diff --git a/changelog.d/20231012_061908_nedbat.rst b/changelog.d/20231012_061908_nedbat.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2314db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/20231012_061908_nedbat.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Changed
+.......
+
+- If there are no changelog fragments, ``scriv collect`` now exits with status
+  code of 2, fixing `issue 110`_.
+
+.. _issue 110: https://github.com/nedbat/scriv/issues/110
diff --git a/src/scriv/collect.py b/src/scriv/collect.py
index 1d05835..7f85d0e 100644
--- a/src/scriv/collect.py
+++ b/src/scriv/collect.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def collect(
     frags = scriv.fragments_to_combine()
     if not frags:
         logger.info("No changelog fragments to collect")
-        return
+        sys.exit(2)
 
     changelog = scriv.changelog()
     changelog.read()
diff --git a/tests/test_collect.py b/tests/test_collect.py
index 1be7cb7..fade884 100644
--- a/tests/test_collect.py
+++ b/tests/test_collect.py
@@ -434,7 +434,8 @@ def test_no_fragments(cli_invoke, changelog_d, temp_dir, caplog):
     (changelog_d / "README.rst").write_text("This directory has fragments")
     (temp_dir / "CHANGELOG.rst").write_text("Not much\n")
     with freezegun.freeze_time("2020-02-25T15:18:19"):
-        cli_invoke(["collect"])
+        result = cli_invoke(["collect"], expect_ok=False)
+    assert result.exit_code == 2
     changelog_text = (temp_dir / "CHANGELOG.rst").read_text()
     assert changelog_text == "Not much\n"
     assert "No changelog fragments to collect" in caplog.text