diff --git a/.cursor/rules/nestjs-best-practice.mdc b/.cursor/rules/nestjs-best-practice.mdc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e69a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cursor/rules/nestjs-best-practice.mdc
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+---
+alwaysApply: true
+---
+
+You are a senior TypeScript programmer with experience in the NestJS framework and a preference for clean programming and design patterns. Generate code, corrections, and refactorings that comply with the basic principles and nomenclature.
+
+## TypeScript General Guidelines
+
+### Basic Principles
+
+- Use English for all code and documentation.
+- Always declare the type of each variable and function (parameters and return value).
+- Avoid using any.
+- Create necessary types.
+- Use JSDoc to document public classes and methods.
+- Don't leave blank lines within a function.
+- One export per file.
+
+### Nomenclature
+
+- Use PascalCase for classes.
+- Use camelCase for variables, functions, and methods.
+- Use kebab-case for file and directory names.
+- Use UPPERCASE for environment variables.
+- Avoid magic numbers and define constants.
+- Start each function with a verb.
+- Use verbs for boolean variables. Example: isLoading, hasError, canDelete, etc.
+- Use complete words instead of abbreviations and correct spelling.
+- Except for standard abbreviations like API, URL, etc.
+- Except for well-known abbreviations:
+    - i, j for loops
+    - err for errors
+    - ctx for contexts
+    - req, res, next for middleware function parameters
+
+### Functions
+
+- In this context, what is understood as a function will also apply to a method.
+- Write short functions with a single purpose. Less than 20 instructions.
+- Name functions with a verb and something else.
+- If it returns a boolean, use isX or hasX, canX, etc.
+- If it doesn't return anything, use executeX or saveX, etc.
+- Avoid nesting blocks by:
+    - Early checks and returns.
+    - Extraction to utility functions.
+- Use higher-order functions (map, filter, reduce, etc.) to avoid function nesting.
+- Use arrow functions for simple functions (less than 3 instructions).
+- Use named functions for non-simple functions.
+- Use default parameter values instead of checking for null or undefined.
+- Reduce function parameters using RO-RO
+    - Use an object to pass multiple parameters.
+    - Use an object to return results.
+    - Declare necessary types for input arguments and output.
+- Use a single level of abstraction.
+
+### Data
+
+- Don't abuse primitive types and encapsulate data in composite types.
+- Avoid data validations in functions and use classes with internal validation.
+- Prefer immutability for data.
+- Use readonly for data that doesn't change.
+- Use as const for literals that don't change.
+
+### Classes
+
+- Follow SOLID principles.
+- Prefer composition over inheritance.
+- Declare interfaces to define contracts.
+- Write small classes with a single purpose.
+    - Less than 200 instructions.
+    - Less than 10 public methods.
+    - Less than 10 properties.
+
+### Exceptions
+
+- Use exceptions to handle errors you don't expect.
+- If you catch an exception, it should be to:
+    - Fix an expected problem.
+    - Add context.
+    - Otherwise, use a global handler.
+
+### Testing
+
+- Follow the Arrange-Act-Assert convention for tests.
+- Name test variables clearly.
+- Follow the convention: inputX, mockX, actualX, expectedX, etc.
+- Write unit tests for each public function.
+- Use test doubles to simulate dependencies.
+    - Except for third-party dependencies that are not expensive to execute.
+- Write acceptance tests for each module.
+- Follow the Given-When-Then convention.
+
+## Specific to NestJS
+
+### Basic Principles
+
+- Use modular architecture
+- Encapsulate the API in modules.
+    - One module per main domain/route.
+    - One controller for its route.
+    - And other controllers for secondary routes.
+    - A models folder with data types.
+    - DTOs validated with class-validator for inputs.
+    - Declare simple types for outputs.
+    - A services module with business logic and persistence.
+    - Entities with MikroORM for data persistence.
+    - One service per entity.
+- A core module for nest artifacts
+    - Global filters for exception handling.
+    - Global middlewares for request management.
+    - Guards for permission management.
+    - Interceptors for request management.
+- A shared module for services shared between modules.
+    - Utilities
+    - Shared business logic
+
+### Testing
+
+- Use the standard Jest framework for testing.
+- Write tests for each controller and service.
+- Write end to end tests for each api module.
+- Add a admin/test method to each controller as a smoke test.
+  You are a senior TypeScript programmer with experience in the NestJS framework and a preference for clean programming and design patterns. Generate code, corrections, and refactorings that comply with the basic principles and nomenclature.
+
+## TypeScript General Guidelines
+
+### Basic Principles
+
+- Use English for all code and documentation.
+- Always declare the type of each variable and function (parameters and return value).
+- Avoid using any.
+- Create necessary types.
+- Use JSDoc to document public classes and methods.
+- Don't leave blank lines within a function.
+- One export per file.
+
+### Nomenclature
+
+- Use PascalCase for classes.
+- Use camelCase for variables, functions, and methods.
+- Use kebab-case for file and directory names.
+- Use UPPERCASE for environment variables.
+- Avoid magic numbers and define constants.
+- Start each function with a verb.
+- Use verbs for boolean variables. Example: isLoading, hasError, canDelete, etc.
+- Use complete words instead of abbreviations and correct spelling.
+- Except for standard abbreviations like API, URL, etc.
+- Except for well-known abbreviations:
+    - i, j for loops
+    - err for errors
+    - ctx for contexts
+    - req, res, next for middleware function parameters
+
+### Functions
+
+- In this context, what is understood as a function will also apply to a method.
+- Write short functions with a single purpose. Less than 20 instructions.
+- Name functions with a verb and something else.
+- If it returns a boolean, use isX or hasX, canX, etc.
+- If it doesn't return anything, use executeX or saveX, etc.
+- Avoid nesting blocks by:
+    - Early checks and returns.
+    - Extraction to utility functions.
+- Use higher-order functions (map, filter, reduce, etc.) to avoid function nesting.
+- Use arrow functions for simple functions (less than 3 instructions).
+- Use named functions for non-simple functions.
+- Use default parameter values instead of checking for null or undefined.
+- Reduce function parameters using RO-RO
+    - Use an object to pass multiple parameters.
+    - Use an object to return results.
+    - Declare necessary types for input arguments and output.
+- Use a single level of abstraction.
+
+### Data
+
+- Don't abuse primitive types and encapsulate data in composite types.
+- Avoid data validations in functions and use classes with internal validation.
+- Prefer immutability for data.
+- Use readonly for data that doesn't change.
+- Use as const for literals that don't change.
+
+### Classes
+
+- Follow SOLID principles.
+- Prefer composition over inheritance.
+- Declare interfaces to define contracts.
+- Write small classes with a single purpose.
+    - Less than 200 instructions.
+    - Less than 10 public methods.
+    - Less than 10 properties.
+
+### Exceptions
+
+- Use exceptions to handle errors you don't expect.
+- If you catch an exception, it should be to:
+    - Fix an expected problem.
+    - Add context.
+    - Otherwise, use a global handler.
+
+### Testing
+
+- Follow the Arrange-Act-Assert convention for tests.
+- Name test variables clearly.
+- Follow the convention: inputX, mockX, actualX, expectedX, etc.
+- Write unit tests for each public function.
+- Use test doubles to simulate dependencies.
+    - Except for third-party dependencies that are not expensive to execute.
+- Write acceptance tests for each module.
+- Follow the Given-When-Then convention.
+
+## Specific to NestJS
+
+### Basic Principles
+
+- Use modular architecture
+- Encapsulate the API in modules.
+    - One module per main domain/route.
+    - One controller for its route.
+    - And other controllers for secondary routes.
+    - A models folder with data types.
+    - DTOs validated with class-validator for inputs.
+    - Declare simple types for outputs.
+    - A services module with business logic and persistence.
+    - Entities with MikroORM for data persistence.
+    - One service per entity.
+- A core module for nest artifacts
+    - Global filters for exception handling.
+    - Global middlewares for request management.
+    - Guards for permission management.
+    - Interceptors for request management.
+- A shared module for services shared between modules.
+    - Utilities
+    - Shared business logic
+
+### Testing
+
+- Use the standard Jest framework for testing.
+- Write tests for each controller and service.
+- Write end to end tests for each api module.
+- Add a admin/test method to each controller as a smoke test.
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 346afa7..f179081 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 			"version": "0.0.1",
 			"license": "UNLICENSED",
 			"dependencies": {
+				"@mozilla/readability": "^0.6.0",
+				"@nestjs/axios": "^4.0.0",
 				"@nestjs/common": "^11.0.1",
 				"@nestjs/config": "^4.0.2",
 				"@nestjs/core": "^11.0.1",
@@ -18,14 +20,23 @@
 				"@nestjs/swagger": "^11.2.0",
 				"@nestjs/throttler": "^6.4.0",
 				"@prisma/client": "^6.10.1",
+				"axios": "^1.10.0",
 				"class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
 				"class-validator": "^0.14.2",
 				"cookie-parser": "^1.4.7",
+				"dompurify": "^3.2.6",
+				"es-toolkit": "^1.39.6",
 				"helmet": "^8.1.0",
+				"jsdom": "^26.1.0",
 				"passport": "^0.7.0",
 				"passport-google-oauth20": "^2.0.0",
+				"puppeteer-core": "^24.11.2",
+				"puppeteer-extra": "^3.3.6",
+				"puppeteer-extra-plugin-adblocker": "^2.13.6",
+				"puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth": "^2.11.2",
 				"reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2",
 				"rxjs": "^7.8.1",
+				"sanitize-html": "^2.17.0",
 				"swagger-ui-express": "^5.0.1"
 			},
 			"devDependencies": {
@@ -40,6 +51,7 @@
 				"@types/cookie-parser": "^1.4.9",
 				"@types/express": "^5.0.0",
 				"@types/jest": "^29.5.14",
+				"@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
 				"@types/node": "^22.10.7",
 				"@types/passport-google-oauth20": "^2.0.16",
 				"@types/supertest": "^6.0.2",
@@ -219,11 +231,27 @@
 				"tslib": "^2.1.0"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color": {
+			"version": "3.2.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@asamuzakjp/css-color/-/css-color-3.2.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-K1A6z8tS3XsmCMM86xoWdn7Fkdn9m6RSVtocUrJYIwZnFVkng/PvkEoWtOWmP+Scc6saYWHWZYbndEEXxl24jw==",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.3",
+				"@csstools/css-color-parser": "^3.0.9",
+				"@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.4",
+				"@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.3",
+				"lru-cache": "^10.4.3"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color/node_modules/lru-cache": {
+			"version": "10.4.3",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lru-cache/-/lru-cache-10.4.3.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-JNAzZcXrCt42VGLuYz0zfAzDfAvJWW6AfYlDBQyDV5DClI2m5sAmK+OIO7s59XfsRsWHp02jAJrRadPRGTt6SQ=="
+		},
 		"node_modules/@babel/code-frame": {
 			"version": "7.27.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/code-frame/-/code-frame-7.27.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-cjQ7ZlQ0Mv3b47hABuTevyTuYN4i+loJKGeV9flcCgIK37cCXRh+L1bd3iBHlynerhQ7BhCkn2BPbQUL+rGqFg==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
 				"@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.27.1",
@@ -385,7 +413,6 @@
 			"version": "7.27.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@babel/helper-validator-identifier/-/helper-validator-identifier-7.27.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-D2hP9eA+Sqx1kBZgzxZh0y1trbuU+JoDkiEwqhQ36nodYqJwyEIhPSdMNd7lOm/4io72luTPWH20Yda0xOuUow==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">=6.9.0"
@@ -735,6 +762,64 @@
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker": {
+			"version": "1.34.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cliqz/adblocker/-/adblocker-1.34.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-d7TeUl5t+TOMJe7/CRYtf+x6hbd8N25DtH7guQTIjjr3AFVortxiAIgNejGvVqy0by4eNByw+oVil15oqxz2Eg==",
+			"deprecated": "This project has been renamed to @ghostery/adblocker. Install using @ghostery/adblocker instead",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@cliqz/adblocker-content": "^1.34.0",
+				"@cliqz/adblocker-extended-selectors": "^1.34.0",
+				"@remusao/guess-url-type": "^1.3.0",
+				"@remusao/small": "^1.2.1",
+				"@remusao/smaz": "^1.9.1",
+				"@types/chrome": "^0.0.278",
+				"@types/firefox-webext-browser": "^120.0.0",
+				"tldts-experimental": "^6.0.14"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker-content": {
+			"version": "1.34.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cliqz/adblocker-content/-/adblocker-content-1.34.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-5LcV8UZv49RWwtpom9ve4TxJIFKd+bjT59tS/2Z2c22Qxx5CW1ncO/T+ybzk31z422XplQfd0ZE6gMGGKs3EMg==",
+			"deprecated": "This project has been renamed to @ghostery/adblocker-content. Install using @ghostery/adblocker-content instead",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@cliqz/adblocker-extended-selectors": "^1.34.0"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker-extended-selectors": {
+			"version": "1.34.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cliqz/adblocker-extended-selectors/-/adblocker-extended-selectors-1.34.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-lNrgdUPpsBWHjrwXy2+Z5nX/Gy5YAvNwFMLqkeMdjzrybwPIalJJN2e+YtkS1I6mVmOMNppF5cv692OAVoI74g==",
+			"deprecated": "This project has been renamed to @ghostery/adblocker-extended-selectors. Install using @ghostery/adblocker-extended-selectors instead"
+		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker-puppeteer": {
+			"version": "1.23.8",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@cliqz/adblocker-puppeteer/-/adblocker-puppeteer-1.23.8.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Ca1/DBqQXsOpKTFVAHX6OpLTSEupXmUkUWHj6iXhLLleC7RPISN5B0b801VDmaGRqoC5zKRxn0vYbIfpgCWVug==",
+			"deprecated": "This project has been renamed to @ghostery/adblocker-puppeteer. Install using @ghostery/adblocker-puppeteer instead",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@cliqz/adblocker": "^1.23.8",
+				"@cliqz/adblocker-content": "^1.23.8",
+				"tldts-experimental": "^5.6.21"
+			},
+			"peerDependencies": {
+				"puppeteer": ">5"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker/node_modules/tldts-core": {
+			"version": "6.1.86",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tldts-core/-/tldts-core-6.1.86.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Je6p7pkk+KMzMv2XXKmAE3McmolOQFdxkKw0R8EYNr7sELW46JqnNeTX8ybPiQgvg1ymCoF8LXs5fzFaZvJPTA=="
+		},
+		"node_modules/@cliqz/adblocker/node_modules/tldts-experimental": {
+			"version": "6.1.86",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tldts-experimental/-/tldts-experimental-6.1.86.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-X3N3+SrwSajvANDyIBFa6tf/nO0VoqaXvvINSnQkZMGbzNlD+9G7Xb24Mtk3ZBVZJRGY7UynAJJL8kRVt6Z46Q==",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"tldts-core": "^6.1.86"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/@colors/colors": {
 			"version": "1.5.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@colors/colors/-/colors-1.5.0.tgz",
@@ -770,6 +855,111 @@
 				"@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.10"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/@csstools/color-helpers": {
+			"version": "5.0.2",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/color-helpers/-/color-helpers-5.0.2.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-JqWH1vsgdGcw2RR6VliXXdA0/59LttzlU8UlRT/iUUsEeWfYq8I+K0yhihEUTTHLRm1EXvpsCx3083EU15ecsA==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "opencollective",
+					"url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+				}
+			],
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@csstools/css-calc": {
+			"version": "2.1.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-calc/-/css-calc-2.1.4.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-3N8oaj+0juUw/1H3YwmDDJXCgTB1gKU6Hc/bB502u9zR0q2vd786XJH9QfrKIEgFlZmhZiq6epXl4rHqhzsIgQ==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "opencollective",
+					"url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+				}
+			],
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			},
+			"peerDependencies": {
+				"@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+				"@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@csstools/css-color-parser": {
+			"version": "3.0.10",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-color-parser/-/css-color-parser-3.0.10.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-TiJ5Ajr6WRd1r8HSiwJvZBiJOqtH86aHpUjq5aEKWHiII2Qfjqd/HCWKPOW8EP4vcspXbHnXrwIDlu5savQipg==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "opencollective",
+					"url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+				}
+			],
+			"dependencies": {
+				"@csstools/color-helpers": "^5.0.2",
+				"@csstools/css-calc": "^2.1.4"
+			},
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			},
+			"peerDependencies": {
+				"@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^3.0.5",
+				"@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": {
+			"version": "3.0.5",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-parser-algorithms/-/css-parser-algorithms-3.0.5.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-DaDeUkXZKjdGhgYaHNJTV9pV7Y9B3b644jCLs9Upc3VeNGg6LWARAT6O+Q+/COo+2gg/bM5rhpMAtf70WqfBdQ==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "opencollective",
+					"url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+				}
+			],
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			},
+			"peerDependencies": {
+				"@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^3.0.4"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/@csstools/css-tokenizer": {
+			"version": "3.0.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-tokenizer/-/css-tokenizer-3.0.4.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Vd/9EVDiu6PPJt9yAh6roZP6El1xHrdvIVGjyBsHR0RYwNHgL7FJPyIIW4fANJNG6FtyZfvlRPpFI4ZM/lubvw==",
+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
+				},
+				{
+					"type": "opencollective",
+					"url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
+				}
+			],
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/@eslint-community/eslint-utils": {
 			"version": "4.7.0",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint-community/eslint-utils/-/eslint-utils-4.7.0.tgz",
@@ -1989,6 +2179,14 @@
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@microsoft/tsdoc/-/tsdoc-0.15.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-4aErSrCR/On/e5G2hDP0wjooqDdauzEbIq8hIkIe5pXV0rtWJZvdCEKL0ykZxex+IxIwBp0eGeV48hQN07dXtw=="
 		},
+		"node_modules/@mozilla/readability": {
+			"version": "0.6.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mozilla/readability/-/readability-0.6.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-juG5VWh4qAivzTAeMzvY9xs9HY5rAcr2E4I7tiSSCokRFi7XIZCAu92ZkSTsIj1OPceCifL3cpfteP3pDT9/QQ==",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=14.0.0"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/@napi-rs/nice": {
 			"version": "1.0.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@napi-rs/nice/-/nice-1.0.1.tgz",
@@ -2294,6 +2492,16 @@
 				"node": ">= 10"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/@nestjs/axios": {
+			"version": "4.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nestjs/axios/-/axios-4.0.0.tgz",
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 				"@prisma/debug": "6.10.1"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/@puppeteer/browsers": {
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@puppeteer/browsers/-/browsers-2.10.5.tgz",
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@remusao/smaz/-/smaz-1.10.0.tgz",
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+				"@remusao/smaz-decompress": "^1.10.0"
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+		"node_modules/@remusao/smaz-compress": {
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+		"node_modules/@remusao/smaz-decompress": {
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@remusao/smaz-decompress/-/smaz-decompress-1.10.0.tgz",
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+		},
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@remusao/trie/-/trie-1.5.0.tgz",
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 			"license": "MIT"
 		},
+		"node_modules/@tootallnate/quickjs-emscripten": {
+			"version": "0.23.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tootallnate/quickjs-emscripten/-/quickjs-emscripten-0.23.0.tgz",
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+			"dependencies": {
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/debug/-/debug-4.1.12.tgz",
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+			"dependencies": {
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+		"node_modules/@types/filewriter": {
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+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/filewriter/-/filewriter-0.0.33.tgz",
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+		},
+		"node_modules/@types/firefox-webext-browser": {
+			"version": "120.0.4",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/firefox-webext-browser/-/firefox-webext-browser-120.0.4.tgz",
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@@ -7918,6 +8803,14 @@
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@@ -8733,6 +9625,80 @@
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@@ -8877,6 +9841,14 @@
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@@ -9127,6 +10098,30 @@
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@@ -9282,6 +10276,31 @@
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+			"funding": [
+				{
+					"type": "github",
+					"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
+				}
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 		},
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@@ -9411,6 +10455,25 @@
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@@ -9652,6 +10720,36 @@
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@@ -11177,6 +12726,11 @@
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@@ -11436,6 +13001,35 @@
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@@ -11495,6 +13089,22 @@
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+		"node_modules/typed-query-selector": {
+			"version": "2.12.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typed-query-selector/-/typed-query-selector-2.12.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-SbklCd1F0EiZOyPiW192rrHZzZ5sBijB6xM+cpmrwDqObvdtunOHHIk9fCGsoK5JVIYXoyEp4iEdE3upFH3PAg=="
+		},
 		"node_modules/typedarray": {
 			"version": "0.0.6",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typedarray/-/typedarray-0.0.6.tgz",
@@ -11840,7 +13455,6 @@
 			"version": "2.0.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/universalify/-/universalify-2.0.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-gptHNQghINnc/vTGIk0SOFGFNXw7JVrlRUtConJRlvaw6DuX0wO5Jeko9sWrMBhh+PsYAZ7oXAiOnf/UKogyiw==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">= 10.0.0"
@@ -11950,6 +13564,17 @@
 				"node": ">= 0.8"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/w3c-xmlserializer": {
+			"version": "5.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/w3c-xmlserializer/-/w3c-xmlserializer-5.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-o8qghlI8NZHU1lLPrpi2+Uq7abh4GGPpYANlalzWxyWteJOCsr/P+oPBA49TOLu5FTZO4d3F9MnWJfiMo4BkmA==",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"xml-name-validator": "^5.0.0"
+			},
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/walker": {
 			"version": "1.0.8",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/walker/-/walker-1.0.8.tgz",
@@ -11997,6 +13622,11 @@
 				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/webidl-conversions": {
+			"version": "3.0.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/webidl-conversions/-/webidl-conversions-3.0.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-2JAn3z8AR6rjK8Sm8orRC0h/bcl/DqL7tRPdGZ4I1CjdF+EaMLmYxBHyXuKL849eucPFhvBoxMsflfOb8kxaeQ=="
+		},
 		"node_modules/webpack": {
 			"version": "5.99.9",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/webpack/-/webpack-5.99.9.tgz",
@@ -12197,6 +13827,34 @@
 				"url": "https://opencollective.com/webpack"
 			}
 		},
+		"node_modules/whatwg-encoding": {
+			"version": "3.1.1",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-encoding/-/whatwg-encoding-3.1.1.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-6qN4hJdMwfYBtE3YBTTHhoeuUrDBPZmbQaxWAqSALV/MeEnR5z1xd8UKud2RAkFoPkmB+hli1TZSnyi84xz1vQ==",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"iconv-lite": "0.6.3"
+			},
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/whatwg-mimetype": {
+			"version": "4.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-mimetype/-/whatwg-mimetype-4.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-QaKxh0eNIi2mE9p2vEdzfagOKHCcj1pJ56EEHGQOVxp8r9/iszLUUV7v89x9O1p/T+NlTM5W7jW6+cz4Fq1YVg==",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/whatwg-url": {
+			"version": "5.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-5.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-saE57nupxk6v3HY35+jzBwYa0rKSy0XR8JSxZPwgLr7ys0IBzhGviA1/TUGJLmSVqs8pb9AnvICXEuOHLprYTw==",
+			"dependencies": {
+				"tr46": "~0.0.3",
+				"webidl-conversions": "^3.0.0"
+			}
+		},
 		"node_modules/which": {
 			"version": "2.0.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
@@ -12330,6 +13988,39 @@
 			"dev": true,
 			"license": "ISC"
 		},
+		"node_modules/ws": {
+			"version": "8.18.3",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.18.3.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-PEIGCY5tSlUt50cqyMXfCzX+oOPqN0vuGqWzbcJ2xvnkzkq46oOpz7dQaTDBdfICb4N14+GARUDw2XV2N4tvzg==",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=10.0.0"
+			},
+			"peerDependencies": {
+				"bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
+				"utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+			},
+			"peerDependenciesMeta": {
+				"bufferutil": {
+					"optional": true
+				},
+				"utf-8-validate": {
+					"optional": true
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/xml-name-validator": {
+			"version": "5.0.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xml-name-validator/-/xml-name-validator-5.0.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-EvGK8EJ3DhaHfbRlETOWAS5pO9MZITeauHKJyb8wyajUfQUenkIg2MvLDTZ4T/TgIcm3HU0TFBgWWboAZ30UHg==",
+			"engines": {
+				"node": ">=18"
+			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/xmlchars": {
+			"version": "2.2.0",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xmlchars/-/xmlchars-2.2.0.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw=="
+		},
 		"node_modules/xtend": {
 			"version": "4.0.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/xtend/-/xtend-4.0.2.tgz",
@@ -12343,7 +14034,6 @@
 			"version": "5.0.8",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/y18n/-/y18n-5.0.8.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-0pfFzegeDWJHJIAmTLRP2DwHjdF5s7jo9tuztdQxAhINCdvS+3nGINqPd00AphqJR/0LhANUS6/+7SCb98YOfA==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "ISC",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">=10"
@@ -12360,7 +14050,6 @@
 			"version": "17.7.2",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs/-/yargs-17.7.2.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-7dSzzRQ++CKnNI/krKnYRV7JKKPUXMEh61soaHKg9mrWEhzFWhFnxPxGl+69cD1Ou63C13NUPCnmIcrvqCuM6w==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "MIT",
 			"dependencies": {
 				"cliui": "^8.0.1",
@@ -12379,7 +14068,6 @@
 			"version": "21.1.1",
 			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-21.1.1.tgz",
 			"integrity": "sha512-tVpsJW7DdjecAiFpbIB1e3qxIQsE6NoPc5/eTdrbbIC4h0LVsWhnoa3g+m2HclBIujHzsxZ4VJVA+GUuc2/LBw==",
-			"dev": true,
 			"license": "ISC",
 			"engines": {
 				"node": ">=12"
@@ -12434,6 +14122,14 @@
 			"funding": {
 				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
 			}
+		},
+		"node_modules/zod": {
+			"version": "3.25.72",
+			"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/zod/-/zod-3.25.72.tgz",
+			"integrity": "sha512-Cl+fe4dNL4XumOBNBsr0lHfA80PQiZXHI4xEMTEr8gt6aGz92t3lBA32e71j9+JeF/VAYvdfBnuwJs+BMx/BrA==",
+			"funding": {
+				"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/colinhacks"
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 22492b8..691c0d8 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 		"prisma:studio": "prisma studio"
 	},
 	"dependencies": {
+		"@mozilla/readability": "^0.6.0",
+		"@nestjs/axios": "^4.0.0",
 		"@nestjs/common": "^11.0.1",
 		"@nestjs/config": "^4.0.2",
 		"@nestjs/core": "^11.0.1",
@@ -36,14 +38,23 @@
 		"@nestjs/swagger": "^11.2.0",
 		"@nestjs/throttler": "^6.4.0",
 		"@prisma/client": "^6.10.1",
+		"axios": "^1.10.0",
 		"class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
 		"class-validator": "^0.14.2",
 		"cookie-parser": "^1.4.7",
+		"dompurify": "^3.2.6",
+		"es-toolkit": "^1.39.6",
 		"helmet": "^8.1.0",
+		"jsdom": "^26.1.0",
 		"passport": "^0.7.0",
 		"passport-google-oauth20": "^2.0.0",
+		"puppeteer-core": "^24.11.2",
+		"puppeteer-extra": "^3.3.6",
+		"puppeteer-extra-plugin-adblocker": "^2.13.6",
+		"puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth": "^2.11.2",
 		"reflect-metadata": "^0.2.2",
 		"rxjs": "^7.8.1",
+		"sanitize-html": "^2.17.0",
 		"swagger-ui-express": "^5.0.1"
 	},
 	"devDependencies": {
@@ -58,6 +69,7 @@
 		"@types/cookie-parser": "^1.4.9",
 		"@types/express": "^5.0.0",
 		"@types/jest": "^29.5.14",
+		"@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
 		"@types/node": "^22.10.7",
 		"@types/passport-google-oauth20": "^2.0.16",
 		"@types/supertest": "^6.0.2",
diff --git a/prisma/migrations/20250704113432_add_article_model/migration.sql b/prisma/migrations/20250704113432_add_article_model/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffc719b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prisma/migrations/20250704113432_add_article_model/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+-- CreateTable
+CREATE TABLE "Article" (
+    "id" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "url" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "finalUrl" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "title" TEXT,
+    "content" TEXT,
+    "contentType" TEXT,
+    "summary" TEXT,
+    "author" TEXT,
+    "publishedAt" TIMESTAMP(3),
+    "wordCount" INTEGER,
+    "readingTime" INTEGER,
+    "tags" TEXT[],
+    "isBookmarked" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "isArchived" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
+    "userId" TEXT NOT NULL,
+    "createdAt" TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP(3) NOT NULL,
+
+    CONSTRAINT "Article_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
+);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "Article_userId_idx" ON "Article"("userId");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "Article_userId_isBookmarked_idx" ON "Article"("userId", "isBookmarked");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "Article_userId_isArchived_idx" ON "Article"("userId", "isArchived");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "Article_createdAt_idx" ON "Article"("createdAt");
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "Article_url_userId_key" ON "Article"("url", "userId");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "Article" ADD CONSTRAINT "Article_userId_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("userId") REFERENCES "User"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
diff --git a/prisma/migrations/20250704142951_add_id_user_id_unique_constraint/migration.sql b/prisma/migrations/20250704142951_add_id_user_id_unique_constraint/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd685c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prisma/migrations/20250704142951_add_id_user_id_unique_constraint/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/*
+  Warnings:
+
+  - A unique constraint covering the columns `[id,userId]` on the table `Article` will be added. If there are existing duplicate values, this will fail.
+
+*/
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "Article_id_userId_key" ON "Article"("id", "userId");
diff --git a/prisma/schema.prisma b/prisma/schema.prisma
index d73c8b2..6f4f5d4 100644
--- a/prisma/schema.prisma
+++ b/prisma/schema.prisma
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ model User {
   updatedAt  DateTime @updatedAt
 
