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Transliteration Schemes

Scheme for all languages

Type	Glyph	Harvard-Kyoto	ITRANS	Baraha	Barahavat	Ksharanam
DEPENDENT	AA	A	aa	A	aa	A
DEPENDENT	I	i	i	i	i	i
DEPENDENT	II	I	ii	I	ee	I
DEPENDENT	U	u	u	u	u	u
DEPENDENT	UU	U	uu	U	oo	U
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC R	R	RRi	R^i	Ru	Ru
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC RR	RR	RRI	R^I	RU	RU
DEPENDENT	SHORT E	e	e	e	e	e
DEPENDENT	E	E	E	E	E	E
DEPENDENT	AI	ai	ai	ai	ai	ai
DEPENDENT	SHORT O	o	o	o	o	o
DEPENDENT	O	O	O	O	O	O
DEPENDENT	AU	au	au	au	ou	au
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC L	lR	LLi	L^i	~lu	.lu
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC LL	lRR	LLI	L^I	~lU	.lU
DIGIT	ZERO	0	0	0	0	0
DIGIT	ONE	1	1	1	1	1
DIGIT	TWO	2	2	2	2	2
DIGIT	THREE	3	3	3	3	3
DIGIT	FOUR	4	4	4	4	4
DIGIT	FIVE	5	5	5	5	5
DIGIT	SIX	6	6	6	6	6
DIGIT	SEVEN	7	7	7	7	7
DIGIT	EIGHT	8	8	8	8	8
DIGIT	NINE	9	9	9	9	9
DIGIT	TEN	10	10	10	10	10
DIGIT	HUNDRED	100	100	100	100	100
DIGIT	THOUSAND	1000	1000	1000	1000	1000
CONSONANT	KA	k	k	k	k	k
CONSONANT	KHA	kh	kh	kh	K	kh
CONSONANT	GA	g	g	g	g	g
CONSONANT	GHA	gh	gh	gh	G	gh
CONSONANT	NGA	G	~N	N^	~g	G
CONSONANT	CA	c	ch	c	c	c
CONSONANT	CHA	ch	Ch	ch	C	ch
CONSONANT	JA	j	j	j	j	j
CONSONANT	JHA	jh	jh	jh	J	jh
CONSONANT	NYA	J	~n	JN	~j	J
CONSONANT	TTA	T	T	T	T	T
CONSONANT	TTHA	Th	Th	Th	Th	Th
CONSONANT	DDA	D	D	D	D	D
CONSONANT	DDHA	Dh	Dh	Dh	Dh	Dh
CONSONANT	NNA	N	N	N	N	N
CONSONANT	TA	t	t	t	t	t
