Kyle Sherman
Kyle W T Sherman
Author: <<full-name>>
(concat "kyle" "w" "sherman" "@" "gmail" "." "com")<<email-gen()>>
(concat "<<author>>" " <" "<<email>>" ">")<<author-email-gen()>>
(format-time-string "%Y" nil t)(if (string= "<<year()>>" start-year)
start-year
(concat start-year "-<<year()>>"))Copyright © <<year-range()>> <<full-name>>
// <<copyright>>
// MIT License
The MIT License (MIT)
<<copyright>>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
Needed in order to toggle to real mode from a protected mode MS-DOS executable.
mkdir -p "${path}"/bin
base64 -d > "${path}/bin/CWSDPMI.EXE" <<EOF
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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADo
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chmod 755 "${path}/bin/CWSDPMI.EXE".RECIPEPREFIX = >
CXX = i686-pc-msdosdjgpp-gcc
#CXXFLAGS = -m16 -Wall
CXXFLAGS = -m32 -Wall
all: hello
hello:
> cp ../bin/CWSDPMI.EXE .
> $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o hello.exe *.c
clean:
> rm -f *.exe *.EXE/**
* Print: Hello, world!
*/
#include <stdio.h> // printf
#include <stdlib.h> // EXIT_SUCCESS
int main(void) {
printf("Hello, world!\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}cd hello
make clean && make && dosbox hello.exe &.RECIPEPREFIX = >
CXX = i686-pc-msdosdjgpp-gcc
CXXFLAGS = -m32 -Wall
all: colors
colors:
> cp ../bin/CWSDPMI.EXE .
> $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o colors.exe *.c
clean:
> rm -f *.exe *.EXE/**
* Colors
*
* Display VGA colors.
*/
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/nearptr.h>
#define VIDEO_INT 0x10 // BIOS video interrupt
#define SET_MODE 0x00 // BIOS function to set video mode
#define VGA_16_COLOR_MODE 0x12 // use to set 16 color VGA mode
#define VGA_256_COLOR_MODE 0x13 // use to set 256 color VGA mode
#define TEXT_MODE 0x03 // use to set text mode
#define PIXEL_PLOT 0x0C // BIOS function to plot a pixel
#define VIDEO_MEMORY 0xA0000 // start of video memory
#define SYSTEM_CLOCK 0x046C // system clock memory location
#define VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // width in pixels of VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT 480 // height in pixels of VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_16_COLOR_NUM_COLORS 16 // number of colors in VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH 320 // width in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT 200 // height in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define VGA_256_COLOR_NUM_COLORS 256 // number of colors in VGA mode 0x13
#define CLOCK_HZ 18.2 // system clock HZ
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned short ushort;
byte *vga = (byte *)VIDEO_MEMORY;
byte vga_mode;
ushort screen_width;
ushort *clk = (ushort *)SYSTEM_CLOCK;
void set_mode(byte mode) {
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah = SET_MODE;
regs.h.al = mode;
int86(VIDEO_INT, ®s, ®s);
}
void sleep(int msec) {
ushort ticks;
ushort ts;
ticks = msec * CLOCK_HZ / 1000;
ts = *clk;
while (*clk - ts < ticks) {
*clk = *clk; // force compiler to properly loop
}
}
void draw_pixel(ushort x, ushort y, byte color) {
ushort offset;
offset = y * screen_width + x;
//offset = (y<<8) + (y<<6) + x; // faster, but harder to understand
vga[offset] = color;
}
void draw_box(ushort x1, ushort y1, ushort x2, ushort y2, byte color) {
ushort x, y;
if (y1 > y2) {
y = y1;
y1 = y2;
y2 = y;
}
if (x1 > x2) {
x = x1;
x1 = x2;
x2 = x;
}
for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
draw_pixel(x, y, color);