   refreshTokens RefreshToken[]
+  articles      Article[]
 
   @@unique([provider, providerId])
 }
@@ -42,3 +43,32 @@ model RefreshToken {
   @@index([userId])
   @@index([token])
 }
+
+model Article {
+  id          String   @id @default(uuid())
+  url         String   // 원본 URL
+  finalUrl    String   // 최종 URL (리디렉션 후)
+  title       String?  // 추출된 제목
+  content     String?  // 스크래핑된 콘텐츠 (HTML)
+  contentType String?  // MIME 타입
+  summary     String?  // 요약 (선택적)
+  author      String?  // 저자 (선택적)
+  publishedAt DateTime? // 발행일 (선택적)
+  wordCount   Int?     // 단어 수
+  readingTime Int?     // 예상 읽기 시간 (분)
+  tags        String[] // 태그 배열
+  isBookmarked Boolean @default(false) // 북마크 여부
+  isArchived  Boolean @default(false) // 아카이브 여부
+  userId      String   // 사용자 ID
+  createdAt   DateTime @default(now())
+  updatedAt   DateTime @updatedAt
+
+  user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
+
+  @@unique([url, userId]) // 사용자별 URL 중복 방지
+  @@unique([id, userId])  // id와 userId 복합 고유 제약조건 추가
+  @@index([userId])
+  @@index([userId, isBookmarked])
+  @@index([userId, isArchived])
+  @@index([createdAt])
+}
diff --git a/src/app.module.ts b/src/app.module.ts
index 2bc3ee9..25af7ee 100644
--- a/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/src/app.module.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,12 @@ import throttlerConfig from 'src/config/throttler.config';
 import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
 import { AuthModule } from 'src/modules/auth/auth.module';
 import { DatabaseModule } from 'src/database/database.module';
+import { ScraperModule } from 'src/modules/scraper/scraper.module';
+import { ArticleModule } from 'src/modules/article/article.module';
 import { HealthController } from 'src/health.controller';
+import { PreHandlerModule } from './modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.module';
+import { SecurityModule } from './modules/security/security.module';
+import { UserModule } from './modules/user/user.module';
 
 @Module({
 	imports: [
@@ -34,6 +39,11 @@ import { HealthController } from 'src/health.controller';
 		DatabaseModule,
 		// Modules
 		AuthModule,
+		ScraperModule,
+		PreHandlerModule,
+		ArticleModule,
+		SecurityModule,
+		UserModule,
 	],
 	controllers: [HealthController],
 	providers: [
diff --git a/src/common/guards/__tests__/jwt.guard.spec.ts b/src/common/guards/__tests__/jwt.guard.spec.ts
index 47726c9..0eec995 100644
--- a/src/common/guards/__tests__/jwt.guard.spec.ts
+++ b/src/common/guards/__tests__/jwt.guard.spec.ts
@@ -1,65 +1,138 @@
-import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../jwt.guard';
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { ExecutionContext, UnauthorizedException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../jwt.guard';
+import { AuthService } from 'src/modules/auth/services/auth.service';
 import { TokenType } from 'src/types';
 
 describe('JwtAuthGuard', () => {
 	let guard: JwtAuthGuard;
-	let jwtService: any;
-	let authService: any;
-	let context: Partial<ExecutionContext>;
+	let jwtService: jest.Mocked<JwtService>;
+	let authService: jest.Mocked<AuthService>;
+	let context: ExecutionContext;
+
+	beforeEach(async () => {
+		const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+			providers: [
+				JwtAuthGuard,
+				{
+					provide: JwtService,
+					useValue: {
+						verify: jest.fn(),
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					provide: AuthService,
+					useValue: {
+						validateUser: jest.fn(),
+					},
+				},
+			],
+		}).compile();
+
+		guard = module.get<JwtAuthGuard>(JwtAuthGuard);
+		jwtService = module.get(JwtService);
+		authService = module.get(AuthService);
 
-	beforeEach(() => {
-		jwtService = { verify: jest.fn() };
-		authService = { validateUser: jest.fn() };
-		guard = new JwtAuthGuard(jwtService, authService);
 		context = {
 			switchToHttp: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-				getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token' } }),
+				getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+					headers: { authorization: 'Bearer valid-token' },
+				}),
 			}),
-		} as any;
+		} as unknown as ExecutionContext;
+	});
+
+	afterEach(() => {
+		jest.clearAllMocks();
 	});
 
 	it('JwtAuthGuard 인스턴스가 정의되어야 한다', () => {
 		expect(guard).toBeDefined();
 	});
 
-	it('Authorization 헤더가 없으면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-		(context.switchToHttp as jest.Mock).mockReturnValueOnce({ getRequest: () => ({ headers: {} }) });
-		await expect(guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
-	});
+	describe('canActivate', () => {
+		it('Authorization 헤더가 없으면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
+			const contextWithoutAuth = {
+				switchToHttp: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+					getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ headers: {} }),
+				}),
+			} as unknown as ExecutionContext;
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(contextWithoutAuth)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+		});
 
-	it('Bearer 타입이 아닌 Authorization이면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-		(context.switchToHttp as jest.Mock).mockReturnValueOnce({
-			getRequest: () => ({ headers: { authorization: 'Basic token' } }),
+		it('Bearer 타입이 아닌 Authorization이면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
+			const contextWithBasicAuth = {
+				switchToHttp: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+					getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+						headers: { authorization: 'Basic token' },
+					}),
+				}),
+			} as unknown as ExecutionContext;
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(contextWithBasicAuth)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
 		});
-		await expect(guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
-	});
 
-	it('jwtService.verify가 예외를 던지면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-		jwtService.verify = jest.fn(() => {
-			throw new Error('fail');
+		it('jwtService.verify가 예외를 던지면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
+			jwtService.verify.mockImplementation(() => {
+				throw new Error('JWT verification failed');
+			});
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid access token');
 		});
-		await expect(guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid access token');
-	});
 
-	it('토큰 타입이 ACCESS가 아니면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-		jwtService.verify = jest.fn(() => ({ type: TokenType.REFRESH, email: 'a' }));
-		await expect(guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid token type');
-	});
+		it('토큰 타입이 ACCESS가 아니면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
+			jwtService.verify.mockReturnValue({
+				type: TokenType.REFRESH,
+				email: 'test@example.com',
+				sub: '1',
+			});
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid token type');
+		});
 
-	it('validateUser가 null을 반환하면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-		jwtService.verify = jest.fn(() => ({ type: TokenType.ACCESS, email: 'a' }));
-		authService.validateUser = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null);
-		await expect(guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid access token');
-	});
+		it('validateUser가 null을 반환하면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
+			jwtService.verify.mockReturnValue({
+				type: TokenType.ACCESS,
+				email: 'test@example.com',
+				sub: '1',
+			});
+			authService.validateUser.mockRejectedValue(new UnauthorizedException('Invalid access token'));
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+			await expect(guard.canActivate(context)).rejects.toThrow('Invalid access token');
+		});
 
-	it('정상적인 토큰이면 true를 반환하고 request.user에 유저를 할당한다', async () => {
-		jwtService.verify = jest.fn(() => ({ type: TokenType.ACCESS, email: 'a' }));
-		authService.validateUser = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 1 });
-		const req = { headers: { authorization: 'Bearer token' }, user: undefined };
-		(context.switchToHttp as jest.Mock).mockReturnValueOnce({ getRequest: () => req });
-		const result = await guard.canActivate(context as ExecutionContext);
-		expect(result).toBe(true);
-		expect(req.user).toEqual({ id: 1 });
+		it('정상적인 토큰이면 true를 반환하고 request.user에 유저를 할당한다', async () => {
+			const mockUser = {
+				id: '1',
+				email: 'test@example.com',
+				name: null,
+				provider: 'google',
+				providerId: 'gid',
+				createdAt: new Date(),
+				updatedAt: new Date(),
+			};
+			const mockRequest = {
+				headers: { authorization: 'Bearer valid-token' },
+				user: undefined,
+			};
+			jwtService.verify.mockReturnValue({
+				type: TokenType.ACCESS,
+				email: 'test@example.com',
+				sub: '1',
+			});
+			authService.validateUser.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+			const contextWithRequest = {
+				switchToHttp: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+					getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockRequest),
+				}),
+			} as unknown as ExecutionContext;
+			const result = await guard.canActivate(contextWithRequest);
+			expect(result).toBe(true);
+			expect(mockRequest.user).toEqual(mockUser);
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+			expect(jwtService.verify).toHaveBeenCalledWith('valid-token');
+			// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+			expect(authService.validateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test@example.com');
+		});
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/common/guards/jwt.guard.ts b/src/common/guards/jwt.guard.ts
index ed759c9..1a2209d 100644
--- a/src/common/guards/jwt.guard.ts
+++ b/src/common/guards/jwt.guard.ts
@@ -1,50 +1,51 @@
-import { CanActivate, ExecutionContext, Injectable, UnauthorizedException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { CanActivate, ExecutionContext, Injectable, UnauthorizedException, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
-import { Request } from 'express';
 import { AuthService } from 'src/modules/auth/services/auth.service';
-import { JwtPayload, TokenType } from 'src/types';
-
-interface AuthenticatedRequest extends Request {
-	user?: any;
-}
+import { AuthRequest, JwtPayload, TokenType } from 'src/types';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class JwtAuthGuard implements CanActivate {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(JwtAuthGuard.name);
+
 	constructor(
 		private readonly jwtService: JwtService,
 		private readonly authService: AuthService,
 	) {}
 
 	async canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): Promise<boolean> {
-		const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest<AuthenticatedRequest>();
+		const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest<AuthRequest>();
 
-		// Authorization 헤더에서 Bearer 토큰 추출
 		const authHeader = request.headers['authorization'];
+
 		if (!authHeader || !authHeader.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
-			throw new UnauthorizedException('No access token provided');
+			throw new UnauthorizedException('Bearer token required');
 		}
+
 		const accessToken = authHeader.split(' ')[1];
 
+		if (!accessToken) {
+			throw new UnauthorizedException('No access token provided');
+		}
+
 		try {
-			// Access Token 검증
 			const payload = this.jwtService.verify<JwtPayload>(accessToken);
 
 			if (payload.type !== TokenType.ACCESS) {
 				throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid token type');
 			}
 
-			// 사용자 정보를 request에 추가
 			const user = await this.authService.validateUser(payload.email);
 			if (!user) {
 				throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid access token');
 			}
-			request.user = user;
 
+			request.user = user;
 			return true;
 		} catch (err) {
 			if (err instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
 				throw err;
 			}
+			this.logger.error(`JWT verification failed: ${(err as Error).message}`);
 			throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid access token');
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/src/common/interceptors/__tests__/logging.interceptor.spec.ts b/src/common/interceptors/__tests__/logging.interceptor.spec.ts
index a37fa3b..33669f8 100644
--- a/src/common/interceptors/__tests__/logging.interceptor.spec.ts
+++ b/src/common/interceptors/__tests__/logging.interceptor.spec.ts
@@ -1,50 +1,45 @@
-import { LoggingInterceptor } from '../logging.interceptor';
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { ExecutionContext, CallHandler } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { of, throwError } from 'rxjs';
+import { LoggingInterceptor } from '../logging.interceptor';
+import { Request } from 'express';
 
 describe('LoggingInterceptor', () => {
 	let interceptor: LoggingInterceptor;
-	let mockContext: Partial<ExecutionContext>;
-	let mockCallHandler: Partial<CallHandler>;
-	let loggerSpy: any;
-
-	beforeAll(() => {
-		// process.hrtime.bigint mock (jest 환경에서 없을 수 있으므로)
-		if (!process.hrtime || typeof process.hrtime.bigint !== 'function') {
-			(process as any).hrtime = { bigint: jest.fn(() => BigInt(Date.now() * 1_000_000)) };
-		}
-	});
+	let context: ExecutionContext;
+	let callHandler: CallHandler;
+	let mockRequest: Partial<Request>;
+	let mockResponse: any;
 
-	afterAll(() => {
-		// 테스트 종료 후 mock 제거
-		if ((process as any).hrtime && (process as any).hrtime.bigint) {
-			delete (process as any).hrtime;
-		}
-	});
+	beforeEach(async () => {
+		const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+			providers: [LoggingInterceptor],
+		}).compile();
+
+		interceptor = module.get<LoggingInterceptor>(LoggingInterceptor);
+
+		mockRequest = {
+			method: 'GET',
+			url: '/test',
+			ip: '127.0.0.1',
+			connection: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.2', destroySoon: () => {} } as unknown as import('net').Socket,
+			socket: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.3', destroySoon: () => {} } as unknown as import('net').Socket,
+		};
 