CONSONANT	THA	th	th	th	th	th
CONSONANT	DA	d	d	d	d	d
CONSONANT	DHA	dh	dh	dh	dh	dh
CONSONANT	NA	n	n	n	n	n
CONSONANT	NNNA	.n	^n	~n	.n	.n
CONSONANT	PA	p	p	p	p	p
CONSONANT	PHA	ph	ph	ph	P	ph
CONSONANT	BA	b	b	b	b	b
CONSONANT	BHA	bh	bh	bh	B	bh
CONSONANT	MA	m	m	m	m	m
CONSONANT	YA	y	y	y	y	y
CONSONANT	YYA	Y	Y	Y	yx	Y
CONSONANT	RA	r	r	r	r	r
CONSONANT	RRA	.d	.D	Dx	.d	.d
CONSONANT	RHA	.dh	.Dh	Dhx	.dh	.dh
CONSONANT	LA	l	l	l	l	l
CONSONANT	LLA	L	L	L	L	L
CONSONANT	LLLA	.j	J	zh	Lx	zh
CONSONANT	VA	v	w	v	w	v
CONSONANT	SHA	z	sh	sh	S	sh
CONSONANT	SSA	S	Sh	Sh	Sh	S
CONSONANT	SA	s	s	s	s	s
CONSONANT	HA	h	h	h	h	h
SIGN	CANDRABINDU	.M	.N	~M	.m	MM
SIGN	ANUSVARA	M	.n	.m	M	M
SIGN	VISARGA	H	H	H	H	H
SIGN	NUKTA	.z	z	z	z	z
SIGN	AVAGRAHA	.a	.a	&	&	&
SIGN	VIRAMA	q	q	q	q	q
SIGN	OM	aum	AUM	OM	aum	aum
SIGN	STRESS UDATTA	'	'	'	'	'
SIGN	STRESS ANUDATTA	_	_	_	_	_
SIGN	DANDA
SIGN	DOUBLE DANDA
SIGN	JIHVAMULIYA	x	x	x	x	K
SIGN	UPADHMANIYA	f	f	f	f	f
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER	^	^	^	^	^
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH JOINER	^^	^^	^^	^^	^^
SIGN	RUPEE	Rs.	Rs.	Rs.	Rs.	Rs.
VOWEL	A	a	a	a	a	a
VOWEL	AA	A	aa	A	aa	A
VOWEL	I	i	i	i	i	i
VOWEL	II	I	ii	I	ee	I
VOWEL	U	u	u	u	u	u
VOWEL	UU	U	uu	U	oo	U
VOWEL	VOCALIC R	R	RRi	R^i	Ru	Ru
VOWEL	VOCALIC L	lR	LLi	L^i	~lu	.lu
VOWEL	SHORT E	e	e	e	e	e
VOWEL	E	E	E	E	E	E
VOWEL	AI	ai	ai	ai	ai	ai
VOWEL	SHORT O	o	o	o	o	o
VOWEL	O	O	O	O	O	O
VOWEL	AU	au	au	au	ou	au
VOWEL	VOCALIC RR	RR	RRI	R^I	RU	RU
VOWEL	VOCALIC LL	lRR	LLI	L^I	~lU	.lU

