Move API component `ComponentProvider`s into API packages

[Nevay]

Should move API component ComponentProviders from open-telemetry/sdk-configuration to either open-telemetry/api or their respective API extension package (see #[PackageDependency] declaration).

ComponentProviders that should be moved:

• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-php/tree/main/src/Config/SDK/ComponentProvider/Instrumentation/General
• https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-php/tree/main/src/Config/SDK/ComponentProvider/Propagator

[bobstrecansky]

@Nevay - are you planning on working on this or was this an issue for "help wanted"?