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dockprom

A monitoring solution for Docker hosts and containers with Prometheus, Grafana, cAdvisor, NodeExporter and alerting with AlertManager.

If you're looking for the Docker Swarm version please go to stefanprodan/swarmprom

Install

Clone this repository on your Docker host, cd into dockprom directory and run compose up:

git clone https://github.com/stefanprodan/dockprom
cd dockprom

ADMIN_USER=admin ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin docker-compose up -d

Prerequisites:

  • Docker Engine >= 1.13
  • Docker Compose >= 1.11

Containers:

  • Prometheus (metrics database) http://<host-ip>:9090
  • Prometheus-Pushgateway (push acceptor for ephemeral and batch jobs) http://<host-ip>:9091
  • AlertManager (alerts management) http://<host-ip>:9093
  • Grafana (visualize metrics) http://<host-ip>:3000
  • NodeExporter (host metrics collector)
  • cAdvisor (containers metrics collector)
  • Caddy (reverse proxy and basic auth provider for prometheus and alertmanager)

Setup Grafana

Navigate to http://<host-ip>:3000 and login with user admin password admin. You can change the credentials in the compose file or by supplying the ADMIN_USER and ADMIN_PASSWORD environment variables on compose up.

Grafana is preconfigured with dashboards and Prometheus as the default data source:

Docker Host Dashboard

Host

The Docker Host Dashboard shows key metrics for monitoring the resource usage of your server:

  • Server uptime, CPU idle percent, number of CPU cores, available memory, swap and storage
  • System load average graph, running and blocked by IO processes graph, interrupts graph
  • CPU usage graph by mode (guest, idle, iowait, irq, nice, softirq, steal, system, user)
  • Memory usage graph by distribution (used, free, buffers, cached)
  • IO usage graph (read Bps, read Bps and IO time)
  • Network usage graph by device (inbound Bps, Outbound Bps)
  • Swap usage and activity graphs

For storage and particularly Free Storage graph, you have to specify the fstype in grafana graph request. You can find it in grafana/dashboards/docker_host.json, at line 480 :

  "expr": "sum(node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=\"btrfs\"})",

I work on BTRFS, so i need to change aufs to btrfs.

You can find right value for your system in Prometheus http://<host-ip>:9090 launching this request :

  node_filesystem_free_bytes

Docker Containers Dashboard

Containers

The Docker Containers Dashboard shows key metrics for monitoring running containers:

  • Total containers CPU load, memory and storage usage
  • Running containers graph, system load graph, IO usage graph
  • Container CPU usage graph
  • Container memory usage graph
  • Container cached memory usage graph
  • Container network inbound usage graph
  • Container network outbound usage graph

Note that this dashboard doesn't show the containers that are part of the monitoring stack.

Monitor Services Dashboard

Monitor Services

The Monitor Services Dashboard shows key metrics for monitoring the containers that make up the monitoring stack:

  • Prometheus container uptime, monitoring stack total memory usage, Prometheus local storage memory chunks and series
  • Container CPU usage graph
  • Container memory usage graph
  • Prometheus chunks to persist and persistence urgency graphs
  • Prometheus chunks ops and checkpoint duration graphs
  • Prometheus samples ingested rate, target scrapes and scrape duration graphs
  • Prometheus HTTP requests graph
  • Prometheus alerts graph

I've set the Prometheus retention period to 200h and the heap size to 1GB, you can change these values in the compose file.

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    command:
      - '-storage.local.target-heap-size=1073741824'
      - '-storage.local.retention=200h'

Make sure you set the heap size to a maximum of 50% of the total physical memory.

Define alerts

I've setup three alerts configuration files:

You can modify the alert rules and reload them by making a HTTP POST call to Prometheus:

curl -X POST http://admin:admin@<host-ip>:9090/-/reload

Monitoring services alerts

Trigger an alert if any of the monitoring targets (node-exporter and cAdvisor) are down for more than 30 seconds:

ALERT monitor_service_down
  IF up == 0
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "critical" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
      summary = "Monitor service non-operational",
      description = "{{ $labels.instance }} service is down.",
  }

Docker Host alerts

Trigger an alert if the Docker host CPU is under high load for more than 30 seconds:

ALERT high_cpu_load
  IF node_load1 > 1.5
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "warning" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
      summary = "Server under high load",
      description = "Docker host is under high load, the avg load 1m is at {{ $value}}. Reported by instance {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }}.",
  }

Modify the load threshold based on your CPU cores.