//printf("x: %d, y: %d, color: %d\n", x, y, color);
sleep(100);
}
}
}
void draw_16_colors() {
ushort x1, y1, x2, y2;
for (ushort color = 0; color < VGA_16_COLOR_NUM_COLORS; color++) {
x1 = color % 2 * VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
x2 = x1 + VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
y1 = color / 2 * 20;
y2 = y1 + 15;
draw_box(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
}
}
int main(void) {
if (__djgpp_nearptr_enable() == 0) {
printf("Could not get access to first 640K of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
vga += __djgpp_conventional_base;
clk = (void *)clk + __djgpp_conventional_base;
// seed number generator
srand(*clk);
// set vga mode (16), clear screen, and draw colors
screen_width = VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH;
set_mode(VGA_16_COLOR_MODE);
//draw_16_colors();
draw_box(0, 0, 100, 100, 1);
// wait for key-press
getch();
// set text mode and clear screen
set_mode(TEXT_MODE);
clrscr();
__djgpp_nearptr_disable();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}cd colors
make clean && make && dosbox colors.exe &.RECIPEPREFIX = >
CXX = i686-pc-msdosdjgpp-gcc
CXXFLAGS = -m32 -Wall
all: lines
lines:
> cp ../bin/CWSDPMI.EXE .
> $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o lines.exe *.c
clean:
> rm -f *.exe *.EXE/**
* Lines
*
* Draw lines using Bresenham's algorithm:
*
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresenham%27s_line_algorithm
*/
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/nearptr.h>
#define VIDEO_INT 0x10 // BIOS video interrupt
#define SET_MODE 0x00 // BIOS function to set video mode
#define VGA_256_COLOR_MODE 0x13 // use to set 256 VGA color mode
#define TEXT_MODE 0x03 // use to set text mode
#define PIXEL_PLOT 0x0C // BIOS function to plot a pixel
#define VIDEO_MEMORY 0xA0000 // start of video memory
#define SYSTEM_CLOCK 0x046C // system clock memory location
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 320 // width in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 200 // height in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define NUM_COLORS 256 // number of colors in VGA mode
#define CLOCK_HZ 18.2 // system clock HZ
// use all colors except black (0)
#define RANDOM_COLOR() (rand() % (NUM_COLORS - 1) + 1)
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned short ushort;
byte *vga = (byte *)VIDEO_MEMORY;
ushort *clk = (ushort *)SYSTEM_CLOCK;
void set_mode(byte mode) {
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah = SET_MODE;
regs.h.al = mode;
int86(VIDEO_INT, ®s, ®s);
}
void sleep(int msec) {
ushort ticks;
ushort ts;
ticks = msec * CLOCK_HZ / 1000.0;
ts = *clk;
while (*clk - ts < ticks) {
*clk = *clk; // force compiler to properly loop
}
}
void draw_pixel(ushort x, ushort y, byte color) {
ushort offset;
offset = y * SCREEN_WIDTH + x;
//offset = (y<<8) + (y<<6) + x; // faster, but harder to understand
vga[offset] = color;
}
void draw_line(ushort x1, ushort y1, ushort x2, ushort y2, byte color) {
ushort x, y;
int dx, dy, sx, sy, e1, e2;
dx = x2 - x1;
if (dx < 0) dx = -dx;
sx = (x1 < x2) ? 1 : -1;
dy = y2 - y1;
if (dy > 0) dy = -dy;
sy = (y1 < y2) ? 1 : -1;
e1 = dx + dy;
x = x1;
y = y1;
while (1) {
if (x < SCREEN_WIDTH && y < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
draw_pixel(x, y, color);
}
if (x == x2 && y == y2) break;
e2 = 2 * e1;
if (e2 >= dy) {
if (x == x2) break;
e1 += dy;
x += sx;
}
if (e2 <= dx) {
if (y == y2) break;
e1 += dx;
y += sy;
}
}
}
double degrees_to_radians(ushort degree) {