-	beforeEach(() => {
-		interceptor = new LoggingInterceptor();
-		mockContext = {
+		mockResponse = {
+			statusCode: 200,
+		};
+
+		context = {
 			switchToHttp: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-				getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-					method: 'GET',
-					url: '/test',
-					ip: '127.0.0.1',
-					connection: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.2' },
-					socket: { remoteAddress: '127.0.0.3' },
-				}),
-				getResponse: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ statusCode: 200 }),
+				getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockRequest),
+				getResponse: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockResponse),
 			}),
-		} as any;
-		mockCallHandler = {
+		} as unknown as ExecutionContext;
+
+		callHandler = {
 			handle: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(of('response')),
 		};
-		// logger 메서드 spy
-		loggerSpy = {
-			log: jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'log').mockImplementation(() => {}),
-			warn: jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {}),
-			error: jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'error').mockImplementation(() => {}),
-		};
 	});
 
 	afterEach(() => {
@@ -55,68 +50,81 @@ describe('LoggingInterceptor', () => {
 		expect(interceptor).toBeDefined();
 	});
 
-	it('정상 응답 시 log가 호출된다', (done) => {
-		interceptor.intercept(mockContext as ExecutionContext, mockCallHandler as CallHandler).subscribe(() => {
-			setImmediate(() => {
-				expect(loggerSpy.log).toHaveBeenCalledWith('GET /test - 127.0.0.1');
-				expect(loggerSpy.log).toHaveBeenCalledWith('GET /test - 200');
-				done();
+	describe('intercept', () => {
+		it('정상 응답 시 로그가 기록된다', (done) => {
+			const logSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'log').mockImplementation(() => {});
+			interceptor.intercept(context, callHandler).subscribe({
+				next: () => {
+					expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('GET /test - 127.0.0.1');
+					expect(logSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringMatching(/^GET \/test - 200 - [\d.]+ms$/));
+					logSpy.mockRestore();
+					done();
+				},
 			});
 		});
-	});
 
-	it('statusCode가 400 이상이면 warn이 호출된다', (done) => {
-		mockContext.switchToHttp = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-			getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ method: 'POST', url: '/fail', ip: '1.1.1.1' }),
-			getResponse: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ statusCode: 404 }),
-		});
-		interceptor.intercept(mockContext as ExecutionContext, mockCallHandler as CallHandler).subscribe(() => {
-			setImmediate(() => {
-				expect(loggerSpy.warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
-				done();
+		it('statusCode가 400 이상이면 warn이 호출된다', (done) => {
+			mockResponse.statusCode = 404;
+			const warnSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+			interceptor.intercept(context, callHandler).subscribe({
+				next: () => {
+					expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+					warnSpy.mockRestore();
+					done();
+				},
 			});
 		});
-	});
 
-	it('responseTime이 1000ms 초과면 warn이 호출된다', (done) => {
-		// getNow를 spyOn하여 1001ms 차이가 나도록 mock
-		const getNowSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor as any, 'getNow');
-		getNowSpy.mockReturnValueOnce(0).mockReturnValueOnce(1001);
-		mockContext.switchToHttp = jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-			getRequest: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
-				method: 'GET',
-				url: '/slow',
-				ip: '1.1.1.1',
-				connection: { remoteAddress: '1.1.1.2' },
-				socket: { remoteAddress: '1.1.1.3' },
-			}),
-			getResponse: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({ statusCode: 200 }),
-		});
-		interceptor.intercept(mockContext as ExecutionContext, mockCallHandler as CallHandler).subscribe(() => {
-			setImmediate(() => {
-				expect(loggerSpy.warn).toHaveBeenCalled();
-				getNowSpy.mockRestore();
-				done();
+		it('responseTime이 1000ms 초과면 warn이 호출된다', (done) => {
+			const warnSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+			const getNowSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor as any, 'getNow');
+			getNowSpy.mockReturnValueOnce(0).mockReturnValueOnce(1001);
+			interceptor.intercept(context, callHandler).subscribe({
+				next: () => {
+					expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+					getNowSpy.mockRestore();
+					warnSpy.mockRestore();
+					done();
+				},
 			});
 		});
-	});
 
-	it('에러 발생 시 error가 호출된다', (done) => {
-		mockCallHandler.handle = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(throwError(() => new Error('fail')));
-		interceptor.intercept(mockContext as ExecutionContext, mockCallHandler as CallHandler).subscribe({
-			error: () => {
-				setImmediate(() => {
-					expect(loggerSpy.error).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		it('에러 발생 시 error가 호출된다', (done) => {
+			const errorSpy = jest.spyOn(interceptor['logger'], 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+			callHandler.handle = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(throwError(() => new Error('Test error')));
+			interceptor.intercept(context, callHandler).subscribe({
+				error: () => {
+					expect(errorSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+					errorSpy.mockRestore();
 					done();
-				});
-			},
+				},
+			});
 		});
 	});
 
-	it('getClientIp가 ip, connection, socket, unknown 모두 정상 반환', () => {
-		expect(interceptor['getClientIp']({ ip: '1.2.3.4' } as any)).toBe('1.2.3.4');
-		expect(interceptor['getClientIp']({ connection: { remoteAddress: '2.2.2.2' } } as any)).toBe('2.2.2.2');
-		expect(interceptor['getClientIp']({ socket: { remoteAddress: '3.3.3.3' } } as any)).toBe('3.3.3.3');
-		expect(interceptor['getClientIp']({} as any)).toBe('unknown');
+	describe('getClientIp', () => {
+		it('ip가 있으면 ip를 반환한다', () => {
+			const request = { ip: '1.2.3.4' } as Request;
+			const result = interceptor['getClientIp'](request);
+			expect(result).toBe('1.2.3.4');
+		});
+
+		it('connection.remoteAddress가 있으면 connection.remoteAddress를 반환한다', () => {
+			const request = { connection: { remoteAddress: '2.2.2.2' } } as unknown as Request;
+			const result = interceptor['getClientIp'](request);
+			expect(result).toBe('2.2.2.2');
+		});
+
+		it('socket.remoteAddress가 있으면 socket.remoteAddress를 반환한다', () => {
+			const request = { socket: { remoteAddress: '3.3.3.3' } } as unknown as Request;
+			const result = interceptor['getClientIp'](request);
+			expect(result).toBe('3.3.3.3');
+		});
+
+		it('IP 정보가 없으면 unknown을 반환한다', () => {
+			const request = {} as Request;
+			const result = interceptor['getClientIp'](request);
+			expect(result).toBe('unknown');
+		});
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/common/interceptors/logging.interceptor.ts b/src/common/interceptors/logging.interceptor.ts
index 96a7266..89833d7 100644
--- a/src/common/interceptors/logging.interceptor.ts
+++ b/src/common/interceptors/logging.interceptor.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import { Request, Response } from 'express';
 @Injectable()
 export class LoggingInterceptor implements NestInterceptor {
 	private readonly logger = new Logger(LoggingInterceptor.name);
-	private readonly logFormat = '[%s] %s - %d - %dms';
 
 	private getNow(): number {
 		if (typeof process.hrtime?.bigint === 'function') {
@@ -21,29 +20,29 @@ export class LoggingInterceptor implements NestInterceptor {
 		const startTime = this.getNow();
 		const clientIp = this.getClientIp(req);
 
-		// 요청 시작 로그 (비동기)
-		setImmediate(() => {
-			this.logger.log(`${method} ${url} - ${clientIp}`);
-		});
+		// 요청 시작 로그
+		this.logger.log(`${method} ${url} - ${clientIp}`);
 
 		return next.handle().pipe(
 			tap(() => {
-				setImmediate(() => {
-					const endTime = this.getNow();
-					const responseTime = endTime - startTime;
-					const statusCode = res.statusCode;
-					if (statusCode >= 400 || responseTime > 1000) {
-						this.logger.warn(this.logFormat, method, url, statusCode, responseTime);
-					} else {
-						this.logger.log(`${method} ${url} - ${statusCode}`);
-					}
-				});
+				const endTime = this.getNow();
+				const responseTime = endTime - startTime;
+				const statusCode = res.statusCode;
+				const logMessage = `${method} ${url} - ${statusCode} - ${responseTime.toFixed(2)}ms`;
+
+				if (statusCode >= 400 || responseTime > 1000) {
+					this.logger.warn(logMessage);
+				} else {
+					this.logger.log(logMessage);
+				}
 			}),
 			catchError((err: unknown) => {
 				const endTime = this.getNow();
 				const responseTime = endTime - startTime;
 				const statusCode = res.statusCode || 500;
-				this.logger.error(this.logFormat, method, url, statusCode, responseTime);
+				const logMessage = `${method} ${url} - ${statusCode} - ${responseTime.toFixed(2)}ms`;
+
+				this.logger.error(logMessage);
 				if (err instanceof Error) {
 					this.logger.error(`${method} ${url} - ${err.message}`);
 				}
diff --git a/src/config/__tests__/app.config.spec.ts b/src/config/__tests__/app.config.spec.ts
index 8791137..44e00ac 100644
--- a/src/config/__tests__/app.config.spec.ts
+++ b/src/config/__tests__/app.config.spec.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,27 @@
 import appConfig from '../app.config';
 
 describe('appConfig', () => {
-	it('should return default values if env is not set', () => {
+	it('환경변수가 설정되지 않았을 때 기본값을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		process.env = {};
 		const config = appConfig();
 		expect(config.BASE_URL).toContain('localhost');
 		expect(config.CLIENT_URL).toContain('localhost');
+		process.env = originalEnv;
+	});
+
+	it('환경변수가 설정되었을 때 해당 값을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		const expectedBaseUrl = 'https://api.example.com';
+		const expectedClientUrl = 'https://app.example.com';
+		process.env = {
+			...originalEnv,
+			BASE_URL: expectedBaseUrl,
+			CLIENT_URL: expectedClientUrl,
+		};
+		const config = appConfig();
+		expect(config.BASE_URL).toBe(expectedBaseUrl);
+		expect(config.CLIENT_URL).toBe(expectedClientUrl);
+		process.env = originalEnv;
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/config/__tests__/auth.config.spec.ts b/src/config/__tests__/auth.config.spec.ts
index ae60438..c04a23d 100644
--- a/src/config/__tests__/auth.config.spec.ts
+++ b/src/config/__tests__/auth.config.spec.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,31 @@
 import authConfig from '../auth.config';
 
 describe('authConfig', () => {
-	it('should return default JWT values if env is not set', () => {
+	it('환경변수가 설정되지 않았을 때 기본 JWT 값을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		process.env = {};
 		const config = authConfig();
 		expect(config.JWT_SECRET).toBeDefined();
 		expect(config.JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRES_IN).toBe('7d');
 		expect(config.JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRES_IN).toBe('15m');
+		process.env = originalEnv;
+	});
+
+	it('환경변수가 설정되었을 때 해당 값을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		const expectedSecret = 'custom-secret';
+		const expectedRefreshExpires = '30d';
+		const expectedAccessExpires = '1h';
+		process.env = {
+			...originalEnv,
+			JWT_SECRET: expectedSecret,
+			JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRES_IN: expectedRefreshExpires,
+			JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRES_IN: expectedAccessExpires,
+		};
+		const config = authConfig();
+		expect(config.JWT_SECRET).toBe(expectedSecret);
+		expect(config.JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRES_IN).toBe(expectedRefreshExpires);
+		expect(config.JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRES_IN).toBe(expectedAccessExpires);
+		process.env = originalEnv;
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/config/__tests__/database.config.spec.ts b/src/config/__tests__/database.config.spec.ts
index 2c4c01d..48ec379 100644
--- a/src/config/__tests__/database.config.spec.ts
+++ b/src/config/__tests__/database.config.spec.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,27 @@
 import databaseConfig from '../database.config';
 
 describe('databaseConfig', () => {
-	it('should return empty string if env is not set', () => {
+	it('환경변수가 설정되지 않았을 때 빈 문자열을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		process.env = {};
 		const config = databaseConfig();
 		expect(config.DATABASE_URL).toBe('');
 		expect(config.DIRECT_URL).toBe('');
+		process.env = originalEnv;
+	});
+
+	it('환경변수가 설정되었을 때 해당 값을 반환한다', () => {
+		const originalEnv = process.env;
+		const expectedDatabaseUrl = 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/db';
+		const expectedDirectUrl = 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/db';
+		process.env = {
+			...originalEnv,
+			DATABASE_URL: expectedDatabaseUrl,
+			DIRECT_URL: expectedDirectUrl,
+		};
+		const config = databaseConfig();
+		expect(config.DATABASE_URL).toBe(expectedDatabaseUrl);
+		expect(config.DIRECT_URL).toBe(expectedDirectUrl);
+		process.env = originalEnv;
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/config/app.config.ts b/src/config/app.config.ts
index bf5118d..f7836b7 100644
--- a/src/config/app.config.ts
+++ b/src/config/app.config.ts
@@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ import { registerAs } from '@nestjs/config';
 export default registerAs('app', () => ({
 	BASE_URL: process.env.BASE_URL || `http://localhost:${process.env.PORT || 4000}`,
 	CLIENT_URL: process.env.CLIENT_URL || 'http://localhost:3000',
+	BROWSER_PATH: process.env.BROWSER_PATH || '/usr/bin/chromium-browser',
+	LOG_LEVEL: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
+	SUPPRESS_BROWSER_LOGS: process.env.SUPPRESS_BROWSER_LOGS === 'true',
 }));
diff --git a/src/database/__tests__/database.module.spec.ts b/src/database/__tests__/database.module.spec.ts
index 52c5f6d..7f56091 100644
--- a/src/database/__tests__/database.module.spec.ts
+++ b/src/database/__tests__/database.module.spec.ts
@@ -5,14 +5,26 @@ import { PrismaService } from '../prisma.service';
 describe('DatabaseModule', () => {
 	let module: TestingModule;
 
-	beforeAll(async () => {
+	beforeEach(async () => {
 		module = await Test.createTestingModule({
 			imports: [DatabaseModule],
 		}).compile();
 	});
 
-	it('should provide PrismaService', () => {
+	afterEach(async () => {
+		await module.close();
+	});
+
+	it('PrismaService를 제공한다', () => {
 		const prisma = module.get<PrismaService>(PrismaService);
 		expect(prisma).toBeDefined();
+		expect(typeof prisma).toBe('object');
+		expect(prisma).toHaveProperty('$connect');
+	});
+
+	it('PrismaService가 싱글톤으로 제공된다', () => {
+		const prisma1 = module.get<PrismaService>(PrismaService);
+		const prisma2 = module.get<PrismaService>(PrismaService);
+		expect(prisma1).toBe(prisma2);
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/database/__tests__/prisma.service.spec.ts b/src/database/__tests__/prisma.service.spec.ts
index c96fafa..5a8482c 100644
--- a/src/database/__tests__/prisma.service.spec.ts
+++ b/src/database/__tests__/prisma.service.spec.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,36 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
 import { PrismaService } from '../prisma.service';
 
 describe('PrismaService', () => {
 	let service: PrismaService;
+	let module: TestingModule;
 
-	beforeEach(() => {
-		service = new PrismaService();
+	beforeEach(async () => {
+		module = await Test.createTestingModule({
+			providers: [PrismaService],
+		}).compile();
+
+		service = module.get<PrismaService>(PrismaService);
+	});
+
+	afterEach(async () => {
+		await module.close();
 	});
 
-	it('should be defined', () => {
+	it('PrismaService 인스턴스가 정의되어야 한다', () => {
 		expect(service).toBeDefined();
 	});
 
-	// 필요시 PrismaService의 메서드에 대한 mock 테스트 추가 가능
+	it('PrismaService가 PrismaClient를 상속한다', () => {
+		expect(service).toHaveProperty('$connect');
+		expect(service).toHaveProperty('$disconnect');
+		expect(service).toHaveProperty('$on');
+	});
+
+	it('onModuleInit에서 $connect를 호출한다', async () => {
+		const connectSpy = jest.spyOn(service, '$connect').mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+		await service.onModuleInit();
+		expect(connectSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+		connectSpy.mockRestore();
+	});
 });
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index c96513a..0e6404f 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
 import * as cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
 import { AppModule } from './app.module';
 import { LoggingInterceptor } from 'src/common/interceptors/logging.interceptor';
-import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ValidationPipe, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { DocumentBuilder, SwaggerModule } from '@nestjs/swagger';
 import helmet from 'helmet';
 
 async function bootstrap() {
-	const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
+	// 로그 레벨 설정 (단일 값)
+	const logLevel = (process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'log') as 'log' | 'error' | 'warn' | 'debug' | 'verbose' | 'fatal';
+	const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule, {
+		logger: [logLevel],
+	});
 
 	// Helmet 보안 미들웨어 추가
 	app.use(helmet());
@@ -44,19 +48,27 @@ async function bootstrap() {
 					type: 'http',
 					scheme: 'bearer',
 					bearerFormat: 'JWT',
-					description: 'Input your JWT token',
+					description: 'Enter JWT token (without "Bearer" prefix)',
 					name: 'Authorization',
 					in: 'header',
 				},
 				'access-token',
 			)
+			.addSecurityRequirements('access-token')
 			.build();
 
 		const document = SwaggerModule.createDocument(app, config);
-		SwaggerModule.setup('api', app, document);
+		SwaggerModule.setup('api', app, document, {
+			swaggerOptions: {
+				persistAuthorization: true, // 브라우저 새로고침 시에도 토큰 유지
+			},
+		});
 	}
 
+	const logger = new Logger('Bootstrap');
+	logger.log(`Application starting with log level: ${logLevel}`);
+
 	await app.listen(process.env.PORT ?? 4000);
 }
 
