diff --git a/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositioner.tsx b/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositioner.tsx
index 92df1b4ae78..5636e3dbca2 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositioner.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositioner.tsx
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type {
   Side,
   UseAnchorPositioningSharedParameters,
 } from '../../internals/useAnchorPositioning';
-import { SelectPositionerContext } from './SelectPositionerContext';
+import { SelectPositionerContext, SelectScrollArrowContext } from './SelectPositionerContext';
 import { InternalBackdrop } from '../../utils/popups/InternalBackdrop';
 import { DROPDOWN_COLLISION_AVOIDANCE } from '../../internals/constants';
 import { clearStyles } from '../popup/utils';
@@ -212,12 +212,15 @@ export const SelectPositioner = React.forwardRef(function SelectPositioner(
       side: renderedSide,
       alignItemWithTriggerActive,
       setControlledAlignItemWithTrigger,
-      scrollUpArrowRef,
-      scrollDownArrowRef,
     }),
     [positioning, renderedSide, alignItemWithTriggerActive, setControlledAlignItemWithTrigger],
   );
 
+  const scrollArrowContextValue: SelectScrollArrowContext = React.useMemo(
+    () => ({ side: renderedSide, scrollUpArrowRef, scrollDownArrowRef }),
+    [renderedSide],
+  );
+
   return (
     <CompositeList
       elementsRef={store.context.listRef}
@@ -225,8 +228,12 @@ export const SelectPositioner = React.forwardRef(function SelectPositioner(
       onMapChange={onMapChange}
     >
       <SelectPositionerContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
-        {mounted && modal && <InternalBackdrop inert={inertValue(!open)} cutout={triggerElement} />}
-        {element}
+        <SelectScrollArrowContext.Provider value={scrollArrowContextValue}>
+          {mounted && modal && (
+            <InternalBackdrop inert={inertValue(!open)} cutout={triggerElement} />
+          )}
+          {element}
+        </SelectScrollArrowContext.Provider>
       </SelectPositionerContext.Provider>
     </CompositeList>
   );
diff --git a/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositionerContext.ts b/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositionerContext.ts
index 163d6c5c0bb..fc1c745b3d7 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositionerContext.ts
+++ b/packages/react/src/select/positioner/SelectPositionerContext.ts
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ export interface SelectPositionerContext extends Omit<UseAnchorPositioningReturn
   side: 'none' | Side;
   alignItemWithTriggerActive: boolean;
   setControlledAlignItemWithTrigger: React.Dispatch<React.SetStateAction<boolean>>;
-  scrollUpArrowRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
-  scrollDownArrowRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
 }
 
 export const SelectPositionerContext = React.createContext<SelectPositionerContext | undefined>(
@@ -23,3 +21,27 @@ export function useSelectPositionerContext() {
   }
   return context;
 }
+
+/**
+ * What the scroll arrows read from the positioner. Separate from `SelectPositionerContext`, whose
+ * value changes with every position update, so that a hidden arrow doesn't re-render on those.
+ */
+export interface SelectScrollArrowContext {
+  side: 'none' | Side;
+  scrollUpArrowRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
+  scrollDownArrowRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
+}
+
+export const SelectScrollArrowContext = React.createContext<SelectScrollArrowContext | undefined>(
+  undefined,
+);
+
+export function useSelectScrollArrowContext() {
+  const context = React.useContext(SelectScrollArrowContext);
+  if (!context) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Base UI: SelectPositionerContext is missing. SelectPositioner parts must be placed within <Select.Positioner>.',
+    );
+  }
+  return context;
+}
diff --git a/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.test.tsx b/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.test.tsx
index 3dcd36392e4..e1b330e4a30 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.test.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { expect, vi, describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { Select } from '@base-ui/react/select';
 import { act, fireEvent, screen } from '@mui/internal-test-utils';
-import { createRenderer } from '#test-utils';
+import { createRenderer, pressWithTouch } from '#test-utils';
 
 const DEFAULT_ITEM_OFFSETS = [0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 360];
 
@@ -351,6 +351,125 @@ describe('<Select.ScrollArrow />', () => {
     expect(downArrow).not.toHaveAttribute('data-visible');
   });
 
