 21  RoofStyle      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 22  RoofMatl       1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 23  Exterior1st    1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 24  Exterior2nd    1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 25  MasVnrType     1452 non-null   object \n",
      " 26  MasVnrArea     1452 non-null   float64\n",
      " 27  ExterQual      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 28  ExterCond      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 29  Foundation     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 30  BsmtQual       1423 non-null   object \n",
      " 31  BsmtCond       1423 non-null   object \n",
      " 32  BsmtExposure   1422 non-null   object \n",
      " 33  BsmtFinType1   1423 non-null   object \n",
      " 34  BsmtFinSF1     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 35  BsmtFinType2   1422 non-null   object \n",
      " 36  BsmtFinSF2     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 37  BsmtUnfSF      1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 38  TotalBsmtSF    1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 39  Heating        1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 40  HeatingQC      1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 41  CentralAir     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 42  Electrical     1459 non-null   object \n",
      " 43  1stFlrSF       1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 44  2ndFlrSF       1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 45  LowQualFinSF   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 46  GrLivArea      1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 47  BsmtFullBath   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 48  BsmtHalfBath   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 49  FullBath       1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 50  HalfBath       1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 51  BedroomAbvGr   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 52  KitchenAbvGr   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 53  KitchenQual    1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 54  TotRmsAbvGrd   1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 55  Functional     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 56  Fireplaces     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 57  FireplaceQu    770 non-null    object \n",
      " 58  GarageType     1379 non-null   object \n",
      " 59  GarageYrBlt    1379 non-null   float64\n",
      " 60  GarageFinish   1379 non-null   object \n",
      " 61  GarageCars     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 62  GarageArea     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 63  GarageQual     1379 non-null   object \n",
      " 64  GarageCond     1379 non-null   object \n",
      " 65  PavedDrive     1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 66  WoodDeckSF     1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 67  OpenPorchSF    1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 68  EnclosedPorch  1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 69  3SsnPorch      1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 70  ScreenPorch    1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 71  PoolArea       1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 72  PoolQC         7 non-null      object \n",
      " 73  Fence          281 non-null    object \n",
      " 74  MiscFeature    54 non-null     object \n",
      " 75  MiscVal        1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 76  MoSold         1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 77  YrSold         1460 non-null   int64  \n",
      " 78  SaleType       1460 non-null   object \n",
      " 79  SaleCondition  1460 non-null   object \n",
      "dtypes: float64(3), int64(34), object(43)\n",
      "memory usage: 912.6+ KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# dummy_X is the copy of X (excluding SalePrice) for making transformations\n",
    "dummy_X = X.copy() \n",
    "dummy_X.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "xtHMVJfUsu3Z",
    "outputId": "a8ed6eb3-aa20-4ec2-93d6-a1d56339a8da"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "MSZoning           4\n",
       "LotFrontage      486\n",
       "Alley           2721\n",
       "Utilities          2\n",
       "Exterior1st        1\n",
       "Exterior2nd        1\n",
       "MasVnrType        24\n",
       "MasVnrArea        23\n",
       "BsmtQual          81\n",
       "BsmtCond          82\n",
       "BsmtExposure      82\n",
       "BsmtFinType1      79\n",
       "BsmtFinSF1         1\n",
       "BsmtFinType2      80\n",
       "BsmtFinSF2         1\n",
       "BsmtUnfSF          1\n",
       "TotalBsmtSF        1\n",
       "Electrical         1\n",
       "BsmtFullBath       2\n",
       "BsmtHalfBath       2\n",
       "KitchenQual        1\n",
       "Functional         2\n",
       "FireplaceQu     1420\n",
       "GarageType       157\n",
       "GarageYrBlt      159\n",
       "GarageFinish     159\n",
       "GarageCars         1\n",
       "GarageArea         1\n",
       "GarageQual       159\n",
       "GarageCond       159\n",
       "PoolQC          2909\n",
       "Fence           2348\n",
       "MiscFeature     2814\n",
       "SaleType           1\n",
       "SalePrice       1459\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# null values in whole dataset\n",
    "\n",
    "whole_dataset.isnull().sum()[whole_dataset.isnull().sum()>0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "cellView": "form",
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 296
    },
    "id": "2OjOGrd9rl5-",
    "outputId": "5db7f6e4-e3b7-47e0-cf5c-5d694b78dc10"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7f749dcf20b8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light",
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# distribution of label (SalePrice) with respect to the month in which it was sold\n",
    "pd.concat([dummy_X, train['SalePrice']], axis =1).groupby('MoSold').mean()['SalePrice'].plot()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "P4poETRqrpar"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def missing_values(dummy_X):\n",
    "\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "        treatment of missing values and feature engineering\n",
    "        \n",
    "        input : original features\n",
    "        output : cleaned dataframe of features\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    # replacing null values with median \n",
    "    dummy_X['LotFrontage'] = dummy_X['LotFrontage'].apply(lambda x: dummy_X['LotFrontage'].median() if pd.isnull(x) else x)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # replacing null values \n",
    "    dummy_X['Alley'].fillna('No Alley', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['MasVnrType'].fillna('None', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['MasVnrArea'].fillna(0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['BsmtQual'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['BsmtCond'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['BsmtExposure'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['BsmtFinType1'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['BsmtFinType2'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['Electrical'].fillna('FuseA', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['FireplaceQu'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageType'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageYrBlt'].fillna(1980.0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageFinish'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageCars'].fillna(0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageArea'].fillna(0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageQual'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageCond'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['PoolQC'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['Fence'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['MiscFeature'].fillna('No', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['YrSold'].fillna(2008.0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['YearRemodAdd'].fillna(1994.0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['YrSold'].fillna(2008.0, inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['MSZoning'].fillna('RL', inplace=True)\n",
