diff --git a/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/future.rs b/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/future.rs
index b104b20a32..ed136d38de 100644
--- a/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/future.rs
+++ b/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/future.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ where
     // This Mutex should never block if our code is working correctly, since there should not be
     // multiple threads calling [Self::poll] and/or [Self::complete] at the same time.
     future: Mutex<WrappedFuture<F, T, UT>>,
-    scheduler: Mutex<Scheduler>,
+    scheduler: Scheduler,
     // UT is used as the generic parameter for [LowerReturn].
     // Let's model this with PhantomData as a function that inputs a UT value.
     _phantom: PhantomData<fn(UT) -> ()>,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ where
     pub(super) fn new(future: F, _tag: UT) -> Arc<Self> {
         Arc::new(Self {
             future: Mutex::new(WrappedFuture::new(future)),
-            scheduler: Mutex::new(Scheduler::new()),
+            scheduler: Scheduler::new(),
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         })
     }
@@ -232,20 +232,20 @@ where
         if ready {
             callback(data, RustFuturePoll::Ready)
         } else {
-            self.scheduler.lock().unwrap().store(callback, data);
+            self.scheduler.store(callback, data);
         }
     }
 
     pub(super) fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
-        self.scheduler.lock().unwrap().is_cancelled()
+        self.scheduler.is_cancelled()
     }
 
     pub(super) fn wake(&self) {
-        self.scheduler.lock().unwrap().wake();
+        self.scheduler.wake();
     }
 
     pub(super) fn cancel(&self) {
-        self.scheduler.lock().unwrap().cancel();
+        self.scheduler.cancel();
     }
 
     pub(super) fn complete(&self, call_status: &mut RustCallStatus) -> T::ReturnType {
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ where
 
     pub(super) fn free(self: Arc<Self>) {
         // Call cancel() to send any leftover data to the continuation callback
-        self.scheduler.lock().unwrap().cancel();
+        self.scheduler.cancel();
         // Ensure we drop our inner future, releasing all held references
         self.future.lock().unwrap().free();
     }
diff --git a/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/scheduler.rs b/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/scheduler.rs
index aae5a0c1cf..c2d5c41275 100644
--- a/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/scheduler.rs
+++ b/uniffi_core/src/ffi/rustfuture/scheduler.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
  * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
 
-use std::mem;
+use std::{mem, sync::Mutex};
 
 use super::{RustFutureContinuationCallback, RustFuturePoll};
 
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ use super::{RustFutureContinuationCallback, RustFuturePoll};
 ///   state, invoking any future callbacks as soon as they're stored.
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(super) enum Scheduler {
+pub(super) struct Scheduler {
+    state: Mutex<SchedulerState>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) enum SchedulerState {
     /// No continuations set, neither wake() nor cancel() called.
     Empty,
     /// `wake()` was called when there was no continuation set.  The next time `store` is called,
@@ -33,58 +38,138 @@ pub(super) enum Scheduler {
     Set(RustFutureContinuationCallback, *const ()),
 }
 