-bootstrap();
+void bootstrap();
diff --git a/src/modules/article/article.controller.ts b/src/modules/article/article.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecfbbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/article.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+import {
+	Controller,
+	Get,
+	Post,
+	Put,
+	Delete,
+	Body,
+	Param,
+	Query,
+	UseGuards,
+	Request,
+	HttpCode,
+	HttpStatus,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiResponse, ApiBody, ApiQuery, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../../common/guards/jwt.guard';
+import { ArticleService } from './services/article.service';
+import { CreateArticleInput } from './dto/create-article.input';
+import { UpdateArticleInput } from './dto/update-article.input';
+import { ListArticlesInput } from './dto/list-articles.input';
+import { ArticleOutput } from './dto/article.output';
+import { PaginatedArticlesOutput } from './dto/paginated-articles.output';
+import { AuthRequest } from 'src/types';
+
+@ApiTags('articles')
+@Controller('articles')
+@UseGuards(JwtAuthGuard)
+@ApiBearerAuth()
+export class ArticleController {
+	constructor(private readonly articleService: ArticleService) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * 새로운 Article을 생성합니다.
+	 */
+	@Post()
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 생성',
+		description: '새로운 Article을 생성합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiBody({ type: CreateArticleInput })
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 201,
+		description: 'Article 생성 성공',
+		type: ArticleOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 400,
+		description: '잘못된 요청 또는 중복된 URL',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	async createArticle(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Body() input: CreateArticleInput): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.createArticle(req.user.id, input);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 목록을 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	@Get()
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 목록 조회',
+		description: '사용자의 Article 목록을 페이지네이션과 함께 조회합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'page', required: false, type: Number, description: '페이지 번호' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'limit', required: false, type: Number, description: '페이지당 항목 수' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'search', required: false, type: String, description: '검색 키워드' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'tags', required: false, type: [String], description: '태그 필터' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'isBookmarked', required: false, type: Boolean, description: '북마크 필터' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'isArchived', required: false, type: Boolean, description: '아카이브 필터' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'sortBy', required: false, type: String, description: '정렬 기준' })
+	@ApiQuery({ name: 'sortOrder', required: false, type: String, description: '정렬 순서' })
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: 'Article 목록 조회 성공',
+		type: PaginatedArticlesOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	async getArticles(
+		@Request() req: AuthRequest,
+		@Query() query: ListArticlesInput,
+	): Promise<PaginatedArticlesOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.getArticles(req.user.id, query);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 특정 Article을 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	@Get(':id')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 조회',
+		description: '특정 Article을 조회합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: 'Article 조회 성공',
+		type: ArticleOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 404,
+		description: 'Article을 찾을 수 없음',
+	})
+	async getArticle(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Param('id') id: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.getArticle(req.user.id, id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 업데이트합니다.
+	 */
+	@Put(':id')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 업데이트',
+		description: 'Article의 정보를 업데이트합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiBody({ type: UpdateArticleInput })
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: 'Article 업데이트 성공',
+		type: ArticleOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 404,
+		description: 'Article을 찾을 수 없음',
+	})
+	async updateArticle(
+		@Request() req: AuthRequest,
+		@Param('id') id: string,
+		@Body() input: UpdateArticleInput,
+	): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.updateArticle(req.user.id, id, input);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 삭제합니다.
+	 */
+	@Delete(':id')
+	@HttpCode(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 삭제',
+		description: 'Article을 삭제합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 204,
+		description: 'Article 삭제 성공',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 404,
+		description: 'Article을 찾을 수 없음',
+	})
+	async deleteArticle(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Param('id') id: string): Promise<void> {
+		return this.articleService.deleteArticle(req.user.id, id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article 북마크 상태를 토글합니다.
+	 */
+	@Post(':id/bookmark')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 북마크 토글',
+		description: 'Article의 북마크 상태를 토글합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '북마크 상태 변경 성공',
+		type: ArticleOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 404,
+		description: 'Article을 찾을 수 없음',
+	})
+	async toggleBookmark(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Param('id') id: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.toggleBookmark(req.user.id, id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article 아카이브 상태를 토글합니다.
+	 */
+	@Post(':id/archive')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 아카이브 토글',
+		description: 'Article의 아카이브 상태를 토글합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '아카이브 상태 변경 성공',
+		type: ArticleOutput,
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 404,
+		description: 'Article을 찾을 수 없음',
+	})
+	async toggleArchive(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Param('id') id: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		return this.articleService.toggleArchive(req.user.id, id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 통계를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	@Get('stats/overview')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'Article 통계 조회',
+		description: '사용자의 Article 통계를 조회합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '통계 조회 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				total: { type: 'number', description: '총 Article 수' },
+				bookmarked: { type: 'number', description: '북마크된 Article 수' },
+				archived: { type: 'number', description: '아카이브된 Article 수' },
+				recent: { type: 'number', description: '최근 7일간 추가된 Article 수' },
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	async getArticleStats(@Request() req: AuthRequest): Promise<{
+		total: number;
+		bookmarked: number;
+		archived: number;
+		recent: number;
+	}> {
+		return this.articleService.getArticleStats(req.user.id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 모든 태그를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	@Get('tags/all')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '사용자 태그 목록 조회',
+		description: '사용자가 사용한 모든 태그를 조회합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '태그 목록 조회 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'array',
+			items: { type: 'string' },
+		},
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	async getUserTags(@Request() req: AuthRequest): Promise<string[]> {
+		return this.articleService.getUserTags(req.user.id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * URL이 이미 저장되어 있는지 확인합니다.
+	 */
+	@Get('check-url')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: 'URL 중복 확인',
+		description: 'URL이 이미 저장되어 있는지 확인합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({
+		name: 'url',
+		required: true,
+		type: String,
+		description: '확인할 URL',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: 'URL 확인 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				exists: { type: 'boolean', description: 'URL 존재 여부' },
+				url: { type: 'string', description: '확인한 URL' },
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	async checkUrl(@Request() req: AuthRequest, @Query('url') url: string): Promise<{ exists: boolean; url: string }> {
+		const exists = await this.articleService.isUrlAlreadySaved(req.user.id, url);
+		return { exists, url };
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/article.module.ts b/src/modules/article/article.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad22d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/article.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { DatabaseModule } from '../../database/database.module';
+import { ArticleController } from './article.controller';
+import { ArticleService } from './services/article.service';
+import { ArticleRepository } from './repositories/article.repository';
+
+/**
+ * Article 모듈
+ * 스크래핑된 콘텐츠 저장 및 관리 기능을 제공합니다.
+ */
+@Module({
+	imports: [DatabaseModule],
+	controllers: [ArticleController],
+	providers: [ArticleService, ArticleRepository],
+	exports: [ArticleService],
+})
+export class ArticleModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/article.output.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/article.output.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7339fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/article.output.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+
+/**
+ * Article 출력 DTO
+ */
+export class ArticleOutput {
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: 'Article ID',
+		example: 'uuid-string',
+	})
+	id!: string;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '원본 URL',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	url!: string;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '최종 URL (리디렉션 후)',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	finalUrl!: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '추출된 제목',
+		example: 'Amazing Article Title',
+	})
+	title?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '스크래핑된 콘텐츠 (HTML)',
+		example: '<div>Article content...</div>',
+	})
+	content?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: 'MIME 타입',
+		example: 'text/html',
+	})
+	contentType?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '요약',
+		example: 'This article discusses...',
+	})
+	summary?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '저자',
+		example: 'John Doe',
+	})
+	author?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '발행일',
+		example: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+	})
+	publishedAt?: Date;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '단어 수',
+		example: 1500,
+	})
+	wordCount?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '예상 읽기 시간 (분)',
+		example: 7,
+	})
+	readingTime?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '태그 배열',
+		example: ['tech', 'ai', 'programming'],
+		type: [String],
+	})
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '북마크 여부',
+		example: false,
+	})
+	isBookmarked!: boolean;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '아카이브 여부',
+		example: false,
+	})
+	isArchived!: boolean;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '사용자 ID',
+		example: 'user-uuid',
+	})
+	userId!: string;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '생성일',
+		example: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+	})
+	createdAt!: Date;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '업데이트일',
+		example: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+	})
+	updatedAt!: Date;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/create-article.input.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/create-article.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d58111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/create-article.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import { IsNotEmpty, IsOptional, IsString, IsUrl, IsArray, IsBoolean, IsInt, IsDateString, Min } from 'class-validator';
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+
+/**
+ * Article 생성을 위한 입력 DTO
+ */
+export class CreateArticleInput {
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '원본 URL',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	@IsString()
+	@IsNotEmpty()
+	@IsUrl({ require_protocol: true })
+	url!: string;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '최종 URL (리디렉션 후)',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	@IsString()
+	@IsNotEmpty()
+	@IsUrl({ require_protocol: true })
+	finalUrl!: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '추출된 제목',
+		example: 'Amazing Article Title',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	title?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '스크래핑된 콘텐츠 (HTML)',
+		example: '<div>Article content...</div>',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	content?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: 'MIME 타입',
+		example: 'text/html',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	contentType?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '요약',
+		example: 'This article discusses...',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	summary?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '저자',
+		example: 'John Doe',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	author?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '발행일',
+		example: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsDateString()
+	publishedAt?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '단어 수',
+		example: 1500,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(0)
+	wordCount?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '예상 읽기 시간 (분)',
+		example: 7,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(0)
+	readingTime?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '태그 배열',
+		example: ['tech', 'ai', 'programming'],
+		type: [String],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsArray()
+	@IsString({ each: true })
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '북마크 여부',
+		example: false,
+		default: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '아카이브 여부',
+		example: false,
+		default: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/list-articles.input.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/list-articles.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e5e7e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/list-articles.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { IsOptional, IsString, IsInt, IsBoolean, IsArray, IsIn, Min, Max } from 'class-validator';
+import { ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { Type } from 'class-transformer';
+
+/**
+ * Article 목록 조회를 위한 입력 DTO
+ */
+export class ListArticlesInput {
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '페이지 번호 (1부터 시작)',
+		example: 1,
+		default: 1,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@Type(() => Number)
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(1)
+	page?: number = 1;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '페이지당 항목 수',
+		example: 20,
+		default: 20,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@Type(() => Number)
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(1)
+	@Max(100)
+	limit?: number = 20;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '검색 키워드 (제목, 내용에서 검색)',
+		example: 'javascript',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	search?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '태그 필터',
+		example: ['tech', 'programming'],
+		type: [String],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsArray()
+	@IsString({ each: true })
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '북마크된 항목만 조회',
+		example: true,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '아카이브된 항목만 조회',
+		example: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '정렬 기준',
+		example: 'createdAt',
+		enum: ['createdAt', 'updatedAt', 'title', 'publishedAt'],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	@IsIn(['createdAt', 'updatedAt', 'title', 'publishedAt'])
+	sortBy?: string = 'createdAt';
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '정렬 순서',
+		example: 'desc',
+		enum: ['asc', 'desc'],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	@IsIn(['asc', 'desc'])
+	sortOrder?: string = 'desc';
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/paginated-articles.output.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/paginated-articles.output.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fffabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/paginated-articles.output.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { ApiProperty } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { ArticleOutput } from './article.output';
+
+/**
+ * 페이지네이션된 Article 목록 출력 DTO
+ */
+export class PaginatedArticlesOutput {
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: 'Article 목록',
+		type: [ArticleOutput],
+	})
+	articles!: ArticleOutput[];
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '총 항목 수',
+		example: 150,
+	})
+	total!: number;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '현재 페이지',
+		example: 1,
+	})
+	page!: number;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '페이지당 항목 수',
+		example: 20,
+	})
+	limit!: number;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '총 페이지 수',
+		example: 8,
+	})
+	totalPages!: number;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '다음 페이지 존재 여부',
+		example: true,
+	})
+	hasNext!: boolean;
+
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '이전 페이지 존재 여부',
+		example: false,
+	})
+	hasPrev!: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/save-scraped-content.input.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/save-scraped-content.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b875084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/save-scraped-content.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { IsNotEmpty, IsOptional, IsString, IsUrl, IsArray, IsBoolean } from 'class-validator';
+import { ApiProperty, ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+
+/**
+ * 스크래핑된 콘텐츠를 저장하기 위한 입력 DTO
+ */
+export class SaveScrapedContentInput {
+	@ApiProperty({
+		description: '스크래핑할 URL',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	@IsString()
+	@IsNotEmpty()
+	@IsUrl({ require_protocol: true })
+	url!: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '태그 배열',
+		example: ['tech', 'ai', 'programming'],
+		type: [String],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsArray()
+	@IsString({ each: true })
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '북마크 여부',
+		example: false,
+		default: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '아카이브 여부',
+		example: false,
+		default: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/dto/update-article.input.ts b/src/modules/article/dto/update-article.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb4f200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/dto/update-article.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { IsOptional, IsString, IsArray, IsBoolean, IsInt, IsDateString, Min } from 'class-validator';
+import { ApiPropertyOptional } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+
+/**
+ * Article 업데이트를 위한 입력 DTO
+ */
+export class UpdateArticleInput {
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '추출된 제목',
+		example: 'Updated Article Title',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	title?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '스크래핑된 콘텐츠 (HTML)',
+		example: '<div>Updated content...</div>',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	content?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: 'MIME 타입',
+		example: 'text/html',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	contentType?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '요약',
+		example: 'Updated summary...',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	summary?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '저자',
+		example: 'Jane Doe',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	author?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '발행일',
+		example: '2024-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsDateString()
+	publishedAt?: string;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '단어 수',
+		example: 1500,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(0)
+	wordCount?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '예상 읽기 시간 (분)',
+		example: 7,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsInt()
+	@Min(0)
+	readingTime?: number;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '태그 배열',
+		example: ['tech', 'ai', 'programming'],
+		type: [String],
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsArray()
+	@IsString({ each: true })
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '북마크 여부',
+		example: true,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+
+	@ApiPropertyOptional({
+		description: '아카이브 여부',
+		example: false,
+	})
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/repositories/article.repository.ts b/src/modules/article/repositories/article.repository.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ad69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/repositories/article.repository.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaService } from '../../../database/prisma.service';
+import { Article, Prisma } from '@prisma/client';
+import { CreateArticleInput } from '../dto/create-article.input';
+import { UpdateArticleInput } from '../dto/update-article.input';
+import { ListArticlesInput } from '../dto/list-articles.input';
+
+/**
+ * Article 데이터베이스 작업을 담당하는 Repository
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ArticleRepository {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(ArticleRepository.name);
+
+	constructor(private readonly prisma: PrismaService) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * 새로운 Article을 생성합니다.
+	 */
+	async createArticle(userId: string, input: CreateArticleInput): Promise<Article> {
+		const data: Prisma.ArticleCreateInput = {
+			url: input.url,
+			finalUrl: input.finalUrl,
+			title: input.title,
+			content: input.content,
+			contentType: input.contentType,
+			summary: input.summary,
+			author: input.author,
+			publishedAt: input.publishedAt ? new Date(input.publishedAt) : undefined,
+			wordCount: input.wordCount,
+			readingTime: input.readingTime,
+			tags: input.tags || [],
+			isBookmarked: input.isBookmarked || false,
+			isArchived: input.isArchived || false,
+			user: {
+				connect: { id: userId },
+			},
+		};
+
+		return this.prisma.article.create({
+			data,
+			include: {
+				user: {
+					select: {
+						id: true,
+						email: true,
+						name: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * URL과 사용자 ID로 기존 Article을 찾습니다.
+	 */
+	async findByUrlAndUserId(url: string, userId: string): Promise<Article | null> {
+		return this.prisma.article.findUnique({
+			where: {
+				url_userId: {
+					url,
+					userId,
+				},
+			},
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * ID로 Article을 찾습니다.
+	 */
+	async findById(id: string, userId: string): Promise<Article | null> {
+		return this.prisma.article.findFirst({
+			where: {
+				id,
+				userId,
+			},
+			include: {
+				user: {
+					select: {
+						id: true,
+						email: true,
+						name: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 업데이트합니다.
+	 */
+	async updateArticle(id: string, userId: string, input: UpdateArticleInput): Promise<Article | null> {
+		const data: Prisma.ArticleUpdateInput = {
+			title: input.title,
+			content: input.content,
+			contentType: input.contentType,
+			summary: input.summary,
+			author: input.author,
+			publishedAt: input.publishedAt ? new Date(input.publishedAt) : undefined,
+			wordCount: input.wordCount,
+			readingTime: input.readingTime,
+			tags: input.tags,
+			isBookmarked: input.isBookmarked,
+			isArchived: input.isArchived,
+		};
+
+		// undefined 값들을 제거
+		Object.keys(data).forEach((key) => {
+			if (data[key as keyof typeof data] === undefined) {
+				delete data[key as keyof typeof data];
+			}
+		});
+
+		try {
+			return await this.prisma.article.update({
+				where: {
+					id_userId: {
+						id,
+						userId,
+					},
+				},
+				data,
+				include: {
+					user: {
+						select: {
+							id: true,
+							email: true,
+							name: true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		} catch (error) {
+			// Article이 존재하지 않거나 사용자가 소유하지 않은 경우
+			this.logger.warn(`Failed to update article ${id} for user ${userId}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 삭제합니다.
+	 */
+	async deleteArticle(id: string, userId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+		try {
+			await this.prisma.article.delete({
+				where: {
+					id_userId: {
+						id,
+						userId,
+					},
+				},
+			});
+			return true;
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`Failed to delete article ${id} for user ${userId}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 목록을 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async findArticlesByUserId(
+		userId: string,
+		input: ListArticlesInput,
+	): Promise<{
+		articles: Article[];
+		total: number;
+	}> {
+		const {
+			page = 1,
+			limit = 20,
+			search,
+			tags,
+			isBookmarked,
+			isArchived,
+			sortBy = 'createdAt',
+			sortOrder = 'desc',
+		} = input;
+
+		const skip = (page - 1) * limit;
+
+		// 검색 조건 구성
+		const where: Prisma.ArticleWhereInput = {
+			userId,
+			...(search && {
+				OR: [
+					{ title: { contains: search, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+					{ content: { contains: search, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+					{ summary: { contains: search, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+				],
+			}),
+			...(tags &&
+				tags.length > 0 && {
+					tags: {
+						hasSome: tags,
+					},
+				}),
+			...(isBookmarked !== undefined && { isBookmarked }),
+			...(isArchived !== undefined && { isArchived }),
+		};
+
+		// 정렬 조건 구성 - 타입 안전성 보장
+		const orderBy: Prisma.ArticleOrderByWithRelationInput = {
+			[sortBy as keyof Prisma.ArticleOrderByWithRelationInput]: sortOrder as Prisma.SortOrder,
+		};
+
+		const [articles, total] = await Promise.all([
+			this.prisma.article.findMany({
+				where,
+				orderBy,
+				skip,
+				take: limit,
+				include: {
+					user: {
+						select: {
+							id: true,
+							email: true,
+							name: true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			this.prisma.article.count({ where }),
+		]);
+
+		return { articles, total };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 통계를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getArticleStats(userId: string): Promise<{
+		total: number;
+		bookmarked: number;
+		archived: number;
+		recent: number;
+	}> {
+		const [total, bookmarked, archived, recent] = await Promise.all([
+			this.prisma.article.count({ where: { userId } }),
+			this.prisma.article.count({ where: { userId, isBookmarked: true } }),
+			this.prisma.article.count({ where: { userId, isArchived: true } }),
+			this.prisma.article.count({
+				where: {
+					userId,
+					createdAt: {
+						gte: new Date(Date.now() - 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000), // 최근 7일
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+		]);
+
+		return { total, bookmarked, archived, recent };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 모든 태그를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getUserTags(userId: string): Promise<string[]> {
+		const articles = await this.prisma.article.findMany({
+			where: { userId },
+			select: { tags: true },
+		});
+
+		const allTags = articles.flatMap((article) => article.tags);
+		return Array.from(new Set(allTags)).sort();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * URL과 사용자 ID로 기존 Article을 업데이트하거나 새로 생성합니다.
+	 */
+	async upsertArticle(userId: string, input: CreateArticleInput): Promise<Article> {
+		const data: Prisma.ArticleCreateInput = {
+			url: input.url,
+			finalUrl: input.finalUrl,
+			title: input.title,
+			content: input.content,
+			contentType: input.contentType,
+			summary: input.summary,
+			author: input.author,
+			publishedAt: input.publishedAt ? new Date(input.publishedAt) : undefined,
+			wordCount: input.wordCount,
+			readingTime: input.readingTime,
+			tags: input.tags || [],
+			isBookmarked: input.isBookmarked || false,
+			isArchived: input.isArchived || false,
+			user: {
+				connect: { id: userId },
+			},
+		};
+
+		return this.prisma.article.upsert({
+			where: {
+				url_userId: {
+					url: input.url,
+					userId,
+				},
+			},
+			create: data,
+			update: {
+				finalUrl: input.finalUrl,
+				title: input.title,
+				content: input.content,
+				contentType: input.contentType,
+				summary: input.summary,
+				author: input.author,
+				publishedAt: input.publishedAt ? new Date(input.publishedAt) : undefined,
+				wordCount: input.wordCount,
+				readingTime: input.readingTime,
+				tags: input.tags || [],
+				// 북마크와 아카이브 상태는 업데이트하지 않음 (사용자가 설정한 값 유지)
+			},
+			include: {
+				user: {
+					select: {
+						id: true,
+						email: true,
+						name: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		});
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/article/services/article.service.ts b/src/modules/article/services/article.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdfceac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/article/services/article.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, NotFoundException, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Article } from '@prisma/client';
+import * as DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { ArticleRepository } from '../repositories/article.repository';
+import { CreateArticleInput } from '../dto/create-article.input';
+import { UpdateArticleInput } from '../dto/update-article.input';
+import { ListArticlesInput } from '../dto/list-articles.input';
+import { ArticleOutput } from '../dto/article.output';
+import { PaginatedArticlesOutput } from '../dto/paginated-articles.output';
+import { SaveScrapedContentInput } from '../dto/save-scraped-content.input';
+import { ScrapedContentOutput } from '../../scraper/dto/scraped-content.output';
+
+/**
+ * Article 비즈니스 로직을 담당하는 Service
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ArticleService {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(ArticleService.name);
+
+	constructor(private readonly articleRepository: ArticleRepository) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * 새로운 Article을 생성합니다.
+	 */
+	async createArticle(userId: string, input: CreateArticleInput): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		try {
+			// 중복 체크
+			const existing = await this.articleRepository.findByUrlAndUserId(input.url, userId);
+			if (existing) {
+				throw new BadRequestException('이미 저장된 URL입니다.');
+			}
+
+			const article = await this.articleRepository.createArticle(userId, input);
+			return this.mapToOutput(article);
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.error(`Failed to create article for user ${userId}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			throw error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 스크래핑된 콘텐츠를 저장합니다.
+	 */
+	async saveScrapedContent(
+		userId: string,
+		scrapedContent: ScrapedContentOutput,
+		options: Omit<SaveScrapedContentInput, 'url'> = {},
+	): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		try {
+			// (B-3) XSS 방어: DB 저장 전 HTML 살균
+			const sanitizedContent = this.sanitizeHtml(scrapedContent.content);
+
+			// 단어 수와 읽기 시간 계산
+			const wordCount = this.calculateWordCount(sanitizedContent);
+			const readingTime = this.calculateReadingTime(wordCount);
+
+			const articleData: CreateArticleInput = {
+				url: scrapedContent.finalUrl, // 원본 URL 대신 최종 URL 사용
+				finalUrl: scrapedContent.finalUrl,
+				title: scrapedContent.title,
+				content: sanitizedContent, // 살균된 콘텐츠 저장
+				contentType: scrapedContent.contentType,
+				wordCount,
+				readingTime,
+				tags: options.tags || [],
+				isBookmarked: options.isBookmarked || false,
+				isArchived: options.isArchived || false,
+			};
+
+			// upsert를 사용하여 중복 처리
+			const article = await this.articleRepository.upsertArticle(userId, articleData);
+			return this.mapToOutput(article);
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.error(`Failed to save scraped content for user ${userId}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			throw error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getArticle(userId: string, articleId: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		const article = await this.articleRepository.findById(articleId, userId);
+		if (!article) {
+			throw new NotFoundException('Article을 찾을 수 없습니다.');
+		}
+		return this.mapToOutput(article);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 업데이트합니다.
+	 */
+	async updateArticle(userId: string, articleId: string, input: UpdateArticleInput): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		const article = await this.articleRepository.updateArticle(articleId, userId, input);
+		if (!article) {
+			throw new NotFoundException('Article을 찾을 수 없습니다.');
+		}
+		return this.mapToOutput(article);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article을 삭제합니다.
+	 */
+	async deleteArticle(userId: string, articleId: string): Promise<void> {
+		const success = await this.articleRepository.deleteArticle(articleId, userId);
+		if (!success) {
+			throw new NotFoundException('Article을 찾을 수 없습니다.');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 목록을 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getArticles(userId: string, input: ListArticlesInput): Promise<PaginatedArticlesOutput> {
+		const { articles, total } = await this.articleRepository.findArticlesByUserId(userId, input);
+
+		const page = input.page || 1;
+		const limit = input.limit || 20;
+		const totalPages = Math.ceil(total / limit);
+
+		return {
+			articles: articles.map((article) => this.mapToOutput(article)),
+			total,
+			page,
+			limit,
+			totalPages,
+			hasNext: page < totalPages,
+			hasPrev: page > 1,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 Article 통계를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getArticleStats(userId: string): Promise<{
+		total: number;
+		bookmarked: number;
+		archived: number;
+		recent: number;
+	}> {
+		return this.articleRepository.getArticleStats(userId);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사용자의 모든 태그를 조회합니다.
+	 */
+	async getUserTags(userId: string): Promise<string[]> {
+		return this.articleRepository.getUserTags(userId);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article 북마크 상태를 토글합니다.
+	 */
+	async toggleBookmark(userId: string, articleId: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		const article = await this.articleRepository.findById(articleId, userId);
+		if (!article) {
+			throw new NotFoundException('Article을 찾을 수 없습니다.');
+		}
+
+		const updated = await this.articleRepository.updateArticle(articleId, userId, {
+			isBookmarked: !article.isBookmarked,
+		});
+
+		return this.mapToOutput(updated!);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article 아카이브 상태를 토글합니다.
+	 */
+	async toggleArchive(userId: string, articleId: string): Promise<ArticleOutput> {
+		const article = await this.articleRepository.findById(articleId, userId);
+		if (!article) {
+			throw new NotFoundException('Article을 찾을 수 없습니다.');
+		}
+
+		const updated = await this.articleRepository.updateArticle(articleId, userId, {
+			isArchived: !article.isArchived,
+		});
+
+		return this.mapToOutput(updated!);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * URL이 이미 저장되어 있는지 확인합니다.
+	 */
+	async isUrlAlreadySaved(userId: string, url: string): Promise<boolean> {
+		const article = await this.articleRepository.findByUrlAndUserId(url, userId);
+		return !!article;
+	}
+
+	// ==================== PRIVATE HELPERS ====================
+
+	/**
+	 * Sanitize HTML content to prevent XSS attacks.
+	 * @param html The HTML content to sanitize.
+	 * @returns The sanitized HTML content.
+	 */
+	private sanitizeHtml(html?: string): string | undefined {
+		if (!html) {
+			return undefined;
+		}
+		// JSDOM을 사용하여 서버 사이드에서 DOM 환경을 만듭니다.
+		const window = new JSDOM('').window;
+		const purify = DOMPurify(window);
+		// 기본 설정으로 HTML을 살균합니다.
+		return purify.sanitize(html);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Article 엔티티를 ArticleOutput DTO로 변환합니다.
+	 */
+	private mapToOutput(article: Article & { user?: { id: string; email: string; name: string } }): ArticleOutput {
+		return {
+			id: article.id,
+			url: article.url,
+			finalUrl: article.finalUrl,
+			title: article.title ?? undefined,
+			content: article.content ?? undefined,
+			contentType: article.contentType ?? undefined,
+			summary: article.summary ?? undefined,
+			author: article.author ?? undefined,
+			publishedAt: article.publishedAt ?? undefined,
+			wordCount: article.wordCount ?? undefined,
+			readingTime: article.readingTime ?? undefined,
+			tags: article.tags,
+			isBookmarked: article.isBookmarked,
+			isArchived: article.isArchived,
+			userId: article.userId,
+			createdAt: article.createdAt,
+			updatedAt: article.updatedAt,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠의 단어 수를 계산합니다.
+	 */
+	private calculateWordCount(content?: string): number {
+		if (!content) return 0;
+
+		// HTML 태그 제거
+		const textContent = content.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, '');
+
+		// 단어 수 계산 (공백 기준)
+		const words = textContent.trim().split(/\s+/);
+		return words.length > 0 && words[0] !== '' ? words.length : 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 예상 읽기 시간을 계산합니다 (분 단위).
+	 */
+	private calculateReadingTime(wordCount: number): number {
+		// 평균 읽기 속도: 200-250 단어/분
+		const wordsPerMinute = 225;
+		const minutes = Math.ceil(wordCount / wordsPerMinute);
+		return Math.max(1, minutes); // 최소 1분
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/auth.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/auth.service.spec.ts
index 33ad301..16b4bbf 100644
--- a/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/auth.service.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/auth.service.spec.ts
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ describe('AuthService', () => {
 