    "    dummy_X['Utilities'].fillna('AllPub', inplace=True)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # for these columns replacing null values with mode value\n",
    "    cols  = ['MSZoning', 'Utilities', 'Exterior1st', 'Exterior2nd', 'BsmtFinSF1',\n",
    "       'BsmtFinSF2', 'BsmtUnfSF', 'BsmtFullBath','HouseArea',\n",
    "       'BsmtHalfBath', 'KitchenQual', 'Functional', 'SaleType','Neighborhood']\n",
    "    for col in cols:\n",
    "        dummy_X[col].fillna(dummy_X[col].mode()[0], inplace = True)\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Engineering new features\n",
    "    dummy_X['Age'] = dummy_X['YrSold']-dummy_X['YearRemodAdd']\n",
    "    dummy_X['HouseArea'] = dummy_X['1stFlrSF'] + dummy_X['2ndFlrSF'] + dummy_X['GrLivArea'] +dummy_X['TotalBsmtSF']\n",
    "    dummy_X['PorchArea'] = dummy_X['OpenPorchSF'] + dummy_X['EnclosedPorch'] + dummy_X['3SsnPorch'] + dummy_X['ScreenPorch']\n",
    "    dummy_X['GarageAge'] = dummy_X['YrSold']- dummy_X['GarageYrBlt']\n",
    "\n",
    "    # Dropping few features which are not useful after engineering new features\n",
    "    dummy_X.drop(['YrSold','YearRemodAdd','1stFlrSF','2ndFlrSF','GrLivArea','TotalBsmtSF','OpenPorchSF','EnclosedPorch','3SsnPorch','ScreenPorch','YearBuilt','GarageYrBlt','Id'], axis=1, inplace = True)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # dummy_X['OverallCond'] = dummy_X['OverallCond'].astype('object')\n",
    "    # dummy_X['OverallQual'] = dummy_X['OverallQual'].astype('object')\n",
    "    return dummy_X"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "fgf6yPfHlXZl"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "def label_encode(data):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    '''\n",
    "        function to apply label encoding to columns\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "\n",
    "    # label encoding the columns in this list\n",
    "    col = ['HeatingQC', 'BsmtFinType1', 'Exterior1st', 'MasVnrType', 'Exterior2nd',\n",
    "       'MSZoning',  'HouseStyle', 'LotShape',\n",
    "       'SaleCondition', 'BsmtExposure','GarageCond', 'GarageQual', 'CentralAir', 'SaleType', 'Electrical',\n",
    "       'PavedDrive', 'BsmtCond', 'Fence', 'Condition1', 'RoofStyle',\n",
    "       'BsmtFinType2', 'LandContour', 'BldgType', 'Functional', 'ExterCond',\n",
    "       'Alley', 'Heating', 'Condition2', 'LotConfig', 'RoofMatl',\n",
    "       'MiscFeature', 'PoolQC', 'LandSlope', 'Street', 'Utilities']\n",
    "  \n",
    "    for c in col:\n",
    "\n",
    "        lbl = LabelEncoder() \n",
    "        lbl.fit(list(data[c].values))\n",
    "        lbl_copy = lbl \n",
    "        data[c] = lbl.transform(list(data[c].values))\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    return data, lbl_copy\n",
    "\n",
    "  \n",
    "\n",
    "  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "nAW7SIZJW4c7"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def one_hot_encode(data):\n",
    "      '''\n",
    "          function to one-hot-encode some categorical columns like 'Neighborhood'\n",
    "      '''\n",
    "      list_1 = ['MeadowV', 'IDOTRR', 'BrDale', 'BrkSide', 'Edwards', 'OldTown','Sawyer', 'Blueste', 'SWISU', 'NPkVill', 'NAmes', 'Mitchel']\n",
    "      list_2 = ['SawyerW','NWAmes', 'Gilbert', 'Blmngtn', 'CollgCr', 'Crawfor', 'ClearCr','Somerst', 'Veenker', 'Timber']\n",
    "      list_3 = ['StoneBr', 'NridgHt', 'NoRidge']\n",
    "\n",
    "      def func_neighborhood(val):\n",
    "        '''\n",
    "            function to replace values according to the list given above\n",
    "        '''\n",
    "\n",
    "        val=str(val)\n",
    "\n",
    "        if val in list_1:\n",
    "\n",
    "          val = 'Low'\n",
    "        elif val in list_2:\n",
    "          val = 'Medium'\n",
    "        elif val in list_3:\n",
    "          val = 'High'\n",
    "\n",
    "        return val\n",
    "\n",
    "      data['Neighborhood']  = data['Neighborhood'].apply(func_neighborhood)\n",
    "\n",
    "      data=pd.get_dummies(data, drop_first=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "      return data\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "AjhBymI14LtN"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def normalisation(data):\n",
    "\n",
    "  '''\n",
    "  function to apply standard scaler on features\n",
    "  '''\n",
    "  scaler = StandardScaler()\n",
    "  scaler.fit(data)\n",
    "\n",
    "  return scaler"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "CPR3Pl5Kx9Jq"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def feature_selection(data):\n",
    "    \n",
    "  '''\n",
    "  function to select few features out of 79 based on Lasso Regression\n",
    "  '''\n",
    "\n",
    "  feature_sel_model = SelectFromModel(Lasso(alpha=0.018, random_state=0))\n",
    "  feature_sel_model.fit(data, y)\n",
    "  selected_feat = data.columns[(feature_sel_model.get_support())]\n",
    "  return selected_feat"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "vSYFo4uNdm9s"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# applying missing value treatment and adding new features to whole dataset\n",
    "whole_dataset = missing_values(whole_dataset)\n",
    "\n",
    "# partition into numeric and categorical columns\n",
    "numeric_cols = [col for col in whole_dataset.columns if whole_dataset[col].dtype!='object']\n",
    "categorical_cols = [col for col in whole_dataset.columns if whole_dataset[col].dtype=='object']\n",
    "\n",
    "# applying label encode and one-hot-encode on whole-dataset\n",
    "whole_dataset, lbl = label_encode(whole_dataset)\n",
    "whole_dataset = one_hot_encode(whole_dataset)\n",
    "\n",
    "# applying box cox on features to make it more like a normal distribution\n",
    "for feat in numeric_cols:\n",
    "  if feat == 'Id':\n",
    "    continue\n",
    "  whole_dataset[feat] = boxcox1p(whole_dataset[feat], 0.15)\n",
    "\n",
    "# applying normalisation on the whole dataset\n",
    "scaler = normalisation(whole_dataset)\n",
    "whole_dataset = pd.DataFrame(scaler.transform(whole_dataset), columns=whole_dataset.columns)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 430
    },
    "id": "bvOxCyqteQ6l",
    "outputId": "d652bb2e-ed99-4f06-8ea1-a4f4480aa188"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>Street</th>\n",
       "      <th>Alley</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotShape</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandContour</th>\n",
       "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtExposure</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
       "      <th>HeatingQC</th>\n",
       "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
       "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
       "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
       "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
       "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>PorchArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageAge</th>\n",
       "      <th>Neighborhood_Low</th>\n",