Language specific Exceptions

Languages without a prevalent Short E

Applies to Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Oriya and Hindi.

Type	Glyph	Harvard-Kyoto	ITRANS	Baraha	Barahavat
DEPENDENT	SHORT E	E	E	E	E
DEPENDENT	E	e	e	e	e
DEPENDENT	SHORT O	O	O	O	O
DEPENDENT	O	o	o	o	o
VOWEL	SHORT E	E	E	E	E
VOWEL	E	e	e	e	e
VOWEL	SHORT O	O	O	O	O
VOWEL	O	o	o	o	o

Gurmukhi

Type	Glyph	Harvard-Kyoto	ITRANS	Baraha	Barahavat
SIGN	TIPPI	.n	.n	~n	.n
SIGN	ADDAK	.m	.m	~m	.m

Hindi

Type	Glyph	Harvard-Kyoto	ITRANS	Baraha	Barahavat
CONSONANT	ZA	z	z	z	z
CONSONANT	FA	f	f	f	f
SIGN	NUKTA	.z	.z	~z	.z
SIGN	UPADHMANIYA	.f	.f	~f	.f

Mapping of Glyph Name to Language

Languages without a prevalent Short E

Type	Glyph	Devanagari	Bengali	Gurmukhi	Oriya	Brahmi
DEPENDENT	AA	ा	া	ਾ	ା	𑀸
DEPENDENT	I	ि	ি	ਿ	ି	𑀺
DEPENDENT	II	ी	ী	ੀ	ୀ	𑀻
DEPENDENT	U	ु	ু	ੁ	ୁ	𑀼
DEPENDENT	UU	ू	ূ	ੂ	ୂ	𑀽
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC R	ृ	ৃ		ୃ	𑀾
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC RR	ॄ	ৄ		ୄ	𑀿
DEPENDENT	SHORT E	ॆ
DEPENDENT	E	े	ে	ੇ	େ	𑁂
DEPENDENT	AI	ै	ৈ	ੈ	ୈ	𑁃
DEPENDENT	SHORT O	ॊ
DEPENDENT	O	ो	ো	ੋ	ୋ	𑁄
DEPENDENT	AU	ौ	ৌ	ੌ	ୌ	𑁅
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC L	ॢ	ৢ		ୢ	𑁀
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC LL	ॣ	ৣ		ୣ	𑁁
DIGIT	ZERO	०	০	੦	୦	𑁦
DIGIT	ONE	१	১	੧	୧	𑁧
DIGIT	TWO	२	২	੨	୨	𑁨
DIGIT	THREE	३	৩	੩	୩	𑁩
DIGIT	FOUR	४	৪	੪	୪	𑁪
DIGIT	FIVE	५	৫	੫	୫	𑁫
DIGIT	SIX	६	৬	੬	୬	𑁬
DIGIT	SEVEN	७	৭	੭	୭	𑁭
DIGIT	EIGHT	८	৮	੮	୮	𑁮
DIGIT	NINE	९	৯	੯	୯	𑁯
DIGIT	TEN					𑁛
DIGIT	HUNDRED					𑁤
DIGIT	THOUSAND					𑁥
CONSONANT	KA	क	ক	ਕ	କ	𑀓
CONSONANT	KHA	ख	খ	ਖ	ଖ	𑀔
CONSONANT	GA	ग	গ	ਗ	ଗ	𑀕