 		it('이메일이 undefined/null이면 NotFoundException을 던진다', async () => {
 			userService.getUserByEmail.mockResolvedValue(null);
-			await expect(service.validateUser(undefined as any)).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
-			await expect(service.validateUser(null as any)).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
+			await expect(service.validateUser(undefined as unknown as string)).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
+			await expect(service.validateUser(null as unknown as string)).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
 		});
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/token.service.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/token.service.spec.ts
index 7ef4466..f44dceb 100644
--- a/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/token.service.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/auth/__tests__/services/token.service.spec.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ describe('TokenService', () => {
 			deleteMany: jest.fn(),
 			create: jest.fn(),
 			prisma: {
-				$transaction: jest.fn((callback: (tx: any) => unknown) => callback(refreshTokenRepository)),
+				$transaction: jest.fn((callback: (tx: unknown) => Promise<unknown>) =>
+					callback(refreshTokenRepository),
+				),
 			},
 		};
 
@@ -119,9 +121,11 @@ describe('TokenService', () => {
 	describe('generateTokenPair', () => {
 		it('액세스 토큰과 리프레시 토큰 쌍을 생성하고 저장한다', async () => {
 			jwtService.sign.mockReturnValueOnce(mockAccessToken).mockReturnValueOnce(mockRefreshToken);
-			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(async (cb: any) => {
-				await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
-			});
+			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(
+				async (cb: (tx: unknown) => Promise<unknown>) => {
+					await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
+				},
+			);
 			refreshTokenRepository.deleteMany.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 			refreshTokenRepository.create.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 
@@ -149,9 +153,11 @@ describe('TokenService', () => {
 			refreshTokenRepository.findFirst.mockResolvedValue({ id: '1' });
 			userService.getUserByEmail.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
 			jwtService.sign.mockReturnValueOnce('new-access-token').mockReturnValueOnce('new-refresh-token');
-			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(async (cb: any) => {
-				await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
-			});
+			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(
+				async (cb: (tx: unknown) => Promise<unknown>) => {
+					await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
+				},
+			);
 			refreshTokenRepository.deleteMany.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 			refreshTokenRepository.create.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 
@@ -206,16 +212,18 @@ describe('TokenService', () => {
 		});
 
 		it('refreshToken이 undefined/null이면 UnauthorizedException을 던진다', async () => {
-			await expect(service.refreshTokens(undefined as any)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
-			await expect(service.refreshTokens(null as any)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+			await expect(service.refreshTokens(undefined as unknown as string)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
+			await expect(service.refreshTokens(null as unknown as string)).rejects.toThrow(UnauthorizedException);
 		});
 	});
 
 	describe('saveRefreshToken', () => {
 		it('리프레시 토큰을 데이터베이스에 저장한다', async () => {
-			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(async (cb: any) => {
-				await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
-			});
+			refreshTokenRepository.prisma.$transaction.mockImplementation(
+				async (cb: (tx: unknown) => Promise<unknown>) => {
+					await cb(refreshTokenRepository);
+				},
+			);
 			refreshTokenRepository.deleteMany.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 			refreshTokenRepository.create.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
 
@@ -230,7 +238,7 @@ describe('TokenService', () => {
 				{
 					token: mockRefreshToken,
 					isValid: true,
-					expiresAt: expect.any(Date) as Date,
+					expiresAt: expect.any(Date),
 					user: { connect: { id: mockUser.id } },
 				},
 				refreshTokenRepository,
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/repositories/__tests__/refresh-token.repository.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/repositories/__tests__/refresh-token.repository.spec.ts
index 4e6d416..61ad304 100644
--- a/src/modules/auth/repositories/__tests__/refresh-token.repository.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/auth/repositories/__tests__/refresh-token.repository.spec.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 import { RefreshTokenRepository } from '../refresh-token.repository';
 import { PrismaService } from 'src/database/prisma.service';
-import { UserFactory } from '../../../../../test/factories/user.factory';
 
 describe('RefreshTokenRepository', () => {
 	let repo: RefreshTokenRepository;
 	let prisma: PrismaService;
 
-	let mockUser: any;
-
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		prisma = {
 			refreshToken: {
@@ -17,7 +14,6 @@ describe('RefreshTokenRepository', () => {
 			},
 		} as any;
 		repo = new RefreshTokenRepository(prisma);
-		mockUser = UserFactory.create();
 	});
 
 	it('should be defined', () => {
@@ -26,16 +22,19 @@ describe('RefreshTokenRepository', () => {
 
 	it('should call findFirst', async () => {
 		await repo.findFirst({ where: {} });
-		expect(prisma.refreshToken.findFirst).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.refreshToken.findFirst).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
 	it('should call deleteMany', async () => {
 		await repo.deleteMany({ where: {} });
-		expect(prisma.refreshToken.deleteMany).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.refreshToken.deleteMany).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
 	it('should call create', async () => {
 		await repo.create({ token: 't', expiresAt: new Date(), user: { connect: { id: '1' } } });
-		expect(prisma.refreshToken.create).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.refreshToken.create).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/services/token.service.ts b/src/modules/auth/services/token.service.ts
index 70c44bd..1e00ae8 100644
--- a/src/modules/auth/services/token.service.ts
+++ b/src/modules/auth/services/token.service.ts
@@ -104,9 +104,8 @@ export class TokenService {
 
 			await this.removeRefreshToken(refreshToken);
 			return await this.generateTokenPair(user);
-		} catch (error: unknown) {
-			// 디버깅을 위한 로그만 남기고, 클라이언트에는 일관된 메시지 반환
-			this.logger.debug('Token refresh failed', error);
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`Token refresh failed: ${(error as Error).message}`);
 			throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid refresh token');
 		}
 	}
@@ -124,16 +123,13 @@ export class TokenService {
 				tx,
 			);
 		});
-		this.logger.debug(`RefreshToken 저장: ${userId}`);
 	}
 
 	async removeRefreshToken(token: string): Promise<void> {
 		await this.refreshTokenRepository.deleteMany({ where: { token } });
-		this.logger.debug(`RefreshToken 삭제: ${token}`);
 	}
 
 	async logout(userId: string): Promise<void> {
 		await this.refreshTokenRepository.deleteMany({ where: { userId } });
-		this.logger.debug(`모든 RefreshToken 삭제(로그아웃): ${userId}`);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/auth/strategies/__tests__/google.strategy.spec.ts b/src/modules/auth/strategies/__tests__/google.strategy.spec.ts
index e0cb605..d51f180 100644
--- a/src/modules/auth/strategies/__tests__/google.strategy.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/auth/strategies/__tests__/google.strategy.spec.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,28 @@
 import { GoogleStrategy } from '../google.strategy';
 import { OAuthService } from '../../services/oauth.service';
+import { ConfigType } from '@nestjs/config';
+import authConfig from 'src/config/auth.config';
+import { GoogleProfile } from 'src/types';
 
 describe('GoogleStrategy', () => {
 	let strategy: GoogleStrategy;
-	let oauthService: OAuthService;
-	let config: any;
+	let oauthService: jest.Mocked<OAuthService>;
+	let config: ConfigType<typeof authConfig>;
 
 	beforeEach(() => {
-		oauthService = { handleGoogleLogin: jest.fn() } as any;
+		oauthService = {
+			handleGoogleLogin: jest.fn(),
+		} as unknown as jest.Mocked<OAuthService>;
+
 		config = {
 			GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID: 'id',
 			GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET: 'secret',
 			GOOGLE_CALLBACK_URL: 'url',
-		};
+			JWT_SECRET: 'secret',
+			JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRES_IN: '7d',
+			JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRES_IN: '15m',
+		} as unknown as ConfigType<typeof authConfig>;
+
 		strategy = new GoogleStrategy(config, oauthService);
 	});
 