       "      <th>Neighborhood_Medium</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_CBlock</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_PConc</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Slab</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Stone</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Wood</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Po</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Attchd</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Basment</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_BuiltIn</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_CarPort</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Detchd</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_RFn</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_Unf</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.065014</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.142360</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.680801</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.178840</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.800337</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.546412</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.798779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.535683</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.698943</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.310583</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.329449</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.948409</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.407698</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.266462</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.612222</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.091580</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.595976</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.110415</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.658174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.190557</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023436</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.957283</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.507795</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.657990</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.158500</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.974460</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.131136</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.881509</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.268408</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.182763</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.645163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.091270</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.396319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.417265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.612222</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.076737</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.431443</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.680801</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.078600</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.266947</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.611098</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.168081</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.965748</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.715254</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.588790</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.475397</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.129744</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.737425</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.407698</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.266462</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.612222</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.597523</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.313927</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.099975</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.904903</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.680801</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055433</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.313664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.737700</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.235331</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.329970</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.267617</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.798779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.505415</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.458481</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.778429</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.242988</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.345772</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.648383</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.709792</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.657441</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.754526</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.925808</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.658174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.271668</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.502626</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.050054</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.761475</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.257325</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.637345</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.008851</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.403655</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.191135</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.510662</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.648383</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.407698</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.266462</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.612222</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2914</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.919138</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.477041</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.284163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.736097</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.067756</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.575763</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.242982</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.445731</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.502984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.260549</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.378935</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.338299</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.267617</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.778429</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.135284</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.396319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.262508</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.194324</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.166352</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2915</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.919138</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.477041</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.284163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.770529</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.896733</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.575763</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.445731</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.502984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.813079</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.303222</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.107437</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.686494</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.505415</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.778429</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.135284</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.146775</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.552670</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.914022</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2916</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.091580</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.967495</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.662310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.242982</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.099415</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