return degree * M_PI / 180.0;
}
void draw_lines() {
ushort x1, y1, x2, y2, deg;
byte color;
x1 = 0;
y1 = 0;
x2 = SCREEN_WIDTH - 1;
y2 = 0;
color = 1;
for (deg = 0; deg <= 90; deg += 1) {
// draw line
draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
// add degrees until 90
y2 = (ushort)((SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1) * sin(degrees_to_radians(deg)));
}
y2 = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 1;
for (deg = 90; deg <= 180; deg += 1) {
// draw line
draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
// add degrees until 90
x2 = (ushort)((SCREEN_WIDTH - 1) * sin(degrees_to_radians(deg)));
}
}
int main(void) {
if (__djgpp_nearptr_enable() == 0) {
printf("Could not get access to first 640K of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
vga += __djgpp_conventional_base;
clk = (void *)clk + __djgpp_conventional_base;
// seed number generator
srand(*clk);
// set vga mode and clear screen
set_mode(VGA_256_COLOR_MODE);
// main loop
draw_lines();
// wait for key-press
getch();
// set text mode and clear screen
set_mode(TEXT_MODE);
clrscr();
__djgpp_nearptr_disable();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}cd lines
make clean && make && dosbox lines.exe &.RECIPEPREFIX = >
CXX = i686-pc-msdosdjgpp-gcc
CXXFLAGS = -m32 -Wall
all: qixlines
qixlines:
> cp ../bin/CWSDPMI.EXE .
> $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o qixlines.exe *.c
clean:
> rm -f *.exe *.EXE/**
* QIX Lines
*
* Draw QIX lines with alternating colors.
*/
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/nearptr.h>
#define VIDEO_INT 0x10 // BIOS video interrupt
#define SET_MODE 0x00 // BIOS function to set video mode
#define VGA_16_COLOR_MODE 0x12 // use to set 16 color VGA mode
#define VGA_256_COLOR_MODE 0x13 // use to set 256 color VGA mode
#define TEXT_MODE 0x03 // use to set text mode
#define PIXEL_PLOT 0x0C // BIOS function to plot a pixel
#define VIDEO_MEMORY 0xA0000 // start of video memory
#define SYSTEM_CLOCK 0x046C // system clock memory location
#define VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // width in pixels of VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT 480 // height in pixels of VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_16_COLOR_NUM_COLORS 16 // number of colors in VGA mode 0x12
#define VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH 320 // width in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT 200 // height in pixels of VGA mode 0x13
#define VGA_256_COLOR_NUM_COLORS 256 // number of colors in VGA mode 0x13
#define CLOCK_HZ 18.2 // system clock HZ
#define COLOR_BG 0 // default background color
#define COLOR_FG 1 // default foreground color
#define MAX_SIN 180 // maximum allowed value for sin math
#define HISTORY_SIZE 10 // how many lines to display at once
#define STEP 8 // line spacing
#define STEP_RANGE 6 // spacing plus/minus range
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned short ushort;
typedef struct {
short x1;
short y1;
short x2;
short y2;
byte color;
} line_s;
typedef struct {
byte help;
byte vga_mode;
} args_s;
byte *vga = (byte *)VIDEO_MEMORY;
byte vga_mode;
ushort screen_width, screen_height, num_colors;
ushort *clk = (ushort *)SYSTEM_CLOCK;
void set_mode(byte mode) {
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah = SET_MODE;
regs.h.al = mode;
int86(VIDEO_INT, ®s, ®s);
}
void sleep(int msec) {
ushort ticks;
ushort ts;
ticks = msec * CLOCK_HZ / 1000;
ts = *clk;
while (*clk - ts < ticks) {
*clk = *clk; // force compiler to properly loop