@@ -22,6 +32,6 @@ describe('GoogleStrategy', () => {
 
 	it('should throw if user not found', async () => {
 		(oauthService.handleGoogleLogin as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(null);
-		await expect(strategy.validate('a', 'b', {} as any)).rejects.toThrow();
+		await expect(strategy.validate('a', 'b', {} as unknown as GoogleProfile)).rejects.toThrow();
 	});
 });
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/base/abstract-content-handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/base/abstract-content-handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f306fc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/base/abstract-content-handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+ * 추상 핸들러 베이스 클래스 (템플릿 메서드 패턴)
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 기반
+ */
+import { Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { IContentHandler } from '../interfaces/content-handler.interface';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+	ContentExtractionResult,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { fetchHtml, createDom, extractTitle, findContentElement, Result, Option } from '../utils/functional-utils';
+import { createContentCleaningPipeline } from '../utils/content-cleaning-pipeline';
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 핸들러의 공통 추상 클래스
+ * - 템플릿 메서드 패턴 기반
+ * - 공통 로직을 추상화하고, 구체 구현은 하위 클래스에 위임
+ */
+export abstract class AbstractContentHandler implements IContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(this.constructor.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러가 처리할 수 있는 URL인지 확인
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public abstract canHandle(url: URL): boolean;
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름 (로깅용)
+	 */
+	protected abstract get handlerName(): string;
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정
+	 */
+	protected abstract get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig;
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정
+	 */
+	protected abstract get domConfig(): DomConfig;
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+	 */
+	protected abstract get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig;
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정
+	 */
+	protected abstract get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig;
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 선택자들
+	 */
+	protected abstract get contentSelectors(): readonly string[];
+
+	/**
+	 * 템플릿 메서드: 핸들링 프로세스
+	 * @param url 처리할 URL
+	 * @returns 추출 결과 또는 null
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		try {
+			const processedUrl = this.preProcessUrl(url);
+			this.logger.debug(`${this.handlerName} 콘텐츠 추출 시작: ${processedUrl.href}`);
+
+			const result = await this.extractContent(processedUrl);
+
+			if (!result.success) {
+				this.logger.debug(`${this.handlerName} 콘텐츠 추출 실패: ${result.error.message}`);
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			const { title } = result.data;
+			let content = result.data.content;
+
+			if (!content) {
+				this.logger.debug(`${this.handlerName} 콘텐츠 없음: ${processedUrl.href}`);
+				// 콘텐츠가 없어도 제목이라도 있으면 반환해준다.
+				return title ? { url: processedUrl.href, title, contentType: 'text/html' } : null;
+			}
+
+			// 후처리 훅 호출
+			content = this.postProcess(content, processedUrl);
+
+			this.logger.log(`${this.handlerName} 콘텐츠 추출 성공: ${content.length} 글자`);
+			return {
+				url: processedUrl.href,
+				title,
+				content,
+				contentType: 'text/html',
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`${this.handlerName} 핸들러 처리 실패 ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 추출 전 URL을 가공하기 위한 훅 메서드.
+	 * 자식 클래스에서 필요에 따라 오버라이드하여 URL을 변경할 수 있습니다.
+	 * @param url 원본 URL
+	 * @returns 가공된 URL
+	 */
+	protected preProcessUrl(url: URL): URL {
+		return url;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 추출 후 후처리를 위한 훅 메서드.
+	 * 자식 클래스에서 필요에 따라 오버라이드할 수 있습니다.
+	 * @param content 추출된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 * @param url 가공된 URL
+	 * @returns 후처리된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 */
+	protected postProcess(content: string, _url: URL): string {
+		// 기본적으로는 아무 작업도 하지 않음
+		return content;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 추출 (함수형 프로그래밍)
+	 * @param url 처리할 URL
+	 * @returns 추출 결과 Result
+	 */
+	protected async extractContent(url: URL): Promise<Result<ContentExtractionResult, Error>> {
+		const htmlResult = await fetchHtml(url.href, this.httpConfig);
+		if (!htmlResult.success) {
+			return { success: false, error: htmlResult.error };
+		}
+		const domResult = createDom(htmlResult.data, this.domConfig);
+		if (!domResult.success) {
+			return { success: false, error: domResult.error };
+		}
+		return { success: true, data: await this.processDom(domResult.data, url.href) };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 처리 및 콘텐츠 정제
+	 * @param dom JSDOM 인스턴스
+	 * @param url 기준 URL
+	 * @returns 추출 결과
+	 */
+	private async processDom(dom: JSDOM, url: string): Promise<ContentExtractionResult> {
+		const document = dom.window.document;
+		// 동적 콘텐츠 대기 (waitForDynamicContent가 있으면 안전하게 호출)
+		const maybeWithWait = this as unknown as { waitForDynamicContent?: (doc: Document) => Promise<void> };
+		if (typeof maybeWithWait.waitForDynamicContent === 'function') {
+			await maybeWithWait.waitForDynamicContent(document);
+		}
+		// 제목 추출
+		const titleOption: Option<string> = extractTitle(
+			document,
+			this.titleConfig.selectors,
+			this.titleConfig.patterns,
+		);
+		const title: string | undefined = titleOption == null ? undefined : titleOption;
+		// 콘텐츠 요소 찾기 (minTextLength 80, logger 전달)
+		const contentElement = findContentElement(document, this.contentSelectors, 80, this.logger);
+		if (!contentElement) {
+			this.logger.debug(`${this.handlerName} 본문 요소를 찾지 못해 null 반환`);
+			return { title, contentType: 'text/html', url };
+		}
+		// 콘텐츠 정제
+		const cleaningPipeline = createContentCleaningPipeline(this.cleaningConfig);
+		const cleanedElement = cleaningPipeline(contentElement, {
+			baseUrl: url,
+			config: this.cleaningConfig,
+			logger: this.logger,
+		});
+		return {
+			title,
+			content: cleanedElement.outerHTML,
+			contentType: 'text/html',
+			url,
+		};
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/dto/pre-handle-result.dto.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/dto/pre-handle-result.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feb60a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/dto/pre-handle-result.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/**
+ * DTO for the result of a pre-handling process.
+ * It encapsulates the data extracted by a content handler.
+ */
+export class PreHandleResult {
+	/**
+	 * The final URL after potential redirects or modifications by a handler.
+	 */
+	url: string;
+
+	/**
+	 * The extracted title of the content, if available.
+	 * @optional
+	 */
+	title?: string;
+
+	/**
+	 * The extracted main content, typically in HTML format.
+	 * @optional
+	 */
+	content?: string;
+
+	/**
+	 * The MIME type of the content (e.g., 'text/html', 'application/pdf').
+	 * @optional
+	 */
+	contentType?: string;
+
+	/**
+	 * The name of the handler that successfully processed the URL.
+	 * @optional
+	 */
+	handlerUsed?: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/factories/handler-factory.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/factories/handler-factory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f818488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/factories/handler-factory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * 핸들러 팩토리
+ * - 도메인별 핸들러를 DI 받아 URL에 따라 적절한 핸들러를 반환
+ * - getAllHandlers()로 전체 핸들러 배열 반환
+ */
+import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { IContentHandler, CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN } from '../interfaces/content-handler.interface';
+
+/**
+ * 핸들러 팩토리 클래스
+ *
+ * @description
+ * NestJS의 Custom Provider와 Injection Token을 사용하여 모든 핸들러를 동적으로 주입받습니다.
+ * 이를 통해 새로운 핸들러가 추가되어도 팩토리 코드를 수정할 필요가 없으므로
+ * OCP(개방-폐쇄 원칙)를 준수합니다. 핸들러의 실행 순서는 pre-handler.module.ts에서 관리됩니다.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class HandlerFactory {
+	constructor(
+		@Inject(CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN)
+		private readonly handlerChain: IContentHandler[],
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * URL에 적합한 핸들러 반환 (우선순위 순회)
+	 * @param url URL 객체
+	 * @returns IContentHandler
+	 */
+	public createHandler(url: URL): IContentHandler {
+		for (const handler of this.handlerChain) {
+			if (handler.canHandle(url)) {
+				return handler;
+			}
+		}
+		// 이론상 도달 불가 (readability가 항상 true)
+		throw new Error('No suitable handler found for this URL');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 전체 핸들러 배열 반환
+	 */
+	public getAllHandlers(): IContentHandler[] {
+		return this.handlerChain;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/disquiet.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/disquiet.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d552d98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/disquiet.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	DomConfig,
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	ContentExtractionResult,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { fetchHtml, createDom, extractTitle } from '../utils/functional-utils';
+import { createContentCleaningPipeline } from '../utils/content-cleaning-pipeline';
+import { Result } from '../utils/functional-utils';
+
+/**
+ * Disquiet.io 사이트 전용 핸들러
+ *
+ * Disquiet.io는 로그인 유도 팝업이 나타나는 문제가 있어서,
+ * 특별한 처리가 필요합니다.
+ *
+ * 주요 특징:
+ * - 로그인 팝업 제거
+ * - 동적 콘텐츠 로딩 대기
+ * - 특정 CSS 선택자로 콘텐츠 추출
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class DisquietHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(DisquietHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러가 처리할 수 있는 URL인지 확인
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 * @returns true if can handle
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		const result = url.hostname.endsWith('disquiet.io');
+		this.logger.debug(`DisquietHandler canHandle: ${url.hostname} -> ${result}`);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'DisquietHandler';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+			timeout: 30000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
+				DNT: '1',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (스크립트 활성화로 동적 콘텐츠 처리)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'dangerously', // 동적 콘텐츠를 위해 스크립트 실행
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: false,
+			cleanupLinks: false,
+			cleanupImages: false,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: false,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [
+				'h1',
+				'.post-title',
+				'.article-title',
+				'[data-testid="post-title"]',
+				'header h1',
+				'header .title',
+				'meta[property="og:title"]',
+				'.title.detail-page',
+				'.title-wrapper .title',
+				// Disquiet.io 전용 선택자
+				'[data-testid="makerlog-title"]',
+				'.makerlog-title',
+				'.post-header h1',
+				'.post-header .title',
+			],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 선택자 (Disquiet.io 전용으로 최적화)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [
+			// Disquiet.io 전용 선택자 (우선순위 높음)
+			'[data-testid="makerlog-content"]',
+			'[data-testid="post-content"]',
+			'.makerlog-content',
+			'.maker-log-detail',
+
+			// 이하 기존 선택자
+			'.post-content',
+			'.article-content',
+			'.content-wrapper',
+			'.content-area',
+			'.post-body',
+			'.article-body',
+			'.makerlog-body',
+			'.post-detail',
+			'.article-detail',
+			'.detail-content',
+			'.main-content',
+			'.content',
+			'article',
+			'main',
+			'.container',
+			'#content',
+			'.body',
+			'.markdown-body',
+			'.reader-content',
+			'.entry-content',
+			'.blog-post',
+			'.post',
+			'.detail',
+			'.detail-page',
+			// Disquiet.io 특정 클래스
+			'.sc-keuYuY',
+			'.sc-keuYuY.detail-page',
+			'.title.detail-page',
+			// 추가 Disquiet.io 선택자
+			'[class*="makerlog"]',
+			'[class*="post-"]',
+			'[class*="article-"]',
+			'[class*="content"]',
+			'[class*="body"]',
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 로그인 팝업 등 불필요한 요소 제거 (후처리)
+	 * @param dom JSDOM 인스턴스
+	 */
+	protected postProcessDom(dom: Document): void {
+		// Disquiet.io 전용 제거 요소 (더 구체적으로)
+		const removeSelectors = [
+			// 로그인/인증 관련
+			'[data-testid="login-modal"]',
+			'[data-testid="auth-modal"]',
+			'.login-modal',
+			'.auth-modal',
+			'.modal',
+			'.popup',
+			'.Dialog',
+			'.modal-backdrop',
+			'.overlay',
+			'.Dialog-overlay',
+			'.backdrop',
+			// 네비게이션/헤더/푸터
+			'.header',
+			'.footer',
+			'.nav',
+			'.navigation',
+			'.menu',
+			'.sidebar',
+			// 광고/프로모션
+			'.ad',
+			'.advertisement',
+			'.promo',
+			'.sponsor',
+			'.banner',
+			// 소셜/공유
+			'.share',
+			'.social',
+			'.comment',
+			'.comments',
+			// 기타 UI 요소
+			'.button',
+			'.actions',
+			'.toolbar',
+			'.widget',
+			'.tool',
+			'.search',
+			'.breadcrumb',
+			'.pagination',
+			'.page-nav',
+			// 메타 정보 (제목은 유지)
+			'.meta',
+			'.info',
+			'.date',
+			'.time',
+			'.author',
+			'.tag',
+			'.category',
+			'.label',
+			'.count',
+			'.view',
+			'.like',
+			'.dislike',
+			'.vote',
+			'.star',
+			'.rating',
+			// 미디어 (텍스트 콘텐츠에 집중)
+			'.icon',
+			'.svg',
+			'.img',
+			'.figure',
+			'.caption',
+			'.gallery',
+			'.media',
+			'.video',
+			'.audio',
+			// 관련 콘텐츠
+			'.related',
+			'.related-posts',
+			'.related-articles',
+			'.recommend',
+			'.suggest',
+			'.popular',
+			'.trending',
+			'.recent',
+			// 기술적 요소
+			'script',
+			'style',
+			'noscript',
+			'iframe',
+			// 기타 불필요 요소
+			'.subscribe',
+			'.newsletter',
+			'.cookie',
+			'.consent',
+			'.file',
+			'.download',
+			'.attachment',
+			'.external',
+			'.internal',
+			'.link',
+		];
+
+		// 요소 제거 (콘텐츠 보존)
+		removeSelectors.forEach((selector) => {
+			dom.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((el) => {
+				// 콘텐츠가 포함된 요소는 제거하지 않음
+				const textContent = el.textContent?.trim();
+				if (textContent && textContent.length > 50) {
+					this.logger.debug(`콘텐츠 보존: ${selector} (${textContent.length}글자)`);
+					return;
+				}
+				el.remove();
+			});
+		});
+
+		this.logger.log('Disquiet.io 전용 요소 제거 완료 (콘텐츠 보존)');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 동적 콘텐츠 로딩을 위한 대기 시간 추가
+	 * @param dom JSDOM 인스턴스
+	 */
+	protected async waitForDynamicContent(dom: Document): Promise<void> {
+		// Disquiet.io는 동적 콘텐츠 로딩이 필요할 수 있음
+		await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000));
+		// 콘텐츠가 로드되었는지 확인
+		const contentSelectors = this.contentSelectors;
+		for (const selector of contentSelectors) {
+			const elements = dom.querySelectorAll(selector);
+			for (const element of elements) {
+				const textContent = element.textContent?.trim();
+				if (textContent && textContent.length > 100) {
+					this.logger.debug(`동적 콘텐츠 확인: ${selector} (${textContent.length}글자)`);
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 여러 div(본문 파편)를 모두 합쳐서 반환하는 extractContent 오버라이드
+	 */
+	protected override async extractContent(url: URL): Promise<Result<ContentExtractionResult, Error>> {
+		try {
+			const htmlResult = await fetchHtml(url.href, this.httpConfig);
+			if (!htmlResult.success) {
+				return { success: false, error: htmlResult.error };
+			}
+			const domResult = createDom(htmlResult.data, this.domConfig);
+			if (!domResult.success) {
+				return { success: false, error: domResult.error };
+			}
+			const dom: JSDOM = domResult.data;
+			const document = dom.window.document;
+
+			// waitForDynamicContent가 존재하는지 타입 가드로 안전하게 호출
+			if (
+				typeof (this as unknown as { waitForDynamicContent?: (doc: Document) => Promise<void> })
+					.waitForDynamicContent === 'function'
+			) {
+				await (
+					this as unknown as { waitForDynamicContent: (doc: Document) => Promise<void> }
+				).waitForDynamicContent(document);
+			}
+			// 제목 추출
+			const titleOption = extractTitle(document, this.titleConfig.selectors, this.titleConfig.patterns);
+			const title: string | undefined = titleOption == null ? undefined : titleOption;
+			// 여러 div를 모두 합쳐서 본문으로 사용
+			const elements = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(this.contentSelectors.join(',')));
+			const content = elements.map((el) => el.innerHTML).join('\n');
+			if (!content || content.trim().length < 10) {
+				this.logger.debug(`${this.handlerName} 본문 요소를 찾지 못해 body로 fallback`);
+				return { success: true, data: { title, contentType: 'text/html', url: url.href } };
+			}
+			// 콘텐츠 정제
+			const cleaningPipeline = createContentCleaningPipeline(this.cleaningConfig);
+			const fakeElement = document.createElement('div');
+			fakeElement.innerHTML = content;
+			const cleanedElement = cleaningPipeline(fakeElement, {
+				baseUrl: url.href,
+				config: this.cleaningConfig,
+				logger: this.logger,
+			});
+			const result: ContentExtractionResult = {
+				title,
+				content: cleanedElement.outerHTML,
+				contentType: 'text/html',
+				url: url.href,
+			};
+			return { success: true, data: result };
+		} catch (error) {
+			return { success: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)) };
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/domain-specific.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/domain-specific.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15bbdab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/domain-specific.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { IContentHandler } from '../interfaces/content-handler.interface';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * A map of domain names to their URL transformation functions.
+ * This allows for easy extension to support new domains.
+ * Note: Social media domains are handled by SocialMediaHandler,
+ * and news sites are handled by NewsSiteHandler.
+ */
+const DOMAIN_TRANSFORMATIONS: Record<string, (url: URL) => URL> = {
+	// Publishing platforms
+	'substack.com': (url) => {
+		// Substack provides a clean AMP version by setting the search query.
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.search = '?format=amp';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'medium.com': (url) => {
+		// Clean up Medium URLs by removing tracking parameters
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('source');
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('gi');
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('sk');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+
+	// Developer platforms (non-social aspects)
+	'github.com': (url) => {
+		// GitHub: For markdown files, get the raw content
+		if (url.pathname.includes('/blob/') && url.pathname.endsWith('.md')) {
+			return new URL(url.href.replace('/blob/', '/raw/'));
+		}
+		return url;
+	},
+	'gitlab.com': (url) => {
+		// GitLab: For markdown files, get the raw content
+		if (url.pathname.includes('/blob/') && url.pathname.endsWith('.md')) {
+			return new URL(url.href.replace('/blob/', '/raw/'));
+		}
+		return url;
+	},
+
+	// Knowledge platforms
+	'wikipedia.org': (url) => {
+		// Wikipedia: Use mobile version for cleaner layout
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = newUrl.hostname.replace('en.wikipedia.org', 'm.wikipedia.org');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+
+	// Korean platforms
+	'blog.naver.com': (url) => {
+		// Naver Blog: Use mobile version for better content extraction
+		// Convert https://blog.naver.com/username/postid to https://m.blog.naver.com/username/postid
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.blog.naver.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'cafe.naver.com': (url) => {
+		// Naver Cafe: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.cafe.naver.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'post.naver.com': (url) => {
+		// Naver Post: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.post.naver.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'stackoverflow.com': (url) => {
+		// Stack Overflow: Keep original, it's usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+
+	// Other platforms
+	'notion.so': (url) => {
+		// Notion: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'hackernews.com': (url) => {
+		// Hacker News: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'news.ycombinator.com': (url) => {
+		// Y Combinator Hacker News: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'patreon.com': (url) => {
+		// Patreon: Keep original for posts
+		return url;
+	},
+	'ko-fi.com': (url) => {
+		// Ko-fi: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'buymeacoffee.com': (url) => {
+		// Buy Me a Coffee: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'gumroad.com': (url) => {
+		// Gumroad: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'itch.io': (url) => {
+		// Itch.io: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'deviantart.com': (url) => {
+		// DeviantArt: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'artstation.com': (url) => {
+		// ArtStation: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'behance.net': (url) => {
+		// Behance: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'dribbble.com': (url) => {
+		// Dribbble: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'figma.com': (url) => {
+		// Figma: Keep original for public files
+		return url;
+	},
+	'canva.com': (url) => {
+		// Canva: Keep original for public designs
+		return url;
+	},
+	'unsplash.com': (url) => {
+		// Unsplash: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'pexels.com': (url) => {
+		// Pexels: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'pixabay.com': (url) => {
+		// Pixabay: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'shutterstock.com': (url) => {
+		// Shutterstock: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'gettyimages.com': (url) => {
+		// Getty Images: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'imgur.com': (url) => {
+		// Imgur: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'flickr.com': (url) => {
+		// Flickr: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'photobucket.com': (url) => {
+		// Photobucket: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'dropbox.com': (url) => {
+		// Dropbox: For shared files, keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'drive.google.com': (url) => {
+		// Google Drive: For shared files, keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'onedrive.live.com': (url) => {
+		// OneDrive: For shared files, keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'box.com': (url) => {
+		// Box: For shared files, keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'wetransfer.com': (url) => {
+		// WeTransfer: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'sendspace.com': (url) => {
+		// SendSpace: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'mediafire.com': (url) => {
+		// MediaFire: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'mega.nz': (url) => {
+		// Mega: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'archive.org': (url) => {
+		// Internet Archive: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'web.archive.org': (url) => {
+		// Wayback Machine: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'scholar.google.com': (url) => {
+		// Google Scholar: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'researchgate.net': (url) => {
+		// ResearchGate: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'academia.edu': (url) => {
+		// Academia.edu: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'jstor.org': (url) => {
+		// JSTOR: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov': (url) => {
+		// PubMed: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'arxiv.org': (url) => {
+		// arXiv: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'biorxiv.org': (url) => {
+		// bioRxiv: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'medrxiv.org': (url) => {
+		// medRxiv: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'ssrn.com': (url) => {
+		// SSRN: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'doi.org': (url) => {
+		// DOI: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'orcid.org': (url) => {
+		// ORCID: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'goodreads.com': (url) => {
+		// Goodreads: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'bookdepository.com': (url) => {
+		// Book Depository: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.com': (url) => {
+		// Amazon: For book/product pages, keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.co.uk': (url) => {
+		// Amazon UK: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.de': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Germany: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.fr': (url) => {
+		// Amazon France: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.es': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Spain: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.it': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Italy: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.ca': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Canada: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.com.au': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Australia: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'amazon.co.jp': (url) => {
+		// Amazon Japan: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'ebay.com': (url) => {
+		// eBay: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'etsy.com': (url) => {
+		// Etsy: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'aliexpress.com': (url) => {
+		// AliExpress: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'alibaba.com': (url) => {
+		// Alibaba: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'shopify.com': (url) => {
+		// Shopify stores: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'squarespace.com': (url) => {
+		// Squarespace sites: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'wix.com': (url) => {
+		// Wix sites: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'wordpress.com': (url) => {
+		// WordPress.com sites: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'blogger.com': (url) => {
+		// Blogger: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'blogspot.com': (url) => {
+		// Blogspot: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'tumblr.com': (url) => {
+		// Tumblr: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'ghost.org': (url) => {
+		// Ghost blogs: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+};
+
+/**
+ * A content handler that transforms URLs for specific domains to improve content extraction.
+ * This handler focuses on general domain transformations, excluding social media and news sites
+ * which are handled by specialized handlers.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class DomainSpecificHandler implements IContentHandler {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(DomainSpecificHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines if the handler can process the content from the given URL.
+	 * @param url - The URL to be checked.
+	 * @returns `true` if the handler can process the URL, `false` otherwise.
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return Object.keys(DOMAIN_TRANSFORMATIONS).some((domain) => url.hostname.endsWith(domain));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes the content from the URL by transforming it to a more accessible version.
+	 * @param url - The URL of the content to handle.
+	 * @returns A `PreHandleResult` with the new URL, or `null` on failure.
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		const domain = Object.keys(DOMAIN_TRANSFORMATIONS).find((d) => url.hostname.endsWith(d));
+
+		if (!domain) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const transform = DOMAIN_TRANSFORMATIONS[domain];
+			const newUrl = transform(url);
+
+			// Extract title and content from the original URL for specific domains
+			let title: string | undefined;
+			let content: string | undefined;
+			const contentType = 'text/html'; // Default content type
+
+			if (domain === 'substack.com') {
+				title = this.extractSubstackTitle(url);
+			} else if (domain === 'github.com') {
+				title = this.extractGitHubTitle(url);
+			} else if (domain === 'stackoverflow.com') {
+				title = this.extractStackOverflowTitle(url);
+			} else if (domain === 'wikipedia.org') {
+				title = this.extractWikipediaTitle(url);
+			}
+
+			return {
+				url: newUrl.href,
+				title,
+				content,
+				contentType,
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`DomainSpecificHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts title from Substack URL.
+	 * @param url - The Substack URL.
+	 * @returns The extracted title or undefined.
+	 */
+	private extractSubstackTitle(url: URL): string | undefined {
+		const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+
+		if (pathParts.length > 0 && pathParts[0] === 'p') {
+			// Substack post URL: /p/article-title
+			const articleSlug = pathParts[1];
+			if (articleSlug) {
+				return articleSlug
+					.split('-')
+					.map((word) => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1))
+					.join(' ');
+			}
+		}
+
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts title from GitHub URL.
+	 * @param url - The GitHub URL.
+	 * @returns The extracted title or undefined.
+	 */
+	private extractGitHubTitle(url: URL): string | undefined {
+		const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+
+		if (pathParts.length >= 2) {
+			const owner = pathParts[0];
+			const repo = pathParts[1];
+
+			if (pathParts.length >= 4 && pathParts[2] === 'blob') {
+				// File URL: /owner/repo/blob/branch/path/to/file.md
+				const fileName = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1];
+				return `${owner}/${repo}: ${fileName}`;
+			} else {
+				// Repository URL: /owner/repo