.743322</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.965748</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.505415</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.250733</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.191068</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.396319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.782322</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.657441</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2917</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.892531</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.212352</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.279439</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.554567</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.133086</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.313664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.050054</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.435676</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.377496</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.881509</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.870680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.414983</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.005135</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.998660</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.008028</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.262508</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.194324</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.166352</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2918</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.345193</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.116034</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.80453</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.680801</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.133086</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.221320</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.808093</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.050054</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.081860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.837581</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.35802</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.250205</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.429644</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.119871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.835224</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.199774</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.299985</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2919 rows × 95 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      MSSubClass  MSZoning  ...  GarageFinish_RFn  GarageFinish_Unf\n",
       "0       0.369814 -0.042157  ...          1.612222         -0.853371\n",
       "1      -1.091580 -0.042157  ...          1.612222         -0.853371\n",
       "2       0.369814 -0.042157  ...          1.612222         -0.853371\n",
       "3       0.597523 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "4       0.369814 -0.042157  ...          1.612222         -0.853371\n",
       "...          ...       ...  ...               ...               ...\n",
       "2914    1.919138  1.477041  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "2915    1.919138  1.477041  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "2916   -1.091580 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "2917    0.892531 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "2918    0.369814 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "\n",
       "[2919 rows x 95 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# whole dataset after thee changes\n",
    "whole_dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "WhCkAKAPjtc1"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# splitting train and test dataset from whole-dataset as it was before\n",
    "train = whole_dataset[whole_dataset.index < 1460]\n",
    "X_train = train.drop('SalePrice', axis=1)\n",
    "y_train = y\n",
    "test = whole_dataset[whole_dataset.index >= 1460]\n",
    "X_test = test.drop('SalePrice', axis=1)\n",
    "\n",
    "# applying feature selection on training data \n",
    "selected_feat = feature_selection(X_train)\n",
    "X_train = train[selected_feat]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "wElo71reE5Iq",
    "outputId": "b12d42f0-3045-4ef2-cc5d-3d28a63dd0ae"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "40"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# number of selected features\n",
    "len(selected_feat)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "3-VkEjs6vji3",
    "outputId": "88c82319-cf87-4e5a-a21a-c35fb861b1b6"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "count    1.460000e+03\n",
       "mean     1.102999e-16\n",
       "std      1.000000e+00\n",
       "min     -1.838074e+00\n",
       "25%     -6.412965e-01\n",
       "50%     -2.255870e-01\n",
       "75%      4.163867e-01\n",
       "max      7.226343e+00\n",
       "Name: SalePrice, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#seeing attributes of the SalePrice column\n",
    "y_train.describe()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 430
    },
    "id": "_igK9rnDjwbx",
    "outputId": "247a13f6-48bf-4a54-e2ed-a15e14228d73"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
       "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>Street</th>\n",
       "      <th>Alley</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotShape</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandContour</th>\n",
       "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
       "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
       "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
       "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
       "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtCond</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtExposure</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
       "      <th>HeatingQC</th>\n",
       "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
       "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
       "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
       "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
       "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
       "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>HouseArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>PorchArea</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageAge</th>\n",
       "      <th>Neighborhood_Low</th>\n",
       "      <th>Neighborhood_Medium</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>ExterQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_CBlock</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_PConc</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Slab</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Stone</th>\n",
       "      <th>Foundation_Wood</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>BsmtQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>KitchenQual_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Fa</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Gd</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_Po</th>\n",
       "      <th>FireplaceQu_TA</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Attchd</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Basment</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_BuiltIn</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_CarPort</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_Detchd</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageType_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_No</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_RFn</th>\n",