Trigger an alert if the Docker host memory is almost full:

ALERT high_memory_load
  IF (sum(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) - sum(node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes) ) / sum(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes) * 100 > 85
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "warning" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
      summary = "Server memory is almost full",
      description = "Docker host memory usage is {{ humanize $value}}%. Reported by instance {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }}.",
  }

Trigger an alert if the Docker host storage is almost full:

ALERT hight_storage_load
  IF (node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype="aufs"} - node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype="aufs"}) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype="aufs"}  * 100 > 85
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "warning" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
      summary = "Server storage is almost full",
      description = "Docker host storage usage is {{ humanize $value}}%. Reported by instance {{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }}.",
  }

Docker Containers alerts

Trigger an alert if a container is down for more than 30 seconds:

ALERT jenkins_down
  IF absent(container_memory_usage_bytes{name="jenkins"})
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "critical" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
    summary= "Jenkins down",
    description= "Jenkins container is down for more than 30 seconds."
  }

Trigger an alert if a container is using more than 10% of total CPU cores for more than 30 seconds:

 ALERT jenkins_high_cpu
  IF sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{name="jenkins"}[1m])) / count(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="system"}) * 100 > 10
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "warning" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
    summary= "Jenkins high CPU usage",
    description= "Jenkins CPU usage is {{ humanize $value}}%."
  }

Trigger an alert if a container is using more than 1,2GB of RAM for more than 30 seconds:

ALERT jenkins_high_memory
  IF sum(container_memory_usage_bytes{name="jenkins"}) > 1200000000
  FOR 30s
  LABELS { severity = "warning" }
  ANNOTATIONS {
      summary = "Jenkins high memory usage",
      description = "Jenkins memory consumption is at {{ humanize $value}}.",
  }

Setup alerting

The AlertManager service is responsible for handling alerts sent by Prometheus server. AlertManager can send notifications via email, Pushover, Slack, HipChat or any other system that exposes a webhook interface. A complete list of integrations can be found here.

You can view and silence notifications by accessing http://<host-ip>:9093.

The notification receivers can be configured in alertmanager/config.yml file.

To receive alerts via Slack you need to make a custom integration by choose incoming web hooks in your Slack team app page. You can find more details on setting up Slack integration here.

Copy the Slack Webhook URL into the api_url field and specify a Slack channel.

route:
    receiver: 'slack'

receivers:
    - name: 'slack'
      slack_configs:
          - send_resolved: true
            text: "{{ .CommonAnnotations.description }}"
            username: 'Prometheus'
            channel: '#<channel>'
            api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/<webhook-id>'

Slack Notifications

Sending metrics to the Pushgateway

The pushgateway is used to collect data from batch jobs or from services.

To push data, simply execute:

echo "some_metric 3.14" | curl --data-binary @- http://user:password@localhost:9091/metrics/job/some_job

Please replace the user:password part with your user and password set in the initial configuration (default: admin:admin).

Updating Grafana to v5.2.2

In Grafana versions >= 5.1 the id of the grafana user has been changed. Unfortunately this means that files created prior to 5.1 won’t have the correct permissions for later versions.

Version User User ID
< 5.1 grafana 104
>= 5.1 grafana 472

There are two possible solutions to this problem.

  • Change ownership from 104 to 472
  • Start the upgraded container as user 104
Specifying a user in docker-compose.yml

To change ownership of the files run your grafana container as root and modify the permissions.

First perform a docker-compose down then modify your docker-compose.yml to include the user: root option:

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:5.2.2
    container_name: grafana
    volumes:
      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
      - ./grafana/datasources:/etc/grafana/datasources
      - ./grafana/dashboards:/etc/grafana/dashboards
      - ./grafana/setup.sh:/setup.sh
    entrypoint: /setup.sh
    user: root
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=${ADMIN_USER:-admin}
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=${ADMIN_PASSWORD:-admin}
      - GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
    restart: unless-stopped
    expose:
      - 3000
    networks:
      - monitor-net
    labels:
      org.label-schema.group: "monitoring"

Perform a docker-compose up -d and then issue the following commands:

docker exec -it --user root grafana bash

# in the container you just started:
chown -R root:root /etc/grafana && \
chmod -R a+r /etc/grafana && \
chown -R grafana:grafana /var/lib/grafana && \
chown -R grafana:grafana /usr/share/grafana

To run the grafana container as user: 104 change your docker-compose.yml like such:

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:5.2.2
    container_name: grafana
    volumes:
      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
      - ./grafana/datasources:/etc/grafana/datasources
      - ./grafana/dashboards:/etc/grafana/dashboards
      - ./grafana/setup.sh:/setup.sh
    entrypoint: /setup.sh
    user: "104"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=${ADMIN_USER:-admin}
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=${ADMIN_PASSWORD:-admin}
      - GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
    restart: unless-stopped
    expose:
      - 3000
    networks:
      - monitor-net
    labels:
      org.label-schema.group: "monitoring"