CONSONANT	GHA	घ	ঘ	ਘ	ଘ	𑀖
CONSONANT	NGA	ङ	ঙ	ਙ	ଙ	𑀗
CONSONANT	CA	च	চ	ਚ	ଚ	𑀘
CONSONANT	CHA	छ	ছ	ਛ	ଛ	𑀙
CONSONANT	JA	ज	জ	ਜ	ଜ	𑀚
CONSONANT	JHA	झ	ঝ	ਝ	ଝ	𑀛
CONSONANT	NYA	ञ	ঞ	ਞ	ଞ	𑀜
CONSONANT	TTA	ट	ট	ਟ	ଟ	𑀝
CONSONANT	TTHA	ठ	ঠ	ਠ	ଠ	𑀞
CONSONANT	DDA	ड	ড	ਡ	ଡ	𑀟
CONSONANT	DDHA	ढ	ঢ	ਢ	ଢ	𑀠
CONSONANT	NNA	ण	ণ	ਣ	ଣ	𑀡
CONSONANT	TA	त	ত	ਤ	ତ	𑀢
CONSONANT	THA	थ	থ	ਥ	ଥ	𑀣
CONSONANT	DA	द	দ	ਦ	ଦ	𑀤
CONSONANT	DHA	ध	ধ	ਧ	ଧ	𑀥
CONSONANT	NA	न	ন	ਨ	ନ	𑀦
CONSONANT	NNNA	ऩ				𑀷
CONSONANT	PA	प	প	ਪ	ପ	𑀧
CONSONANT	PHA	फ	ফ	ਫ	ଫ	𑀨
CONSONANT	BA	ब	ব	ਬ	ବ	𑀩
CONSONANT	BHA	भ	ভ	ਭ	ଭ	𑀪
CONSONANT	MA	म	ম	ਮ	ମ	𑀫
CONSONANT	YA	य	য	ਯ	ଯ	𑀬
CONSONANT	YYA	य़	য়		ୟ
CONSONANT	RA	र	র	ਰ	ର	𑀭
CONSONANT	RRA	ऱ	ড়	ੜ	ଡ଼	𑀶
CONSONANT	RHA	ढ़	ঢ়		ଢ଼
CONSONANT	LA	ल	ল	ਲ	ଲ	𑀮
CONSONANT	LLA	ळ		ਲ਼	ଳ	𑀴
CONSONANT	LLLA	ऴ				𑀵
CONSONANT	VA	व	ব	ਵ	ଵ	𑀯
CONSONANT	SHA	श	শ	ਸ਼	ଶ	𑀰
CONSONANT	SSA	ष	ষ		ଷ	𑀱
CONSONANT	SA	स	স	ਸ	ସ	𑀲
CONSONANT	HA	ह	হ	ਹ	ହ	𑀳
SIGN	CANDRABINDU	ँ	ঁ	ਁ	ଁ	𑀀
SIGN	ANUSVARA	ं	ং	ਂ	ଂ	𑀁
SIGN	VISARGA	ः	ঃ	ਃ	ଃ	𑀂
SIGN	NUKTA	़	়	਼	଼
SIGN	AVAGRAHA	ऽ	ঽ		ଽ
SIGN	VIRAMA	्	্	੍	୍
SIGN	OM	ॐ	ॐ	ੴ	୰
SIGN	STRESS UDATTA	॑
SIGN	STRESS ANUDATTA	॒
SIGN	DANDA	।
SIGN	DOUBLE DANDA	॥
SIGN	JIHVAMULIYA	ᳵ				𑀃
SIGN	UPADHMANIYA	ᳶ				𑀄
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER	‌
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH JOINER	‍
SIGN	RUPEE	₹	৳	₹	₹
VOWEL	A	अ	অ	ਅ	ଅ	𑀅
VOWEL	AA	आ	আ	ਆ	ଆ	𑀆
VOWEL	I	इ	ই	ਇ	ଇ	𑀇
VOWEL	II	ई	ঈ	ਈ	ଈ	𑀈
VOWEL	U	उ	উ	ਉ	ଉ	𑀉
VOWEL	UU	ऊ	ঊ	ਊ	ଊ	𑀊
VOWEL	VOCALIC R	ऋ	ঋ		ଋ	𑀋
VOWEL	VOCALIC L	ऌ	ঌ		ଌ	𑀍
VOWEL	SHORT E	ऎ
VOWEL	E	ए	এ	ਏ	ଏ	𑀏
VOWEL	AI	ऐ	ঐ	ਐ	ଐ	𑀐
VOWEL	SHORT O	ऒ
VOWEL	O	ओ	ও	ਓ	ଓ	𑀑
VOWEL	AU	औ	ঔ	ਔ	ଔ	𑀒
VOWEL	VOCALIC RR	ॠ	ৠ		ୠ	𑀌
VOWEL	VOCALIC LL	ॡ	ৡ		ୡ	𑀎
SIGN	TIPPI			ੰ
SIGN	ADDAK			ੱ