       "      <th>GarageFinish_Unf</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1460</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.091580</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.561354</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.595976</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.498239</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.190557</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.448293</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.813079</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.592561</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.002561</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.061794</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.165530</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.064246</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.199742</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.723919</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.843074</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1461</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.091580</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.636227</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.926849</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.904903</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023436</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.448293</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.953824</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055433</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031999</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.874909</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.942906</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.119735</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.238779</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.121063</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.078631</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.050852</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.900803</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1462</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.345193</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.860971</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.860106</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.602131</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.267617</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.182872</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.119871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.239816</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.022128</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.299985</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1463</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.514190</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.187882</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.023436</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.448293</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.158353</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.718266</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.040225</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.119871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.198336</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.050852</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.360045</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.248312</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.709792</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1464</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.439547</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.315282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.130629</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.381776</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.523149</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.896733</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.271668</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.133086</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.221320</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.322324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.830340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.622939</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.189876</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.044886</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.133014</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.045327</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.021121</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.407698</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.266462</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.239377</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023223</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.612222</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2914</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.919138</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.477041</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.284163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.736097</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.067756</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.575763</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.242982</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.445731</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.502984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.260549</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.378935</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.338299</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.267617</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.094109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.778429</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.135284</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.396319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.262508</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.194324</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.166352</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2915</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.919138</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.477041</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.284163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.770529</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.896733</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.575763</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.445731</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.502984</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.813079</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.303222</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.107437</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.686494</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.505415</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.778429</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.135284</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.146775</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.552670</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.914022</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2916</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.091580</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.967495</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.662310</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.536817</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.242982</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742788</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750334</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.624607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.424268</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.099415</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.743322</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.130512</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.965748</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.505415</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.250733</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