expected performance for software encoding

[realies]

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after weeks of fighting with amd 9950x igpu passthrough to a windows vm, and the never ending amd gpu reset issues that make it impossible to use the igpu if the vm restarts or shuts down without power cycling the host first, i decided to give sunshine software encoding a try

unfortunately, i'm getting about 7-30fps on 1080p with the fastest ffmpeg presets and moonlight set to either 60 or 120fps

is this expected? the 16 threads dedicated to this vm are barely using 2% of the cpu, is there something else that could be the bottleneck?

[ReenigneArcher]

Software encoding is slow and will never come close to gpu encoding. You might need to lower the resolution a little more.

[realies]

is this because ffmpeg can't encode in realtime?