sql: make global indexes a new doc and add more contents

[hfxsd]

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• This PR is translated from:sql: make global indexes a new doc and add more contents docs-cn#20855
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[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @hfxsd, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request significantly refactors the documentation for TiDB's global indexes. The primary goal is to consolidate all relevant information into a single, dedicated document, thereby enhancing clarity, consistency, and ease of maintenance across the entire documentation set. This change ensures that users can find comprehensive details about global indexes in one authoritative location, rather than fragmented across multiple files.

Highlights

• New Global Indexes Document: A comprehensive new document, 'global-indexes.md', has been added to centralize all information regarding TiDB's global indexes, including their use cases, advantages, usage, working principles, and performance test results.
• Documentation Structure Update: The main Table of Contents files ('TOC.md' and 'TOC-tidb-cloud.md') have been updated to include a direct link to the new 'Global Indexes' document, improving navigability.
• Link Consolidation: Numerous existing documentation files, such as 'basic-features.md', 'partitioned-table.md', and various SQL statement and release notes, have been updated to replace scattered information or old links about global indexes with a consistent reference to the new dedicated document.
• Content Refactoring: The detailed section on 'Global indexes' previously present in 'partitioned-table.md' has been removed and replaced with a concise link to the new, dedicated 'global-indexes.md' file, reducing redundancy and improving content organization.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request introduces a new, comprehensive document for Global Indexes and updates all relevant links across the documentation. This is a great structural improvement. The new document is well-written and detailed. I've provided several minor suggestions for grammar, formatting, and consistency to further improve clarity and adherence to the style guide. I also noted a potential issue with an image link pointing to a personal repository.

[ti-chi-bot]

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