-impl Scheduler {
-    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::Empty
+/// Encapsulates a call to a RustFutureContinuationCallback
+struct CallbackCall {
+    callback: RustFutureContinuationCallback,
+    data: *const (),
+    poll_data: RustFuturePoll,
+}
+
+impl CallbackCall {
+    fn new(
+        callback: RustFutureContinuationCallback,
+        data: *const (),
+        poll_data: RustFuturePoll,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            callback,
+            data,
+            poll_data,
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Store new continuation data if we are in the `Empty` state.  If we are in the `Waked` or
-    /// `Cancelled` state, call the continuation immediately with the data.
-    pub(super) fn store(&mut self, callback: RustFutureContinuationCallback, data: *const ()) {
+    fn invoke(self) {
+        (self.callback)(self.data, self.poll_data)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The SchedulerState impl contains all the ways to mutate the inner state field.
+///
+/// All methods return an `Option<CallbackCall>` rather than invoking the callback directly.
+/// This is important, since the Mutex is locked while inside these methods.  If we called the
+/// callback directly, the foreign code could poll the future again, which would try to lock the
+/// mutex again and lead to a deadlock.
+impl SchedulerState {
+    fn store(
+        &mut self,
+        callback: RustFutureContinuationCallback,
+        data: *const (),
+    ) -> Option<CallbackCall> {
         match self {
-            Self::Empty => *self = Self::Set(callback, data),
+            Self::Empty => {
+                *self = Self::Set(callback, data);
+                None
+            }
             Self::Set(old_callback, old_data) => {
                 log::error!(
-                    "store: observed `Self::Set` state.  Is poll() being called from multiple threads at once?"
+                    "store: observed `SchedulerState::Set` state.  Is poll() being called from multiple threads at once?"
                 );
-                old_callback(*old_data, RustFuturePoll::Ready);
+                let call = CallbackCall::new(*old_callback, *old_data, RustFuturePoll::Ready);
                 *self = Self::Set(callback, data);
+                Some(call)
             }
             Self::Waked => {
                 *self = Self::Empty;
-                callback(data, RustFuturePoll::MaybeReady);
-            }
-            Self::Cancelled => {
-                callback(data, RustFuturePoll::Ready);
+                Some(CallbackCall::new(
+                    callback,
+                    data,
+                    RustFuturePoll::MaybeReady,
+                ))
             }
+            Self::Cancelled => Some(CallbackCall::new(callback, data, RustFuturePoll::Ready)),
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn wake(&mut self) {
+    fn wake(&mut self) -> Option<CallbackCall> {
         match self {
             // If we had a continuation set, then call it and transition to the `Empty` state.
-            Self::Set(callback, old_data) => {
+            SchedulerState::Set(callback, old_data) => {
                 let old_data = *old_data;
                 let callback = *callback;
-                *self = Self::Empty;
-                callback(old_data, RustFuturePoll::MaybeReady);
+                *self = SchedulerState::Empty;
+                Some(CallbackCall::new(
+                    callback,
+                    old_data,
+                    RustFuturePoll::MaybeReady,
+                ))
             }
             // If we were in the `Empty` state, then transition to `Waked`.  The next time `store`
             // is called, we will immediately call the continuation.
-            Self::Empty => *self = Self::Waked,
+            SchedulerState::Empty => {
+                *self = SchedulerState::Waked;
+                None
+            }
             // This is a no-op if we were in the `Cancelled` or `Waked` state.
-            _ => (),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cancel(&mut self) -> Option<CallbackCall> {
+        if let SchedulerState::Set(callback, old_data) =
+            mem::replace(self, SchedulerState::Cancelled)
+        {
+            Some(CallbackCall::new(callback, old_data, RustFuturePoll::Ready))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Scheduler {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state: Mutex::new(SchedulerState::Empty),
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn cancel(&mut self) {
-        if let Self::Set(callback, old_data) = mem::replace(self, Self::Cancelled) {
-            callback(old_data, RustFuturePoll::Ready);
+    /// Call a method on the inner state field
+    ///
+    /// If it returns a callback to invoke, then make the call after releasing the mutex.
+    fn call_state_method(&self, f: impl Fn(&mut SchedulerState) -> Option<CallbackCall>) {
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
+        let callback_call = f(&mut state);
+        drop(state);
+        if let Some(callback_call) = callback_call {
+            callback_call.invoke()
         }
     }
 
+    /// Store new continuation data if we are in the `Empty` state.  If we are in the `Waked` or
+    /// `Cancelled` state, call the continuation immediately with the data.
+    pub(super) fn store(&self, callback: RustFutureContinuationCallback, data: *const ()) {
+        self.call_state_method(|state| state.store(callback, data))
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn wake(&self) {
+        self.call_state_method(SchedulerState::wake)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn cancel(&self) {
+        self.call_state_method(SchedulerState::cancel)
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn is_cancelled(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Cancelled)
+        matches!(*self.state.lock().unwrap(), SchedulerState::Cancelled)
     }
 }