diff --git a/src/Qiniu/Processing/PersistentFop.php b/src/Qiniu/Processing/PersistentFop.php
index acb9f15e..8dca4a9f 100644
--- a/src/Qiniu/Processing/PersistentFop.php
+++ b/src/Qiniu/Processing/PersistentFop.php
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ public function execute(
         if (is_array($fops)) {
             $fops = implode(';', $fops);
         }
+
+        if (!$fops && !$workflow_template_id) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Must provide one of fops or template_id');
+        }
+
         $params = array('bucket' => $bucket, 'key' => $key);
         \Qiniu\setWithoutEmpty($params, 'fops', $fops);
         \Qiniu\setWithoutEmpty($params, 'pipeline', $pipeline);
diff --git a/tests/Qiniu/Tests/PfopTest.php b/tests/Qiniu/Tests/PfopTest.php
index 1fbce7e8..77d06ecb 100755
--- a/tests/Qiniu/Tests/PfopTest.php
+++ b/tests/Qiniu/Tests/PfopTest.php
@@ -167,6 +167,30 @@ public function testPfopExecuteWithOptions()
         }
     }
 
+    public function testPfopWithInvalidArgument()
+    {
+        $bucket = self::$bucketName;
+        $key = 'qiniu.png';
+        $pfop = new PersistentFop(self::$testAuth, self::getConfig());
+        $err = null;
+        try {
+            $pfop->execute(
+                $bucket,
+                $key
+            );
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            $err = $e;
+        }
+
+        $this->assertNotEmpty($err);
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            strpos(
+                $err->getMessage(),
+                'Must provide one of fops or template_id'
+            ) !== false
+        );
+    }
+
     public function testPfopWithUploadPolicy()
     {
         $bucket = self::$bucketName;