Languages with a prevalent Short E

Type	Glyph	Kannada	Telgu	Gujarati
DEPENDENT	AA	ಾ	ా	ા
DEPENDENT	I	ಿ	ి	િ
DEPENDENT	II	ೀ	ీ	ી
DEPENDENT	U	ು	ు	ુ
DEPENDENT	UU	ೂ	ూ	ૂ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC R	ೃ	ృ	ૃ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC RR	ೄ	ౄ	ૄ
DEPENDENT	SHORT E	ೆ	ె	ૅ
DEPENDENT	E	ೇ	ే	ે
DEPENDENT	AI	ೈ	ై	ૈ
DEPENDENT	SHORT O	ೊ	ొ	ૉ
DEPENDENT	O	ೋ	ో	ો
DEPENDENT	AU	ೌ	ౌ	ૌ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC L	ೢ	ౢ	ૢ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC LL	ೣ	ౣ	ૣ
DIGIT	ZERO	೦	౦	૦
DIGIT	ONE	೧	౧	૧
DIGIT	TWO	೨	౨	૨
DIGIT	THREE	೩	౩	૩
DIGIT	FOUR	೪	౪	૪
DIGIT	FIVE	೫	౫	૫
DIGIT	SIX	೬	౬	૬
DIGIT	SEVEN	೭	౭	૭
DIGIT	EIGHT	೮	౮	૮
DIGIT	NINE	೯	౯	૯
DIGIT	TEN
DIGIT	HUNDRED
DIGIT	THOUSAND
CONSONANT	KA	ಕ	క	ક
CONSONANT	KHA	ಖ	ఖ	ખ
CONSONANT	GA	ಗ	గ	ગ
CONSONANT	GHA	ಘ	ఘ	ઘ
CONSONANT	NGA	ಙ	ఙ	ઙ
CONSONANT	CA	ಚ	చ	ચ
CONSONANT	CHA	ಛ	ఛ	છ
CONSONANT	JA	ಜ	జ	જ
CONSONANT	JHA	ಝ	ఝ	ઝ
CONSONANT	NYA	ಞ	ఞ	ઞ
CONSONANT	TTA	ಟ	ట	ટ
CONSONANT	TTHA	ಠ	ఠ	ઠ
CONSONANT	DDA	ಡ	డ	ડ
CONSONANT	DDHA	ಢ	ఢ	ઢ
CONSONANT	NNA	ಣ	ణ	ણ
CONSONANT	TA	ತ	త	ત
CONSONANT	THA	ಥ	థ	થ
CONSONANT	DA	ದ	ద	દ
CONSONANT	DHA	ಧ	ధ	ધ
CONSONANT	NA	ನ	న	ન
CONSONANT	NNNA
CONSONANT	PA	ಪ	ప	પ
CONSONANT	PHA	ಫ	ఫ	ફ
CONSONANT	BA	ಬ	బ	બ
CONSONANT	BHA	ಭ	భ	ભ
CONSONANT	MA	ಮ	మ	મ
CONSONANT	YA	ಯ	య	ય
CONSONANT	YYA
CONSONANT	RA	ರ	ర	ર
CONSONANT	RRA	ಱ	ఱ
CONSONANT	RHA
CONSONANT	LA	ಲ	ల	લ
CONSONANT	LLA	ಳ	ళ	ળ
CONSONANT	LLLA
CONSONANT	VA	ವ	వ	વ
CONSONANT	SHA	ಶ	శ	શ
CONSONANT	SSA	ಷ	ష	ષ
CONSONANT	SA	ಸ	స	સ
CONSONANT	HA	ಹ	హ	હ
SIGN	CANDRABINDU	ँ	ఁ	ઁ
SIGN	ANUSVARA	ಂ	ం	ં
SIGN	VISARGA	ಃ	ః	ઃ
SIGN	NUKTA	಼		઼
SIGN	AVAGRAHA	ಽ	ఽ	ઽ
SIGN	VIRAMA	್	్	્
SIGN	OM	ॐ	ॐ	ૐ
SIGN	STRESS UDATTA
SIGN	STRESS ANUDATTA
SIGN	DANDA
SIGN	DOUBLE DANDA
SIGN	JIHVAMULIYA	ೱ
SIGN	UPADHMANIYA	ೲ
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER	‌	‌
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH JOINER	‍	‍
SIGN	RUPEE	₹	₹	૱
VOWEL	A	ಅ	అ	અ
VOWEL	AA	ಆ	ఆ	આ
VOWEL	I	ಇ	ఇ	ઇ
VOWEL	II	ಈ	ఈ	ઈ
VOWEL	U	ಉ	ఉ	ઉ
VOWEL	UU	ಊ	ఊ	ઊ
VOWEL	VOCALIC R	ಋ	ఋ	ઋ
VOWEL	VOCALIC L	ಌ	ఌ	ઌ
VOWEL	SHORT E	ಎ	ఎ	ઍ
VOWEL	E	ಏ	ఏ	એ
VOWEL	AI	ಐ	ఐ	ઐ
VOWEL	SHORT O	ಒ	ఒ	ઑ
VOWEL	O	ಓ	ఓ	ઓ
VOWEL	AU	ಔ	ఔ	ઔ
VOWEL	VOCALIC RR	ೠ	ౠ	ૠ
VOWEL	VOCALIC LL	ೡ	ౡ	ૡ
SIGN	TIPPI
SIGN	ADDAK