+				return `${owner}/${repo}`;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts title from Stack Overflow URL.
+	 * @param url - The Stack Overflow URL.
+	 * @returns The extracted title or undefined.
+	 */
+	private extractStackOverflowTitle(url: URL): string | undefined {
+		const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+
+		if (pathParts.length >= 3 && pathParts[0] === 'questions') {
+			// Stack Overflow question URL: /questions/123456/question-title
+			const titleSlug = pathParts[2];
+			if (titleSlug) {
+				return titleSlug
+					.split('-')
+					.map((word) => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1))
+					.join(' ');
+			}
+		}
+
+		return undefined;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts title from Wikipedia URL.
+	 * @param url - The Wikipedia URL.
+	 * @returns The extracted title or undefined.
+	 */
+	private extractWikipediaTitle(url: URL): string | undefined {
+		const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+
+		if (pathParts.length >= 2 && pathParts[0] === 'wiki') {
+			// Wikipedia article URL: /wiki/Article_Title
+			const articleTitle = pathParts[1];
+			if (articleTitle) {
+				return decodeURIComponent(articleTitle.replace(/_/g, ' '));
+			}
+		}
+
+		return undefined;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/maily.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/maily.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab1d3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/maily.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/**
+ * 메일리(Maily) 뉴스레터 플랫폼을 위한 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+
+/**
+ * 메일리 뉴스레터 핸들러
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MailyHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	/**
+	 * 메일리 도메인 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return url.hostname.endsWith('maily.so');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return '메일리 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+			timeout: 20000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
+				'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+				'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+				Origin: 'https://maily.so',
+				Referer: 'https://maily.so/',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: true,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [
+				'meta[property="og:title"]',
+				'meta[name="twitter:title"]',
+				'title',
+				'h1',
+				'.newsletter-title',
+				'.post-title',
+				'.article-title',
+				'[class*="title"]',
+				'[class*="headline"]',
+				'[data-testid="post-title"]',
+				'[data-testid="article-title"]',
+				'[class*="maily-title"]',
+				'[class*="letter-title"]',
+				'article h1',
+				'main h1',
+			],
+			patterns: [
+				/\s*-\s*메일리$/,
+				/\s*\|\s*Maily$/,
+				/\s*::.*$/,
+				/\s*·\s*메일리$/,
+				/\s*뉴스레터를 쉽게, 메일리로 시작하세요$/,
+			],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {
+				'maily.so': [/\s*-\s*메일리$/, /\s*\|\s*Maily$/, /\s*뉴스레터를 쉽게, 메일리로 시작하세요$/],
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [
+			'article',
+			'[class*="content"]',
+			'[class*="newsletter"]',
+			'[class*="post"]',
+			'[class*="body"]',
+			'[class*="letter"]',
+			'[data-testid="post-content"]',
+			'[data-testid="article-content"]',
+			'main',
+			'.container',
+			'#content',
+			'[class*="maily-content"]',
+			'[class*="letter-content"]',
+			'[class*="newsletter-content"]',
+			'.post-content',
+			'.article-content',
+		];
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/medium.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/medium.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..490b5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/medium.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { postProcessDom } from '../utils/content-cleaning-pipeline';
+
+/**
+ * Medium 전용 핸들러
+ * - SOLID 원칙 기반, AbstractContentHandler 상속
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class MediumHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return url.hostname.endsWith('medium.com');
+	}
+
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'Medium 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+			timeout: 15000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: ['meta[property="og:title"]', 'meta[name="title"]', 'title', 'h1'],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return ['article', '.section-content', '.postArticle-content', '.meteredContent', '.main-content'];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Medium 콘텐츠에 특화된 후처리 로직을 적용합니다.
+	 * @param content 추출된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 * @returns 후처리된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 */
+	protected override postProcess(content: string): string {
+		if (!content) {
+			return content;
+		}
+
+		const dom = new JSDOM(content);
+		const document = dom.window.document;
+		postProcessDom(document);
+
+		return document.body?.outerHTML ?? content;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/naver-blog.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/naver-blog.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d0ee97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/naver-blog.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { postProcessDom } from '../utils/content-cleaning-pipeline';
+
+/**
+ * 네이버 블로그 전용 핸들러
+ * - SOLID 원칙 기반, AbstractContentHandler 상속
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class NaverBlogHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return url.hostname.endsWith('blog.naver.com');
+	}
+
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return '네이버블로그 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 14_7_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1',
+			timeout: 15000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				Referer: 'https://blog.naver.com/',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [
+				'meta[property="og:title"]',
+				'meta[name="title"]',
+				'title',
+				'.se-title-text',
+				'.pcol1 .title',
+				'.blog-title',
+			],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [
+			'#postViewArea',
+			'.se-main-container',
+			'.post-view',
+			'.se_component_wrap',
+			'.se_textView',
+			'.blog2_container',
+			'.se_content',
+			'.view',
+			'.post',
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 네이버 블로그 콘텐츠에 특화된 후처리 로직을 적용합니다.
+	 * @param content 추출된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 * @returns 후처리된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 */
+	protected override postProcess(content: string): string {
+		if (!content) {
+			return content;
+		}
+		const dom = new JSDOM(content);
+		const document = dom.window.document;
+		postProcessDom(document, { baseUrl: 'https://blog.naver.com' });
+		return document.body?.outerHTML ?? content;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/news-site.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/news-site.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd5b067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/news-site.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+/**
+ * 뉴스 사이트용 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+
+/**
+ * News site transformations.
+ * Each news site has specific URL patterns and optimal access methods.
+ */
+const NEWS_SITE_TRANSFORMATIONS: Record<string, (url: URL) => URL> = {
+	'nytimes.com': (url) => {
+		// New York Times: Use print version to bypass paywall
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'wsj.com': (url) => {
+		// Wall Street Journal: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'washingtonpost.com': (url) => {
+		// Washington Post: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'ft.com': (url) => {
+		// Financial Times: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'bloomberg.com': (url) => {
+		// Bloomberg: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'economist.com': (url) => {
+		// The Economist: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'cnn.com': (url) => {
+		// CNN: Use mobile version for cleaner layout
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'lite.cnn.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'bbc.com': (url) => {
+		// BBC: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.bbc.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'bbc.co.uk': (url) => {
+		// BBC UK: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.bbc.co.uk';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'reuters.com': (url) => {
+		// Reuters: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'apnews.com': (url) => {
+		// Associated Press: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'theguardian.com': (url) => {
+		// The Guardian: Keep original, no paywall
+		return url;
+	},
+	'npr.org': (url) => {
+		// NPR: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'politico.com': (url) => {
+		// Politico: Use print version for better readability
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'axios.com': (url) => {
+		// Axios: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'vox.com': (url) => {
+		// Vox: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'buzzfeed.com': (url) => {
+		// BuzzFeed: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'huffpost.com': (url) => {
+		// HuffPost: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'usatoday.com': (url) => {
+		// USA Today: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'latimes.com': (url) => {
+		// LA Times: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'chicagotribune.com': (url) => {
+		// Chicago Tribune: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'time.com': (url) => {
+		// Time Magazine: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'newsweek.com': (url) => {
+		// Newsweek: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'theatlantic.com': (url) => {
+		// The Atlantic: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'newyorker.com': (url) => {
+		// The New Yorker: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'forbes.com': (url) => {
+		// Forbes: Keep original but remove tracking
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('sh');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'techcrunch.com': (url) => {
+		// TechCrunch: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'engadget.com': (url) => {
+		// Engadget: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'theverge.com': (url) => {
+		// The Verge: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'wired.com': (url) => {
+		// Wired: Use print version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('print', '1');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'arstechnica.com': (url) => {
+		// Ars Technica: Keep original, usually accessible
+		return url;
+	},
+	'espn.com': (url) => {
+		// ESPN: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.espn.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'cbssports.com': (url) => {
+		// CBS Sports: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.cbssports.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'nfl.com': (url) => {
+		// NFL: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.nfl.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'nba.com': (url) => {
+		// NBA: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.nba.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+};
+
+/**
+ * 뉴스 사이트 핸들러
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class NewsSiteHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(NewsSiteHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * 뉴스 사이트 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return Object.keys(NEWS_SITE_TRANSFORMATIONS).some((domain) => url.hostname.endsWith(domain));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return '뉴스사이트 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정 (뉴스사이트는 표준 설정)
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			timeout: 10000,
+			headers: {},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (표준)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정 (뉴스사이트용)
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: true,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정 (뉴스사이트용)
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: ['meta[property="og:title"]', 'title', 'h1'],
+			patterns: [/[-_][^\s]+/g],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터 (뉴스사이트용)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return ['article', 'main', '.article-body', '.content', '#article-body'];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 뉴스사이트는 URL 변환 후 표준 추출 프로세스 사용
+	 * @param url 원본 URL
+	 * @returns 가공된 URL
+	 */
+	protected override preProcessUrl(url: URL): URL {
+		const domain = Object.keys(NEWS_SITE_TRANSFORMATIONS).find((d) => url.hostname.endsWith(d));
+		if (domain) {
+			return NEWS_SITE_TRANSFORMATIONS[domain](url);
+		}
+		return url;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a human-readable site name from domain.
+	 * @param domain - The domain name.
+	 * @returns The site name.
+	 */
+	private getSiteName(domain: string): string {
+		const siteNames: Record<string, string> = {
+			'nytimes.com': 'New York Times',
+			'wsj.com': 'Wall Street Journal',
+			'washingtonpost.com': 'Washington Post',
+			'ft.com': 'Financial Times',
+			'bloomberg.com': 'Bloomberg',
+			'economist.com': 'The Economist',
+			'cnn.com': 'CNN',
+			'bbc.com': 'BBC',
+			'bbc.co.uk': 'BBC',
+			'reuters.com': 'Reuters',
+			'apnews.com': 'Associated Press',
+			'theguardian.com': 'The Guardian',
+			'npr.org': 'NPR',
+			'politico.com': 'Politico',
+			'axios.com': 'Axios',
+			'vox.com': 'Vox',
+			'buzzfeed.com': 'BuzzFeed',
+			'huffpost.com': 'HuffPost',
+			'usatoday.com': 'USA Today',
+			'latimes.com': 'LA Times',
+			'chicagotribune.com': 'Chicago Tribune',
+			'time.com': 'Time',
+			'newsweek.com': 'Newsweek',
+			'theatlantic.com': 'The Atlantic',
+			'newyorker.com': 'The New Yorker',
+			'forbes.com': 'Forbes',
+			'techcrunch.com': 'TechCrunch',
+			'engadget.com': 'Engadget',
+			'theverge.com': 'The Verge',
+			'wired.com': 'Wired',
+			'arstechnica.com': 'Ars Technica',
+			'espn.com': 'ESPN',
+			'cbssports.com': 'CBS Sports',
+			'nfl.com': 'NFL',
+			'nba.com': 'NBA',
+		};
+
+		return siteNames[domain] || domain;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/pdf.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/pdf.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0336a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/pdf.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * PDF 파일을 위한 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+import { extractTitleFromPath } from '../utils/functional-utils';
+
+/**
+ * PDF 파일 핸들러
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class PdfHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(PdfHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * PDF 파일 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		if (url.pathname.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf')) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		const pdfPatterns = [/\/pdf\//i, /\.pdf$/i, /\/download.*\.pdf/i, /\/files.*\.pdf/i, /\/documents.*\.pdf/i];
+		return pdfPatterns.some((pattern) => pattern.test(url.pathname));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'PDF 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정 (PDF는 별도 요청 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			timeout: 0,
+			headers: {},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (PDF는 사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: false,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정 (PDF는 정제 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: false,
+			cleanupStyles: false,
+			cleanupLinks: false,
+			cleanupImages: false,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정 (파일명 기반)
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [],
+			patterns: [/\.pdf$/i, /[-_]/g],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터 (사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * PDF는 별도 본문 추출 없이 타입 마킹만 수행
+	 * @param url 처리할 URL
+	 * @returns PreHandleResult 또는 null
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		try {
+			let title: string | undefined;
+			const filename = url.pathname.split('/').pop();
+			if (filename && filename.includes('.pdf')) {
+				title = extractTitleFromPath(filename, { removeExtension: true });
+			}
+			return {
+				url: url.href,
+				title,
+				contentType: 'application/pdf',
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`PdfHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/readability.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/readability.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9acf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/readability.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { Readability } from '@mozilla/readability';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * Readability 기반 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ReadabilityHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(ReadabilityHandler.name);
+	private readonly USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)';
+
+	/**
+	 * Readability는 모든 http/https URL을 처리할 수 있음
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return ['http:', 'https:'].includes(url.protocol);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'Readability 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정 (표준)
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.USER_AGENT,
+			timeout: 10000,
+			headers: {},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (스크립트 활성화)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'dangerously',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정 (Readability는 자체 정제)
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: false,
+			cleanupStyles: false,
+			cleanupLinks: false,
+			cleanupImages: false,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정 (Readability 결과 기반)
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터 (Readability는 사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches the webpage, parses it with JSDOM, and extracts the article content.
+	 * @param url - The URL to handle.
+	 * @returns A `PreHandleResult` with the extracted article, or `null` on failure.
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		try {
+			// 1차 시도: 스크립트 활성화 DOM
+			let dom = await this.createDOMWithScripts(url.href);
+			let article = this.extractContentFromDOM(dom);
+			// 실패 시: 스크립트 비활성화 DOM 재시도
+			if (!article?.content) {
+				this.logger.debug(`First attempt failed, trying without scripts for ${url.href}`);
+				dom = await this.createDOMWithoutScripts(url.href);
+				article = this.extractContentFromDOM(dom);
+			}
+			if (!article?.content) {
+				this.logger.debug(`No readable content found for ${url.href}`);
+				return null;
+			}
+			this.logger.log(`Successfully extracted readable content: ${article.content.length} chars`);
+			return {
+				url: url.href,
+				title: article.title ?? undefined,
+				content: article.content ?? undefined,
+				contentType: 'text/html',
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`ReadabilityHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 스크립트 활성화 JSDOM 생성
+	 */
+	private async createDOMWithScripts(url: string): Promise<JSDOM> {
+		const dom = await JSDOM.fromURL(url, {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'dangerously',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		});
+		this.removeAllScripts(dom.window.document);
+		return dom;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 스크립트 비활성화 JSDOM 생성
+	 */
+	private async createDOMWithoutScripts(url: string): Promise<JSDOM> {
+		const dom = await JSDOM.fromURL(url, {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		});
+		this.removeAllScripts(dom.window.document);
+		return dom;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM에서 모든 <script> 태그를 제거합니다.
+	 * @param document - JSDOM의 document 객체
+	 */
+	private removeAllScripts(document: Document): void {
+		document.querySelectorAll('script').forEach((el) => el.remove());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Readability로 콘텐츠 추출
+	 */
+	private extractContentFromDOM(dom: JSDOM): { title?: string; content?: string } | null {
+		try {
+			const reader = new Readability(dom.window.document);
+			const article = reader.parse();
+			if (!article) return null;
+			return { title: article.title ?? undefined, content: article.content ?? undefined };
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.debug(`Content extraction failed: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 브라우저 API polyfill 추가
+	 * @param window - JSDOM window 객체
+	 */
+	private addBrowserPolyfills(window: Window): void {
+		// document.elementFromPoint polyfill
+		if (typeof window.document.elementFromPoint !== 'function') {
+			window.document.elementFromPoint = function (): Element | null {
+				return window.document.body || window.document.documentElement;
+			};
+		}
+
+		// MessageChannel polyfill
+		if (typeof (window as unknown as { MessageChannel?: unknown }).MessageChannel === 'undefined') {
+			class MessageChannelPolyfill {
+				public readonly port1: unknown = {
+					postMessage: () => {},
+					onmessage: null,
+					close: () => {},
+				};
+				public readonly port2: unknown = {
+					postMessage: () => {},
+					onmessage: null,
+					close: () => {},
+				};
+			}
+			(window as unknown as { MessageChannel: typeof MessageChannelPolyfill }).MessageChannel =
+				MessageChannelPolyfill;
+		}
+
+		// requestIdleCallback polyfill
+		if (typeof (window as unknown as { requestIdleCallback?: unknown }).requestIdleCallback === 'undefined') {
+			(window as unknown as { requestIdleCallback: typeof window.setTimeout }).requestIdleCallback = function (
+				callback: (deadline: { didTimeout: boolean; timeRemaining: () => number }) => void,
+			): number {
+				return window.setTimeout(() => {
+					callback({
+						didTimeout: false,
+						timeRemaining: () => 50,
+					});
+				}, 1);
+			};
+		}
+
+		// cancelIdleCallback polyfill
+		if (typeof (window as unknown as { cancelIdleCallback?: unknown }).cancelIdleCallback === 'undefined') {
+			(window as unknown as { cancelIdleCallback: (id: number) => void }).cancelIdleCallback = function (
+				id: number,
+			): void {
+				window.clearTimeout(id);
+			};
+		}
+
+		// IntersectionObserver polyfill (최소 구현)
+		if (typeof (window as unknown as { IntersectionObserver?: unknown }).IntersectionObserver === 'undefined') {
+			class IntersectionObserverPolyfill {
+				constructor() {}
+				observe(): void {}
+				unobserve(): void {}
+				disconnect(): void {}
+			}
+			(window as unknown as { IntersectionObserver: typeof IntersectionObserverPolyfill }).IntersectionObserver =
+				IntersectionObserverPolyfill;
+		}
+
+		// Performance API polyfill
+		if (typeof window.performance === 'undefined') {
+			(window as unknown as { performance: Performance }).performance = {
+				now: () => Date.now(),
+				timeOrigin: Date.now(),
+			} as Performance;
+		}
+
+		// crypto polyfill (기본 구현)
+		if (typeof window.crypto === 'undefined') {
+			(window as unknown as { crypto: Crypto }).crypto = {
+				getRandomValues: (array: Uint8Array): Uint8Array => {
+					for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+						array[i] = Math.floor(Math.random() * 256);
+					}
+					return array;
+				},
+			} as Crypto;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 에러 핸들링 추가
+	 * @param window - JSDOM window 객체
+	 */
+	private addErrorHandling(window: Window): void {
+		window.addEventListener('error', (event: ErrorEvent) => {
+			const ignoredErrors = [
+				'elementFromPoint is not a function',
+				'MessageChannel is not defined',
+				'requestIdleCallback is not defined',
+				'IntersectionObserver is not defined',
+				'clarity',
+				'TypeError: document.elementFromPoint is not a function',
+				'ReferenceError: MessageChannel is not defined',
+			];
+
+			const errorMessage =
+				typeof event.error === 'object' && event.error !== null && 'message' in event.error
+					? String((event.error as { message?: string }).message ?? '')
+					: String(event.message ?? '');
+			const shouldIgnore = ignoredErrors.some((ignoredError) =>
+				errorMessage.toLowerCase().includes(ignoredError.toLowerCase()),
+			);
+
+			if (!shouldIgnore) {
+				this.logger.debug(`JavaScript error in JSDOM: ${errorMessage}`);
+			}
+
+			event.preventDefault();
+		});
+
+		window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event: PromiseRejectionEvent) => {
+			let reason = '';
+			if (typeof event.reason === 'object' && event.reason !== null && 'message' in event.reason) {
+				reason = String((event.reason as { message?: string }).message ?? '');
+			} else {
+				reason = String(event.reason ?? '');
+			}
+			const ignoredReasons = ['elementFromPoint', 'MessageChannel', 'clarity'];
+			const shouldIgnore = ignoredReasons.some((ignored) => reason.toLowerCase().includes(ignored.toLowerCase()));
+			if (!shouldIgnore) {
+				this.logger.debug(`Unhandled promise rejection in JSDOM: ${reason}`);
+			}
+			event.preventDefault();
+		});
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/rss.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/rss.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a408ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/rss.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/**
+ * RSS/Atom 피드용 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+import { extractTitleFromPath } from '../utils/functional-utils';
+
+/**
+ * RSS/Atom 피드 핸들러
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class RssHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(RssHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * RSS/Atom 피드 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		const feedExtensions = ['.rss', '.xml', '.atom'];
+		if (feedExtensions.some((ext) => url.pathname.toLowerCase().endsWith(ext))) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		const feedPatterns = [
+			/\/feed\/?$/i,
+			/\/feeds?\//i,
+			/\/rss\/?$/i,
+			/\/atom\/?$/i,
+			/\/syndication\//i,
+			/\/index\.xml$/i,
+			/\/rss\.xml$/i,
+			/\/atom\.xml$/i,
+			/\/feed\.xml$/i,
+		];
+		return feedPatterns.some((pattern) => pattern.test(url.pathname));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'RSS 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정 (피드는 별도 요청 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			timeout: 0,
+			headers: {},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (피드는 사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: false,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정 (피드는 정제 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: false,
+			cleanupStyles: false,
+			cleanupLinks: false,
+			cleanupImages: false,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정 (URL/도메인 기반)
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [],
+			patterns: [/[-_]/g],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터 (사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * RSS/Atom 피드는 본문 추출 없이 타입 마킹만 수행
+	 * @param url 처리할 URL
+	 * @returns PreHandleResult 또는 null
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		try {
+			let title: string | undefined;
+			const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+			if (pathParts.length > 0) {
+				const lastPart = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1];
+				if (
+					!['feed', 'rss', 'atom', 'index.xml', 'rss.xml', 'atom.xml', 'feed.xml'].includes(
+						lastPart.toLowerCase(),
+					)
+				) {
+					title = extractTitleFromPath(lastPart);
+				}
+			}
+			if (!title) {
+				title = `${url.hostname} Feed`;
+			}
+			let contentType = 'application/rss+xml';
+			if (url.pathname.toLowerCase().includes('atom')) {
+				contentType = 'application/atom+xml';
+			}
+			return {
+				url: url.href,
+				title,
+				contentType,
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`RssHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/social-media.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/social-media.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f14198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/social-media.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { IContentHandler } from '../interfaces/content-handler.interface';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * Social media platform transformations.
+ * Each platform has specific URL patterns and optimal access methods.
+ */
+const SOCIAL_MEDIA_TRANSFORMATIONS: Record<string, (url: URL) => URL> = {
+	'instagram.com': (url) => {
+		// Instagram: Use bibliogram or other privacy-friendly proxies
+		// For posts, stories, and profiles
+		if (url.pathname.includes('/p/') || url.pathname.includes('/reel/') || url.pathname.includes('/tv/')) {
+			// For specific posts, use a proxy service
+			return new URL(`https://bibliogram.art${url.pathname}`);
+		}
+		// For profiles, keep original but mark for special handling
+		return url;
+	},
+	'tiktok.com': (url) => {
+		// TikTok: Use mobile web version for better content extraction
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.tiktok.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'facebook.com': (url) => {
+		// Facebook: Use mobile version for simpler layout
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.facebook.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'fb.com': (url) => {
+		// Facebook short URLs: Convert to mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.facebook.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'twitter.com': (url) => {
+		// Twitter: Use Nitter (privacy-friendly Twitter frontend)
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'nitter.net';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'x.com': (url) => {
+		// X (formerly Twitter): Use Nitter
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'nitter.net';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'linkedin.com': (url) => {