.191068</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.396319</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.782322</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.167717</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.901065</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.840843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.129219</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.657441</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.171824</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2917</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.892531</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.212352</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.279439</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.21626</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.554567</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.719243</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.133086</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.313664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.384843</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.779163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.050054</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.529329</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.435676</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.377496</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.415558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.881509</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.027605</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.763816</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.870680</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.414983</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.005135</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.998660</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.008028</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.262508</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.027440</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.504386</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.200265</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.194324</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.166352</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2918</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.369814</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.042157</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.345193</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.116034</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.064249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.746669</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.316671</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.018512</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.588555</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.80453</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.046258</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.009816</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.419174</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.031721</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.680801</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.449532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.482926</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.116923</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.133086</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.221320</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.267151</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.808093</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.376461</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.333532</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.050054</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.081860</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.837581</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.353536</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.358020</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.250205</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.103206</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.880324</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.26829</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.30129</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.115984</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.832992</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.251371</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.810002</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.261463</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.185769</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.429644</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.319311</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.204967</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.119871</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.835224</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.199774</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.299985</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.979316</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.801082</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.110163</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.710380</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789601</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.856372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.109798</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.130664</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.061503</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.041423</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.176308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.189282</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.168941</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.885568</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.156748</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.806857</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.977304</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.161278</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.584867</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.973292</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.126535</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.982610</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.833150</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.111745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.260878</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.071870</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.603340</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.238417</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.240018</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.620262</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.853371</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1459 rows × 95 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      MSSubClass  MSZoning  ...  GarageFinish_RFn  GarageFinish_Unf\n",
       "1460   -1.091580 -1.561354  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "1461   -1.091580 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "1462    0.369814 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "1463    0.369814 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "1464    1.439547 -0.042157  ...          1.612222         -0.853371\n",
       "...          ...       ...  ...               ...               ...\n",
       "2914    1.919138  1.477041  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "2915    1.919138  1.477041  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "2916   -1.091580 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262          1.171824\n",
       "2917    0.892531 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "2918    0.369814 -0.042157  ...         -0.620262         -0.853371\n",