Tamil and Malayalam

Type	Glyph	Tamil	Malayalam
DEPENDENT	AA	ா	ാ
DEPENDENT	I	ி	ി
DEPENDENT	II	ீ	ീ
DEPENDENT	U	ு	ു
DEPENDENT	UU	ூ	ൂ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC R		ൃ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC RR		ൄ
DEPENDENT	SHORT E	ெ	െ
DEPENDENT	E	ே	േ
DEPENDENT	AI	ை	ൈ
DEPENDENT	SHORT O	ொ	ൊ
DEPENDENT	O	ோ	ോ
DEPENDENT	AU	ௌ	ൌ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC L		ൢ
DEPENDENT	VOCALIC LL		ൣ
DIGIT	ZERO	௦	൦
DIGIT	ONE	௧	൧
DIGIT	TWO	௨	൨
DIGIT	THREE	௩	൩
DIGIT	FOUR	௪	൪
DIGIT	FIVE	௫	൫
DIGIT	SIX	௬	൬
DIGIT	SEVEN	௭	൭
DIGIT	EIGHT	௮	൮
DIGIT	NINE	௯	൯
DIGIT	TEN	௰	൰
DIGIT	HUNDRED	௱	൱
DIGIT	THOUSAND	௲	൲
CONSONANT	KA	க	ക
CONSONANT	KHA	க	ഖ
CONSONANT	GA	க	ഗ
CONSONANT	GHA	க	ഘ
CONSONANT	NGA	ங	ങ
CONSONANT	CA	ச	ച
CONSONANT	CHA	ச	ഛ
CONSONANT	JA	ஜ	ജ
CONSONANT	JHA	ஜ	ഝ
CONSONANT	NYA	ஞ	ഞ
CONSONANT	TTA	ட	ട
CONSONANT	TTHA	ட	ഠ
CONSONANT	DDA	ட	ഡ
CONSONANT	DDHA	ட	ഢ
CONSONANT	NNA	ண	ണ
CONSONANT	TA	த	ത
CONSONANT	THA	த	ഥ
CONSONANT	DA	த	ദ
CONSONANT	DHA	த	ധ
CONSONANT	NA	ந	ന
CONSONANT	NNNA	ன	ഩ
CONSONANT	PA	ப	പ
CONSONANT	PHA	ப	ഫ
CONSONANT	BA	ப	ബ
CONSONANT	BHA	ப	ഭ
CONSONANT	MA	ம	മ
CONSONANT	YA	ய	യ
CONSONANT	YYA
CONSONANT	RA	ர	ര
CONSONANT	RRA	ற	റ
CONSONANT	RHA
CONSONANT	LA	ல	ല
CONSONANT	LLA	ள	ള
CONSONANT	LLLA	ழ	ഴ
CONSONANT	VA	வ	വ
CONSONANT	SHA	ஶ	ശ
CONSONANT	SSA	ஷ	ഷ
CONSONANT	SA	ஸ	സ
CONSONANT	HA	ஹ	ഹ
SIGN	CANDRABINDU
SIGN	ANUSVARA	ஂ	ം
SIGN	VISARGA	ஃ	ഃ
SIGN	NUKTA
SIGN	AVAGRAHA		ഽ
SIGN	VIRAMA	்	്
SIGN	OM	ௐ	ௐ
SIGN	STRESS UDATTA
SIGN	STRESS ANUDATTA
SIGN	DANDA
SIGN	DOUBLE DANDA
SIGN	JIHVAMULIYA
SIGN	UPADHMANIYA
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER	‌
SIGN	ZERO WIDTH JOINER	‍
SIGN	RUPEE	௹	₹
VOWEL	A	அ	അ
VOWEL	AA	ஆ	ആ
VOWEL	I	இ	ഇ
VOWEL	II	ஈ	ഈ
VOWEL	U	உ	ഉ
VOWEL	UU	ஊ	ഊ
VOWEL	VOCALIC R		ഋ
VOWEL	VOCALIC L		ഌ
VOWEL	SHORT E	எ	എ
VOWEL	E	ஏ	ഏ
VOWEL	AI	ஐ	ഐ
VOWEL	SHORT O	ஒ	ഒ
VOWEL	O	ஓ	ഓ
VOWEL	AU	ஔ	ഔ
VOWEL	VOCALIC RR		ൠ
VOWEL	VOCALIC LL		ൡ
SIGN	TIPPI
SIGN	ADDAK