}
}
byte random_color() {
if (vga_mode == vga_mode == VGA_256_COLOR_MODE) {
return rand() % num_colors;
} else {
// use all colors except black (0)
return rand() % (num_colors - 1) + 1;
}
}
void linecpy(line_s *target_line, line_s *source_line) {
target_line->x1 = source_line->x1;
target_line->y1 = source_line->y1;
target_line->x2 = source_line->x2;
target_line->y2 = source_line->y2;
target_line->color = source_line->color;
}
void draw_pixel(ushort x, ushort y, byte color) {
ushort offset;
offset = y * screen_width + x;
//offset = (y<<8) + (y<<6) + x; // faster, but harder to understand
vga[offset] = color;
}
void draw_line(line_s *line) {
ushort x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y;
byte color;
int dx, dy, sx, sy, e1, e2;
x1 = line->x1;
y1 = line->y1;
x2 = line->x2;
y2 = line->y2;
color = line->color;
dx = x2 - x1;
if (dx < 0) dx = -dx;
sx = (x1 < x2) ? 1 : -1;
dy = y2 - y1;
if (dy > 0) dy = -dy;
sy = (y1 < y2) ? 1 : -1;
e1 = dx + dy;
x = x1;
y = y1;
while (1) {
if (x < screen_width && y < screen_height) {
draw_pixel(x, y, color);
}
if (x == x2 && y == y2) break;
e2 = 2 * e1;
if (e2 >= dy) {
if (x == x2) break;
e1 += dy;
x += sx;
}
if (e2 <= dx) {
if (y == y2) break;
e1 += dx;
y += sy;
}
}
}
ushort next_degree(ushort degree) {
// add randomly to the degree
ushort d = degree + STEP + rand() % (STEP_RANGE * 2 + 1) - STEP_RANGE;
if (d >= MAX_SIN) d = d - MAX_SIN;
return d;
}
double degrees_to_radians(ushort degree) {
return degree * M_PI / 180.0;
}
void next_line(line_s *line, line_s *line_delta, line_s *line_degree) {
// randomly add to the degrees
line_degree->x1 = next_degree(line_degree->x1);
line_degree->y1 = next_degree(line_degree->y1);
line_degree->x2 = next_degree(line_degree->x2);
line_degree->y2 = next_degree(line_degree->y2);
// add using sin modified by a delta for each coordinate dimension
line->x1 += (ushort)(line_delta->x1 * sin(degrees_to_radians(line_degree->x1)));
line->y1 += (ushort)(line_delta->y1 * sin(degrees_to_radians(line_degree->y1)));
line->x2 += (ushort)(line_delta->x2 * sin(degrees_to_radians(line_degree->x2)));
line->y2 += (ushort)(line_delta->y2 * sin(degrees_to_radians(line_degree->y2)));
// if any coordinates are out of range, reverse their direction and change color
if (line->x1 < 0) {
line->x1 = 0 - line->x1;
line_delta->x1 = -line_delta->x1;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->x1 >= screen_width) {
line->x1 = screen_width - (line->x1 - screen_width);
line_delta->x1 = -line_delta->x1;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->y1 < 0) {
line->y1 = 0 - line->y1;
line_delta->y1 = -line_delta->y1;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->y1 >= screen_height) {
line->y1 = screen_height - (line->y1 - screen_height);
line_delta->y1 = -line_delta->y1;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->x2 < 0) {
line->x2 = 0 - line->x2;
line_delta->x2 = -line_delta->x2;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->x2 >= screen_width) {
line->x2 = screen_width - (line->x2 - screen_width);
line_delta->x2 = -line_delta->x2;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->y2 < 0) {
line->y2 = 0 - line->y2;
line_delta->y2 = -line_delta->y2;
line->color = random_color();
}
if (line->y2 >= screen_height) {
line->y2 = screen_height - (line->y2 - screen_height);
line_delta->y2 = -line_delta->y2;
line->color = random_color();
}
}
// draw lines until a key is pressed
void draw_lines() {
line_s line, line_delta, line_degree, line_history[HISTORY_SIZE];
ushort i, history_index;