       "\n",
       "[1459 rows x 95 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# processed test dataframe\n",
    "test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "j2TA1V8h9g_2"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# I also tried sklearn's SelectKBest and f_regression to select out best features\n",
    "selector = SelectKBest(f_regression, 28)\n",
    "\n",
    "# KFold cross validation\n",
    "kf = KFold(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## `2` Applying Machine Learning with various models"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "DJJNLuUhpm26"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Linear Regression\n",
    "\n",
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
    "model = LinearRegression()\n",
    "model.fit(X_train,y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "cellView": "form",
    "id": "hWhhQDJ0RfeU"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# get best features using Recursive Feature Elimnation\n",
    "model = RFECV(LinearRegression(),cv=10)\n",
    "model.fit(X_train,y_train)\n",
    "optimized_columns = X_train.columns[model.support_]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "fOFiLbp8YXYg",
    "outputId": "6ef85181-0f16-4499-9769-97506d5070aa"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "XGBRegressor(base_score=0.5, booster='gbtree', colsample_bylevel=1,\n",
       "             colsample_bynode=1, colsample_bytree=0.4603, gamma=0.0468,\n",
       "             importance_type='gain', learning_rate=0.05, max_delta_step=0,\n",
       "             max_depth=2, min_child_weight=1.5, missing=None, n_estimators=2000,\n",
       "             n_jobs=1, nthread=-1, objective='reg:linear', random_state=7,\n",
       "             reg_alpha=0.464, reg_lambda=0.8571, scale_pos_weight=1, seed=None,\n",
       "             silent=1, subsample=0.5213, verbosity=1)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Random Forest Model\n",
    "model_rf  = RandomForestRegressor((n_estimators=2500, criterion='mse', max_depth=None, min_samples_split=2, min_samples_leaf=1, min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None, min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None, bootstrap=True, oob_score=False, n_jobs=None, random_state=1, verbose=0, warm_start=False, ccp_alpha=0.0, max_samples=None))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Gradient Boosting Model\n",
    "model_gb = GradientBoostingRegressor(n_estimators=2000, learning_rate=0.05,\n",
    "                                   max_depth=4, max_features='sqrt',\n",
    "                                   min_samples_leaf=15, min_samples_split=, \n",
    "                                   loss='huber', random_state =5)\n",
    "\n",
    "# XGBoost Regressor\n",
    "model_xgb = xgb.XGBRegressor(colsample_bytree=0.4603, gamma=0.0468, \n",
    "                             learning_rate=0.05, max_depth=2, \n",
    "                             min_child_weight=1.5, n_estimators=2000,\n",
    "                             reg_alpha=0.4640, reg_lambda=0.8571,\n",
    "                             subsample=0.5213, silent=1,\n",
    "                             random_state =7, nthread = -1)\n",
    "\n",
    "model.fit(X_train, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "bTsnYZxVijlv"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# applying cross validation and checking scores on different models\n",
    "n_folds=5\n",
    "def rmsle_cv(model):\n",
    "    kf = KFold(n_folds, shuffle=True, random_state=42).get_n_splits(train.values)\n",
    "    rmse= np.sqrt(-cross_val_score(model, train.values, y_train, scoring=\"neg_mean_squared_error\", cv = kf))\n",
    "    return(rmse)\n",
    "\n",
    "score = rmsle_cv(model_xgb)\n",
    "print(\"Xgboost score: {:.4f} ({:.4f})\\n\".format(score.mean(), score.std()))\n",
    "\n",
    "score = rmsle_cv(model_gb)\n",
    "print(\"Xgboost score: {:.4f} ({:.4f})\\n\".format(score.mean(), score.std()))\n",
    "\n",
    "score = rmsle_cv(model_rf)\n",
    "print(\"Xgboost score: {:.4f} ({:.4f})\\n\".format(score.mean(), score.std()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "DmnCVvmvw5V1"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# filling some null values in test dataset\n",
    "X_test = X_test[selected_feat]\n",
    "X_test['Age'] = X_test['Age'].fillna(X_test['Age'].median())\n",
    "X_test['GarageAge'] = X_test['GarageAge'].fillna(X_test['GarageAge'].median())\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# getting predictions from the selected model and scaling them back\n",
    "predictions = pd.Series(model.predict(X_test))\n",
    "predictions = predictions*std + mean"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "s3Imzmapom1f",
    "outputId": "7e267dce-3cb0-488a-b47f-5f5e6adb9f0e"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       129109.578125\n",
       "1       160268.234375\n",
       "2       180927.359375\n",
       "3       190714.062500\n",
       "4       189630.843750\n",
       "            ...      \n",
       "1454     85375.546875\n",
       "1455     89511.093750\n",
       "1456    174119.281250\n",
       "1457    114139.343750\n",
       "1458    204833.406250\n",
       "Length: 1459, dtype: float32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# displaying the predictions\n",
    "predictions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "wLzLkBzPJFSk",
    "outputId": "657103e2-7a8a-4fb6-c260-e43d4b2e3889"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "179622.609375"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# mean of all predictions\n",
    "predictions.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "Mpwyn6hg0zFM"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# making submission_new dataframe\n",
    "test_id = test['Id']\n",
    "submission_new = pd.concat([test_id,predictions], axis=1)\n",
    "submission_new.rename(columns  = {0:'SalePrice'}, inplace=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 410
    },
    "id": "BvZaoIRp3Rmm",
    "outputId": "1ad1785e-4dd7-4878-9e90-766824f244ec"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Id</th>\n",
       "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1461</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1462</td>\n",
       "      <td>160268.234375</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
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       "      <td>190714.062500</td>\n",
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       "      <th>...</th>\n",
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       "      <td>85375.546875</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1455</th>\n",
       "      <td>2916</td>\n",
       "      <td>89511.093750</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th>1456</th>\n",
       "      <td>2917</td>\n",
       "      <td>174119.281250</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1457</th>\n",
       "      <td>2918</td>\n",
       "      <td>114139.343750</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1458</th>\n",
       "      <td>2919</td>\n",
       "      <td>204833.406250</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1459 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Id      SalePrice\n",
       "0     1461  129109.578125\n",
       "1     1462  160268.234375\n",
       "2     1463  180927.359375\n",
       "3     1464  190714.062500\n",
       "4     1465  189630.843750\n",
       "...    ...            ...\n",
       "1454  2915   85375.546875\n",
       "1455  2916   89511.093750\n",
       "1456  2917  174119.281250\n",
       "1457  2918  114139.343750\n",
       "1458  2919  204833.406250\n",
       "\n",
       "[1459 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "submission_new"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "AGHObBr62k_C"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "submission_new.to_csv('submission_housing.csv', index=False)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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   "name": "Advanced Regression - Housing Price Prediction",
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