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Deploy spatial data with PostgreSQL

The following document provides guidelines how to install PostGIS and how to run the basic queries.

Considerations

  1. We assume that you have the basic knowledge of spatial data, GIS (Geographical Information System) and of shapefiles.
  2. For uploading the spatial data and querying the database, we use the same data set :octicons-link-external-16: as is used in PostGIS tutorial :octicons-link-external-16:.

Install PostGIS

=== ":material-debian: On Debian and Ubuntu"

1. Enable Percona repository

    As other components of Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL, PostGIS is available from Percona repositories. Use the [`percona-release` :octicons-link-external-16:](https://docs.percona.com/percona-software-repositories/installing.html) repository management tool to enable the repository. 

    ```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
    $ sudo percona-release setup ppg{{pgversion}}
    ```

2. Install PostGIS packages

    ```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
    $ sudo apt install percona-postgis
    ```

3. The command in the previous step installs the set of PostGIS extensions. To check what extensions are available, run the following query from the `psql` terminal:

    ```sql
    SELECT name, default_version,installed_version
    FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name LIKE 'postgis%' or name LIKE address%';
    ```

    !!! note

        To enable the `postgis_sfcgal-3` extension on Ubuntu 18.04, you need to manually install the required dependency:

        ```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
        $ sudo apt-get install libsfcgal1
        ```

=== ":material-redhat: On RHEL and derivatives"

1. Check the [Platform specific notes](../yum.md#for-postgis) and enable required repositories and modules for the dependencies relevant to your operating system.

2. Enable Percona repository    

    As other components of Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL, PostGIS is available from Percona repositories. Use the [`percona-release` :octicons-link-external-16:](https://docs.percona.com/percona-software-repositories/installing.html) repository management tool to enable the repository.     

    ```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
    $ sudo percona-release setup ppg{{pgversion}}
    ```    

3. Install the extension    

    ```{.bash data-prompt="$"}                    
    $ sudo yum install percona-postgis33_{{pgversion}} percona-postgis33_{{pgversion}}-client
    ```       

This installs the set of PostGIS extensions. To check what extensions are available, run the following query from the `psql` terminal:        

```sql
SELECT name, default_version,installed_version
FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name LIKE 'postgis%' or name LIKE 'address%';
```

=== ":octicons-download-16: From tarballs"

PostGIS is included into binary tarball and is a part of the `percona-postgresql{{pgversion}}` binary. Use the [install from tarballs](../tarball.md) tutorial to install it.

Enable PostGIS extension

  1. Create a database and a schema for this database to store your data. A schema is a container that logically segments objects (tables, functions, views, and so on) for better management. Run the following commands from the psql terminal:

    CREATE database nyc;
\c nyc;
CREATE SCHEMA gis;

  2. To make PostGIS functions and operations work, you need to enable the postgis extension. Make sure you are connected to the database you created earlier and run the following command:

    CREATE EXTENSION postgis;

  3. Check that the extension is enabled:

    SELECT postgis_full_version();

    The output should be similar to the following:

    postgis_full_version
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 POSTGIS="3.3.3" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="140" GEOS="3.10.2-CAPI-1.16.0" PROJ="8.2.1" LIBXML="2.9.13" LIBJSON="0.15" LIBPROTOBUF="1.3.3" WAGYU="0.5.0 (Internal)"

Upload spatial data to PostgreSQL

PostGIS provides the shp2pgsql command line utility that converts the binary data from shapefiles into the series of SQL commands and loads them into the database.

  1. For testing purposes, download the sample data set:

    $ curl -LO https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.cleverelephant.ca/postgis-workshop-2020.zip

  2. Unzip the archive and from the folder where the .shp files are located, execute the following command and replace the dbname value with the name of your database:

    shp2pgsql \
  -D \
  -I \
  -s 26918 \
  nyc_streets.shp \
  nyc_streets \
  | psql -U postgres dbname=nyc

    The command does the following:

    • -D flag instructs the command to generate the dump format
    • -I flag instructs to create the spatial index on the table upon the data load
    • -s indicates the spatial reference identifier :octicons-link-external-16: of the data. The data we load is in the Projected coordinate system for North America and has the value 26918.
    • nyc_streets.shp is the source shapefile
    • nyc_streets is the table name to create in the database
    • dbname=nyc is the database name

  3. Check the uploaded data

    \d nyc_streets;
                                         Table "public.nyc_streets"
 Column |              Type               | Collation | Nullable |                 Default
--------+---------------------------------+-----------+----------+------------------------------------------
 gid    | integer                         |           | not null | nextval('nyc_streets_gid_seq'::regclass)
 id     | double precision                |           |          |
 name   | character varying(200)          |           |          |
 oneway | character varying(10)           |           |          |
 type   | character varying(50)           |           |          |
 geom   | geometry(MultiLineString,26918) |           |          |
Indexes:
    "nyc_streets_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (gid)
    "nyc_streets_geom_idx" gist (geom)

  4. Repeat the command to upload other shapefiles in the data set: nyc_census_blocks, nyc_neighborhoods, nyc_subway_stations