// randomize starting values
line.x1 = rand() % screen_width;
line.y1 = rand() % screen_height;
line.x2 = rand() % screen_width;
line.y2 = rand() % screen_height;
line.color = COLOR_BG;
line_delta.x1 = STEP;
line_delta.y1 = STEP;
line_delta.x2 = STEP;
line_delta.y2 = STEP;
line_degree.x1 = rand() % MAX_SIN;
line_degree.y1 = rand() % MAX_SIN;
line_degree.x2 = rand() % MAX_SIN;
line_degree.y2 = rand() % MAX_SIN;
// initialize history
for (i = 0; i < HISTORY_SIZE; i++) {
linecpy(&line_history[i], &line);
}
history_index = 0;
// loop until key-press
while (!kbhit()) {
// get next line
next_line(&line, &line_delta, &line_degree);
// draw line
draw_line(&line);
// undraw oldest line
line_history[history_index].color = COLOR_BG;
draw_line(&line_history[history_index]);
// add to history
linecpy(&line_history[history_index++], &line);
if (history_index >= HISTORY_SIZE) history_index = 0;
// pause to slow down draw speed
sleep(100);
}
// consume key-press
getch();
}
void parse_args(int argc, char *argv[], args_s *args) {
int i;
// set defaults
args->help = 0;
args->vga_mode = VGA_256_COLOR_MODE;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (strcmp(argv[i], "lo") == 0) {
args->vga_mode = VGA_256_COLOR_MODE;
} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "hi") == 0) {
args->vga_mode = VGA_16_COLOR_MODE;
} else {
args->help = 1;
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
args_s args;
if (__djgpp_nearptr_enable() == 0) {
printf("Could not get access to first 640K of memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
vga += __djgpp_conventional_base;
clk = (void *)clk + __djgpp_conventional_base;
// seed number generator
srand(*clk);
// defaults
args.help = 0;
args.vga_mode = VGA_256_COLOR_MODE;
// parse parameters
parse_args(argc, argv, &args);
// display help
if (args.help) {
printf("Usage: %s [lo|hi]\n", argv[0]);
printf("Where:\n");
printf(" lo - VGA 256 color mode (320x200)\n");
printf(" hi - VGA 16 color mode (640x480)\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// set modes
vga_mode = args.vga_mode;
if (vga_mode == VGA_256_COLOR_MODE) {
screen_width = VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH;
screen_height = VGA_256_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT;
num_colors = VGA_256_COLOR_NUM_COLORS;
} else {
screen_width = VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_WIDTH;
screen_height = VGA_16_COLOR_SCREEN_HEIGHT;
num_colors = VGA_16_COLOR_NUM_COLORS;
}
// set vga mode and clear screen
set_mode(vga_mode);
// main loop
draw_lines();
// set text mode and clear screen
set_mode(TEXT_MODE);
clrscr();
__djgpp_nearptr_disable();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}cd qixlines
make clean && make && dosbox qixlines.exe &*\.SWP
* DJGPP GCC Programs for MS-DOS
See the "Build and Run" sections of [[file:msdos-djgpp.org][msdos-djgpp.org]] to see how to build, clean,
and run these applications using the DOSBox emulator. In general you follow
these steps:
Build with =make=.
Clean with =make clean=.
Run with =dosbox NAME.EXE=.
All files are generated from [[file:msdos-djgpp.org][msdos-djgpp.org]] using Emacs' org-mode literate
programming system to "tangle" them.
root42's "Let's Code: MS-DOS" series was instrumental in creating these
programs.
<<copyright>>
License: [[file:LICENSE][MIT License]]
*** [[hello][Hello World]]
Just prints "Hello, world!".
*** [[qixlines][Qix Lines]]
Draws lines on the screen like the game Qix.
#+NAME: Qix Lines Video
[[file:qixlines/qixlines.mkv][file:qix-lines/qixlines.gif]]
<<license-header>>