+  describe('opening and closing', () => {
+    function pressWithMouse(element: HTMLElement) {
+      fireEvent.pointerDown(element, { pointerType: 'mouse' });
+      fireEvent.mouseDown(element);
+    }
+
+    async function advanceFrames() {
+      await act(async () => {
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100);
+      });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A mouse press opens the popup in one frame, and the popup reads its scroller in the next.
+     * React 18 commits the open only as `act` exits, once the clock has stopped, so that next frame
+     * needs an `act` of its own.
+     */
+    async function settle() {
+      await advanceFrames();
+      await advanceFrames();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Renders once, so `children` stay the same elements and only the select itself can re-render
+     * the arrows. Focus keeps the closed popup mounted, so one arrow instance sees the whole cycle.
+     */
+    async function renderClosedSelect(scrollHeight: number) {
+      const renders = { up: 0, down: 0 };
+      let scrollTop = 100;
+
+      await render(
+        <Select.Root>
+          <Select.Trigger data-testid="trigger">Open</Select.Trigger>
+          <Select.Portal>
+            <Select.Positioner alignItemWithTrigger={false}>
+              <Select.Popup>
+                <Select.ScrollUpArrow
+                  keepMounted
+                  data-testid="up"
+                  render={(props) => {
+                    renders.up += 1;
+                    return <div {...props} />;
+                  }}
+                />
+                <Select.List
+                  ref={(node) =>
+                    stubScroller(
+                      node,
+                      { scrollHeight, clientHeight: 200 },
+                      () => scrollTop,
+                      (value) => {
+                        scrollTop = value;
+                      },
+                    )
+                  }
+                >
+                  <Select.Item value="one">One</Select.Item>
+                </Select.List>
+                <Select.ScrollDownArrow
+                  keepMounted
+                  data-testid="down"
+                  render={(props) => {
+                    renders.down += 1;
+                    return <div {...props} />;
+                  }}
+                />
+              </Select.Popup>
+            </Select.Positioner>
+          </Select.Portal>
+        </Select.Root>,
+      );
+
+      const trigger = screen.getByTestId('trigger');
+      fireEvent.focus(trigger);
+      await settle();
+
+      return { renders, trigger };
+    }
+
+    it.each([
+      { name: 'a list that fits, opened with a mouse', scrollHeight: 200, press: pressWithMouse },
+      { name: 'a list that overflows, opened by touch', scrollHeight: 400, press: pressWithTouch },
+    ])('does not re-render hidden arrows for $name', async ({ scrollHeight, press }) => {
+      const { renders, trigger } = await renderClosedSelect(scrollHeight);
+
+      expect(renders.up).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(renders.down).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      const before = { ...renders };
+
+      press(trigger);
+      await settle();
+
+      expect(trigger).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('down')).not.toHaveAttribute('data-visible');
+      expect(renders).toEqual(before);
+
+      fireEvent.keyDown(screen.getByRole('option'), { key: 'Escape' });
+      await settle();
+
+      expect(trigger).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
+      expect(renders).toEqual(before);
+    });
+
+    it.each([
+      { name: 'shows the arrows when a mouse opens', press: pressWithMouse, visible: true },
+      { name: 'hides the arrows when touch opens', press: pressWithTouch, visible: false },
+    ])('$name a list that overflows both ways', async ({ press, visible }) => {
+      const { trigger } = await renderClosedSelect(400);
+
+      press(trigger);
+      await settle();
+
+      expect(trigger).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('up').hasAttribute('data-visible')).toBe(visible);
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('down').hasAttribute('data-visible')).toBe(visible);
+    });
+  });
+
   it('ignores pointer interaction when the arrow has no scrollable popup', async () => {
     await render(
       <Select.Root open>
diff --git a/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.tsx b/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.tsx
index 5f5febcdd3c..d91620158f3 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/select/scroll-arrow/SelectScrollArrow.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useTimeout } from '@base-ui/utils/useTimeout';
 import { useIsoLayoutEffect } from '@base-ui/utils/useIsoLayoutEffect';
 import type { BaseUIComponentProps } from '../../internals/types';
 import { useSelectRootContext } from '../root/SelectRootContext';
-import { useSelectPositionerContext } from '../positioner/SelectPositionerContext';
+import { useSelectScrollArrowContext } from '../positioner/SelectPositionerContext';
 import type { Side } from '../../internals/useAnchorPositioning';
 import { useTransitionStatus } from '../../internals/useTransitionStatus';
 import type { TransitionStatus } from '../../internals/useTransitionStatus';
@@ -29,15 +29,9 @@ export const SelectScrollArrow = React.forwardRef(function SelectScrollArrow(
   const isUp = direction === 'up';
 
   const store = useSelectRootContext();
-  const { side, scrollDownArrowRef, scrollUpArrowRef } = useSelectPositionerContext();
+  const { side, scrollDownArrowRef, scrollUpArrowRef } = useSelectScrollArrowContext();
 
-  const visibleSelector = isUp ? 'scrollUpArrowVisible' : 'scrollDownArrowVisible';
-
-  const stateVisible = store.useState(visibleSelector);
-  const openMethod = store.useState('openMethod');
-
-  // Scroll arrows are disabled for touch modality as they are a hover-only element.
-  const visible = stateVisible && openMethod !== 'touch';
+  const visible = store.useState(isUp ? 'scrollUpArrowShown' : 'scrollDownArrowShown');
 
   const timeout = useTimeout();
 
diff --git a/packages/react/src/select/store.ts b/packages/react/src/select/store.ts
index 52c14106668..28250b99d8a 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/select/store.ts
+++ b/packages/react/src/select/store.ts
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ export const selectors = {
 
   scrollUpArrowVisible: (state: State) => state.scrollUpArrowVisible,
   scrollDownArrowVisible: (state: State) => state.scrollDownArrowVisible,
+  // Scroll arrows are disabled for touch modality as they are a hover-only element.
+  scrollUpArrowShown: (state: State) => state.scrollUpArrowVisible && state.openMethod !== 'touch',
+  scrollDownArrowShown: (state: State) =>
+    state.scrollDownArrowVisible && state.openMethod !== 'touch',
 
   hasScrollArrows: (state: State) => state.hasScrollArrows,
 };