+		// LinkedIn: Keep original but add parameters to avoid login prompts
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		// Remove tracking parameters and add mobile indicator
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('trk');
+		newUrl.searchParams.delete('trkInfo');
+		newUrl.searchParams.set('lipi', 'urn:li:page:d_flagship3_profile_view_base');
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'pinterest.com': (url) => {
+		// Pinterest: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.pinterest.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'pinterest.co.uk': (url) => {
+		// Pinterest UK: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.pinterest.co.uk';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'snapchat.com': (url) => {
+		// Snapchat: For stories and profiles, keep original
+		// Most Snapchat content requires the app, but some web content exists
+		return url;
+	},
+	'discord.com': (url) => {
+		// Discord: For invite links and server info
+		if (url.pathname.includes('/invite/')) {
+			// Keep invite links as-is
+			return url;
+		}
+		// For other Discord links, they typically require the app
+		return url;
+	},
+	'telegram.org': (url) => {
+		// Telegram: Convert to web version when possible
+		if (url.pathname.includes('/s/')) {
+			// Channel/chat links - use web version
+			const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+			newUrl.hostname = 't.me';
+			return newUrl;
+		}
+		return url;
+	},
+	't.me': (url) => {
+		// Telegram short links: Keep as-is, they're already optimized
+		return url;
+	},
+	'mastodon.social': (url) => {
+		// Mastodon: Keep original, it's already web-friendly
+		return url;
+	},
+	'mastodon.world': (url) => {
+		// Mastodon instance: Keep original
+		return url;
+	},
+	'threads.net': (url) => {
+		// Meta Threads: Keep original but note it might require login
+		return url;
+	},
+	'bluesky.app': (url) => {
+		// Bluesky: Keep original, it's web-friendly
+		return url;
+	},
+	'vk.com': (url) => {
+		// VKontakte: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.vk.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+	'weibo.com': (url) => {
+		// Weibo: Use mobile version
+		const newUrl = new URL(url.href);
+		newUrl.hostname = 'm.weibo.com';
+		return newUrl;
+	},
+};
+
+/**
+ * A content handler specifically for social media platforms.
+ * This handler detects social media URLs and transforms them to more
+ * scraping-friendly versions when possible.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class SocialMediaHandler implements IContentHandler {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(SocialMediaHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the URL is from a supported social media platform.
+	 * @param url - The URL to check.
+	 * @returns `true` if the URL is from a supported social media platform.
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return Object.keys(SOCIAL_MEDIA_TRANSFORMATIONS).some((domain) => url.hostname.endsWith(domain));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes social media URLs by transforming them to more accessible versions.
+	 * @param url - The social media URL to handle.
+	 * @returns A `PreHandleResult` with the transformed URL, or `null` on failure.
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		const domain = Object.keys(SOCIAL_MEDIA_TRANSFORMATIONS).find((d) => url.hostname.endsWith(d));
+
+		if (!domain) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const transform = SOCIAL_MEDIA_TRANSFORMATIONS[domain];
+			const newUrl = transform(url);
+
+			// Extract potential title from URL
+			let title: string | undefined;
+			const platform = this.getPlatformName(domain);
+
+			if (url.pathname.includes('/p/') || url.pathname.includes('/post/')) {
+				title = `${platform} Post`;
+			} else if (url.pathname.includes('/reel/') || url.pathname.includes('/video/')) {
+				title = `${platform} Video`;
+			} else if (url.pathname.includes('/story/') || url.pathname.includes('/stories/')) {
+				title = `${platform} Story`;
+			} else if (url.pathname.length > 1) {
+				// Try to extract username or page name
+				const pathParts = url.pathname.split('/').filter((part) => part.length > 0);
+				if (pathParts.length > 0) {
+					const identifier = pathParts[0];
+					title = `${platform} - ${identifier}`;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return {
+				url: newUrl.href,
+				title,
+				contentType: 'text/html',
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`SocialMediaHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a human-readable platform name from domain.
+	 * @param domain - The domain name.
+	 * @returns The platform name.
+	 */
+	private getPlatformName(domain: string): string {
+		const platformNames: Record<string, string> = {
+			'instagram.com': 'Instagram',
+			'tiktok.com': 'TikTok',
+			'facebook.com': 'Facebook',
+			'fb.com': 'Facebook',
+			'twitter.com': 'Twitter',
+			'x.com': 'X',
+			'linkedin.com': 'LinkedIn',
+			'pinterest.com': 'Pinterest',
+			'pinterest.co.uk': 'Pinterest',
+			'snapchat.com': 'Snapchat',
+			'discord.com': 'Discord',
+			'telegram.org': 'Telegram',
+			't.me': 'Telegram',
+			'mastodon.social': 'Mastodon',
+			'mastodon.world': 'Mastodon',
+			'threads.net': 'Threads',
+			'bluesky.app': 'Bluesky',
+			'vk.com': 'VK',
+			'weibo.com': 'Weibo',
+		};
+
+		return platformNames[domain] || domain;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/stibee.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/stibee.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..373f9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/stibee.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * 스티비(Stibee) 뉴스레터 플랫폼을 위한 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ */
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+
+/**
+ * 스티비 뉴스레터 핸들러
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class StibeeHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	/**
+	 * 스티비 도메인 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return url.hostname.endsWith('stibee.com');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return '스티비 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+			timeout: 20000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
+				'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
+				'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: true,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [
+				'meta[property="og:title"]',
+				'meta[name="twitter:title"]',
+				'title',
+				'h1',
+				'.newsletter-title',
+				'.post-title',
+				'[class*="title"]',
+				'[class*="headline"]',
+			],
+			patterns: [/\s*-\s*스티비$/, /\s*\|\s*Stibee$/, /\s*::.*$/],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {
+				'stibee.com': [/\s*-\s*스티비$/, /\s*\|\s*Stibee$/],
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [
+			'article',
+			'[class*="content"]',
+			'[class*="newsletter"]',
+			'[class*="post"]',
+			'[class*="body"]',
+			'main',
+			'.container',
+			'#content',
+		];
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/tistory.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/tistory.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e24f561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/tistory.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { postProcessDom } from '../utils/content-cleaning-pipeline';
+
+/**
+ * 티스토리 블로그 전용 핸들러
+ * - SOLID 원칙 기반, AbstractContentHandler 상속
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class TistoryHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	/**
+	 * 처리 가능한 도메인 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return url.hostname.endsWith('tistory.com');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return '티스토리 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent:
+				'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+			timeout: 15000,
+			headers: {
+				Accept: 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Language': 'ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
+				'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
+				Connection: 'keep-alive',
+				'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+			},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: this.httpConfig.userAgent,
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: true,
+			cleanupStyles: true,
+			cleanupLinks: true,
+			cleanupImages: true,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [
+				'meta[property="og:title"]',
+				'meta[name="title"]',
+				'title',
+				'.titleWrap h2',
+				'.titleWrap h3',
+				'.entry-title',
+				'.post-title',
+				'.article-title',
+				'.content-title',
+			],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [
+			'#content',
+			'.tt_article_useless_p_margin',
+			'.article-view',
+			'.entry-content',
+			'.post-content',
+			'.article',
+			'.content',
+			'#article',
+			'#tt-body-page',
+			'.tt_article',
+		];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 티스토리 콘텐츠에 특화된 후처리 로직을 적용합니다.
+	 * @param content 추출된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 * @returns 후처리된 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 */
+	protected override postProcess(content: string): string {
+		if (!content) {
+			return content;
+		}
+		const dom = new JSDOM(content);
+		const document = dom.window.document;
+		postProcessDom(document, { baseUrl: 'https://tistory.com' });
+		return document.body?.outerHTML ?? content;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/youtube.handler.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/youtube.handler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43dad52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/handlers/youtube.handler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+/**
+ * YouTube 동영상용 리팩토링된 콘텐츠 핸들러
+ * - AbstractContentHandler 기반
+ * - SOLID 원칙 및 함수형 프로그래밍 적용
+ * - oEmbed API 활용 및 자막 추출 기능 포함
+ */
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { AbstractContentHandler } from '../base/abstract-content-handler';
+import {
+	HttpRequestConfig,
+	DomConfig,
+	ContentCleaningConfig,
+	TitleExtractionConfig,
+} from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * YouTube oEmbed 응답 타입
+ */
+interface YouTubeOEmbedResponse {
+	readonly title: string;
+	readonly width: number;
+	readonly height: number;
+	readonly thumbnail_url: string;
+	readonly author_name: string;
+	readonly author_url: string;
+	readonly provider_name: string;
+	readonly provider_url: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * YouTube 동영상 핸들러 (Omnivore 방식: 자막 추출 없이 oEmbed만 활용)
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class YoutubeHandler extends AbstractContentHandler {
+	protected readonly logger = new Logger(YoutubeHandler.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * YouTube URL 패턴 매칭
+	 */
+	private readonly YOUTUBE_URL_MATCH =
+		/^((?:https?:)?\/\/)?((?:www|m)\.)?((?:youtube\.com|youtu\.be))(\/(?:[\w-]+\?v=|embed\/|v\/|shorts\/|playlist\?list=)?)([\w-]+)(\S+)?$/;
+
+	/**
+	 * YouTube 동영상 처리 여부
+	 * @param url 검사할 URL
+	 */
+	public canHandle(url: URL): boolean {
+		return this.YOUTUBE_URL_MATCH.test(url.href);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 이름
+	 */
+	protected get handlerName(): string {
+		return 'YouTube 핸들러';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTTP 요청 설정 (YouTube는 별도 요청 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get httpConfig(): HttpRequestConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			timeout: 0,
+			headers: {},
+			redirect: 'follow',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * DOM 생성 설정 (YouTube는 사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get domConfig(): DomConfig {
+		return {
+			userAgent: '',
+			resources: 'usable',
+			runScripts: 'outside-only',
+			pretendToBeVisual: false,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 정제 설정 (YouTube는 정제 불필요)
+	 */
+	protected get cleaningConfig(): ContentCleaningConfig {
+		return {
+			removeUnwantedElements: false,
+			cleanupStyles: false,
+			cleanupLinks: false,
+			cleanupImages: false,
+			cleanupText: false,
+			refineTitle: true,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 제목 추출 설정 (videoId 기반)
+	 */
+	protected get titleConfig(): TitleExtractionConfig {
+		return {
+			selectors: [],
+			patterns: [],
+			siteSpecificPatterns: {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 본문 콘텐츠 추출용 셀렉터 (사용하지 않음)
+	 */
+	protected get contentSelectors(): readonly string[] {
+		return [];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * YouTube 동영상 처리 - oEmbed API 활용 및 자막 추출
+	 * @param url YouTube URL
+	 */
+	public async handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null> {
+		try {
+			const videoId = this.extractVideoId(url);
+			if (!videoId) {
+				this.logger.warn(`Could not extract video ID from: ${url.href}`);
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			// oEmbed API로 동영상 정보 가져오기
+			const oembedData = await this.fetchOEmbedData(url.href);
+			if (!oembedData) {
+				this.logger.warn(`YouTube oEmbed API 실패: ${url.href}`);
+				return this.generateFallbackContent(videoId, url);
+			}
+
+			// HTML 콘텐츠 생성
+			const content = this.generateVideoContent(videoId, url, oembedData);
+
+			return {
+				url: url.href,
+				title: oembedData.title,
+				content,
+				contentType: 'text/html',
+			};
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`YoutubeHandler failed for ${url.href}: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 다양한 YouTube URL에서 videoId 추출
+	 * @param url YouTube URL
+	 */
+	private extractVideoId(url: URL): string | null {
+		if (url.hostname === 'youtu.be') {
+			return url.pathname.slice(1);
+		}
+		if (url.searchParams.has('v')) {
+			return url.searchParams.get('v');
+		}
+		const embedMatch = url.pathname.match(/\/embed\/([^/?]+)/);
+		if (embedMatch) {
+			return embedMatch[1];
+		}
+		const vMatch = url.pathname.match(/\/v\/([^/?]+)/);
+		if (vMatch) {
+			return vMatch[1];
+		}
+		const shortsMatch = url.pathname.match(/\/shorts\/([^/?]+)/);
+		if (shortsMatch) {
+			return shortsMatch[1];
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * YouTube oEmbed API로 동영상 정보 가져오기
+	 * @param url YouTube URL
+	 */
+	private async fetchOEmbedData(url: string): Promise<YouTubeOEmbedResponse | null> {
+		try {
+			const oembedUrl = `https://www.youtube.com/oembed?format=json&url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`;
+			const response = await fetch(oembedUrl);
+			if (!response.ok) {
+				this.logger.warn(`oEmbed API 응답 실패: ${response.status}`);
+				return null;
+			}
+			const data = (await response.json()) as YouTubeOEmbedResponse;
+			return data;
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`oEmbed API 요청 실패: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * oEmbed 데이터를 포함한 HTML 콘텐츠 생성
+	 * @param videoId YouTube video ID
+	 * @param originalUrl 원본 URL
+	 * @param oembedData oEmbed API 응답 데이터
+	 */
+	private generateVideoContent(videoId: string, originalUrl: URL, oembedData: YouTubeOEmbedResponse): string {
+		const watchUrl = `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${videoId}`;
+		const embedUrl = `https://www.youtube.com/embed/${videoId}`;
+		const timestamp = originalUrl.searchParams.get('t');
+		const timestampText = timestamp ? ` (starting at ${timestamp})` : '';
+		const ratio = oembedData.width / oembedData.height;
+		const height = 350;
+		const width = Math.round(height * ratio);
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.title)}</title>
+    <meta property="og:image" content="${oembedData.thumbnail_url}" />
+    <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="${oembedData.thumbnail_url}" />
+    <meta property="og:title" content="${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.title)}" />
+    <meta property="og:description" content="${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.title)}" />
+    <meta property="og:article:author" content="${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.author_name)}" />
+    <meta property="og:site_name" content="YouTube" />
+    <meta property="og:type" content="video" />
+    <style>
+        .youtube-container {
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+        }
+        .youtube-video {
+            margin-bottom: 2rem;
+        }
+        .video-embed {
+            position: relative;
+            width: 100%;
+            max-width: ${width}px;
+            margin: 0 auto 1rem;
+        }
+        .video-embed iframe {
+            width: 100%;
+            height: ${height}px;
+            border: none;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+        }
+        .video-info {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 1.5rem;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
+        }
+        .video-title {
+            font-size: 1.5rem;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            color: #1a1a1a;
+        }
+        .video-author {
+            color: #666;
+            margin-bottom: 1rem;
+        }
+        .video-author a {
+            color: #065fd4;
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+        .video-author a:hover {
+            text-decoration: underline;
+        }
+        .video-description {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 1rem;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            border-left: 4px solid #065fd4;
+        }
+        .original-link {
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+        }
+        .original-link a {
+            color: #065fd4;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 500;
+        }
+        .original-link a:hover {
+            text-decoration: underline;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="youtube-container">
+        <article id="_omnivore_youtube">
+            <div class="youtube-video">
+                <div class="video-embed">
+                    <iframe 
+                        id="_omnivore_youtube_video" 
+                        src="${embedUrl}" 
+                        title="${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.title)}" 
+                        frameborder="0" 
+                        allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" 
+                        allowfullscreen>
+                    </iframe>
+                </div>
+                <div class="video-info">
+                    <h1 class="video-title">${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.title)}</h1>
+                    <div class="video-author">
+                        By <a href="${oembedData.author_url}" target="_blank">${this.escapeHtml(oembedData.author_name)}</a>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="video-description">
+                        <strong>동영상 정보:</strong><br>
+                        • <a href="${watchUrl}" target="_blank">YouTube에서 보기</a>${timestampText}<br>
+                        • 임베드 URL: <a href="${embedUrl}" target="_blank">${embedUrl}</a>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="original-link">
+                <a href="${originalUrl.href}" target="_blank">원본 YouTube 페이지로 이동</a>
+            </div>
+        </article>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`.trim();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * oEmbed API 실패 시 기본 콘텐츠 생성
+	 * @param videoId YouTube video ID
+	 * @param originalUrl 원본 URL
+	 */
+	private generateFallbackContent(videoId: string, originalUrl: URL): PreHandleResult {
+		const watchUrl = `https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=${videoId}`;
+		const embedUrl = `https://www.youtube.com/embed/${videoId}`;
+		return {
+			url: originalUrl.href,
+			title: `YouTube Video: ${videoId}`,
+			content: `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>YouTube Video: ${videoId}</title>
+    <style>
+        .youtube-container {
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 2rem;
+        }
+        .video-embed {
+            margin-bottom: 2rem;
+        }
+        .video-embed iframe {
+            width: 560px;
+            height: 315px;
+            border: none;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+        }
+        .video-info {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 1.5rem;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="youtube-container">
+        <div class="video-embed">
+            <iframe src="${embedUrl}" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+        </div>
+        <div class="video-info">
+            <h2>YouTube Video: ${videoId}</h2>
+            <p><a href="${watchUrl}" target="_blank">YouTube에서 보기</a></p>
+            <p><em>동영상 정보를 가져올 수 없습니다. YouTube API 응답을 확인해주세요.</em></p>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`.trim(),
+			contentType: 'text/html',
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTML 특수문자 이스케이프
+	 * @param text 이스케이프할 텍스트
+	 */
+	private escapeHtml(text: string): string {
+		const map: Record<string, string> = {
+			'&': '&amp;',
+			'<': '&lt;',
+			'>': '&gt;',
+			'"': '&quot;',
+			"'": '&#39;',
+		};
+		return text.replace(/[&<>"']/g, (m) => map[m]);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/interfaces/content-handler.interface.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/interfaces/content-handler.interface.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea57a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/interfaces/content-handler.interface.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * Injection token for providing an array of IContentHandler implementations.
+ * This allows for flexible and extensible handler registration.
+ */
+export const CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN = 'CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN';
+
+/**
+ * Defines the contract for content handlers.
+ * Each handler is responsible for processing a specific type of content (e.g., a PDF file, a specific domain).
+ */
+export interface IContentHandler {
+	/**
+	 * Determines if the handler can process the content from the given URL.
+	 * @param url - The URL to be checked.
+	 * @returns `true` if the handler can process the URL, `false` otherwise.
+	 */
+	canHandle(url: URL): boolean;
+
+	/**
+	 * Processes the content from the URL and extracts relevant data.
+	 * @param url - The URL of the content to handle.
+	 * @returns A promise that resolves to a `PreHandleResult` object, or `null` if handling fails.
+	 */
+	handle(url: URL): Promise<PreHandleResult | null>;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.module.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c43999b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import { Module, Provider } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PreHandlerService } from './pre-handler.service';
+import { ReadabilityHandler } from './handlers/readability.handler';
+import { HandlerFactory } from './factories/handler-factory';
+import { DomainSpecificHandler } from './handlers/domain-specific.handler';
+import { PdfHandler } from './handlers/pdf.handler';
+import { RssHandler } from './handlers/rss.handler';
+import { YoutubeHandler } from './handlers/youtube.handler';
+import { SocialMediaHandler } from './handlers/social-media.handler';
+import { NewsSiteHandler } from './handlers/news-site.handler';
+import { StibeeHandler } from './handlers/stibee.handler';
+import { MailyHandler } from './handlers/maily.handler';
+import { TistoryHandler } from './handlers/tistory.handler';
+import { MediumHandler } from './handlers/medium.handler';
+import { NaverBlogHandler } from './handlers/naver-blog.handler';
+import { DisquietHandler } from './handlers/disquiet.handler';
+import { ContentQualityEvaluator } from '../scraper/services/content-quality-evaluator';
+import { CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN, IContentHandler } from './interfaces/content-handler.interface';
+
+/**
+ * Encapsulates all content pre-handling logic.
+ * This module uses a custom provider token (CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN) to dynamically
+ * inject all content handlers into the HandlerFactory. This adheres to the
+ * Open/Closed Principle, allowing new handlers to be added without modifying
+ * the factory.
+ */
+
+// Define the order of handlers. Specific handlers should come before general ones.
+const handlers: Provider<IContentHandler>[] = [
+	// 1. Handlers for specific file types or non-HTML content
+	PdfHandler,
+	RssHandler,
+	YoutubeHandler,
+
+	// 2. Handlers for specific platforms with complex extraction logic
+	TistoryHandler,
+	NaverBlogHandler,
+	MediumHandler,
+	DisquietHandler,
+
+	// 3. Handlers for newsletter platforms
+	StibeeHandler,
+	MailyHandler,
+
+	// 4. Handlers that transform URLs
+	SocialMediaHandler,
+	NewsSiteHandler,
+	DomainSpecificHandler,
+
+	// 5. Fallback handler for general web content
+	ReadabilityHandler,
+];
+
+// Create a custom provider for the array of handlers
+const handlerProviders: Provider[] = handlers.map((handler) => ({
+	provide: CONTENT_HANDLER_TOKEN,
+	useClass: handler as new (...args: any[]) => IContentHandler,
+}));
+
+@Module({
+	providers: [
+		PreHandlerService,
+		HandlerFactory,
+		ContentQualityEvaluator,
+		...handlers, // Register each handler as a provider
+		...handlerProviders, // Provide the array of handlers under the token
+	],
+	exports: [PreHandlerService],
+})
+export class PreHandlerModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.service.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67fc0f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/pre-handler.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Pre-Handler Service
+ * - HandlerFactory를 사용하여 URL에 맞는 콘텐츠 처리 전략을 실행합니다.
+ */
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PreHandleResult } from './dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+import { HandlerFactory } from './factories/handler-factory';
+import { ContentQualityEvaluator } from '../scraper/services/content-quality-evaluator';
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 사전 처리 서비스
+ * - 핸들러 체인을 순차적으로 실행하여 URL에서 콘텐츠를 추출하고 정제합니다.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class PreHandlerService {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(PreHandlerService.name);
+
+	constructor(
+		private readonly handlerFactory: HandlerFactory,
+		private readonly contentQualityEvaluator: ContentQualityEvaluator,
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 체인을 순차적으로 실행하여 결과를 반환합니다.
+	 * 품질 좋은 콘텐츠를 추출한 첫 번째 핸들러의 결과를 즉시 반환합니다.
+	 * @param urlString 처리할 URL 문자열
+	 * @returns PreHandleResult
+	 */
+	public async execute(urlString: string): Promise<PreHandleResult> {
+		const handlers = this.handlerFactory.getAllHandlers();
+		const initialUrl = new URL(urlString);
+
+		this.logger.debug(`Pre-handler 실행 시작: ${urlString}`);
+		this.logger.debug(`실행할 핸들러 순서: ${handlers.map((h) => h.constructor.name).join(' -> ')}`);
+
+		for (const handler of handlers) {
+			if (!handler.canHandle(initialUrl)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			this.logger.debug(`핸들러 [${handler.constructor.name}] 실행: ${initialUrl.href}`);
+			try {
+				const result = await handler.handle(initialUrl);
+
+				if (result) {
+					// 성공 조건 1: PDF, RSS 등 최종 콘텐츠 타입을 식별한 경우 즉시 반환
+					if (result.contentType && !['text/html', 'text/plain'].includes(result.contentType)) {
+						this.logger.log(
+							`[${handler.constructor.name}] 핸들러가 최종 콘텐츠 타입(${result.contentType}) 식별 성공. 체인 중단.`,
+						);
+						result.handlerUsed = handler.constructor.name;
+						return result;
+					}
+
+					// 성공 조건 2: 품질 좋은 HTML 콘텐츠를 추출한 경우 즉시 반환
+					if (result.content && this.isContentQualityGood(result.content, result.url)) {
+						this.logger.log(
+							`[${handler.constructor.name}] 핸들러가 품질 좋은 콘텐츠 추출 성공. 체인 중단.`,
+						);
+						result.handlerUsed = handler.constructor.name;
+						return result;
+					}
+
+					this.logger.debug(
+						`[${handler.constructor.name}] 핸들러가 결과를 반환했으나 최종 성공 조건에 미치지 못함. 다음 핸들러 실행.`,
+					);
+				}
+			} catch (error) {
+				this.logger.warn(`[${handler.constructor.name}] 핸들러 처리 실패: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			}
+		}
+
+		this.logger.warn(`모든 핸들러가 콘텐츠 추출에 실패했습니다: ${urlString}`);
+		return {
+			url: urlString,
+			title: undefined,
+			content: undefined,
+			contentType: undefined,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠 품질이 좋은지 빠르게 판단합니다.
+	 * @param content 콘텐츠
+	 * @param url URL
+	 * @returns boolean
+	 */
+	private isContentQualityGood(content: string, url: string): boolean {
+		try {
+			const quality = this.contentQualityEvaluator.evaluate(content, content, {}, url);
+			return quality.isProbablyReadable;
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`품질 평가 실패: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/types/content-extraction.types.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/types/content-extraction.types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91acf34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/types/content-extraction.types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 추출 및 정제 관련 타입 정의
+ * 함수형 프로그래밍 및 SOLID 원칙 기반
+ */
+
+/**
+ * HTTP 요청 설정
+ */
+export interface HttpRequestConfig {
+	/** User-Agent 문자열 */
+	readonly userAgent: string;
+	/** 요청 타임아웃(ms) */
+	readonly timeout: number;
+	/** 추가 헤더 */
+	readonly headers: Record<string, string>;
+	/** 리다이렉트 정책 */
+	readonly redirect: RequestRedirect;
+}
+
+/**
+ * DOM 생성 설정
+ */
+export interface DomConfig {
+	/** User-Agent 문자열 */
+	readonly userAgent: string;
+	/** 리소스 사용 여부 */
+	readonly resources: 'usable' | 'unusable';
+	/** 스크립트 실행 정책 */
+	readonly runScripts: 'dangerously' | 'outside-only';
+	/** 시각적 환경 시뮬레이션 */
+	readonly pretendToBeVisual: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 정제 설정
+ */
+export interface ContentCleaningConfig {
+	/** 불필요한 요소 제거 여부 */
+	readonly removeUnwantedElements: boolean;
+	/** 스타일 정리 여부 */
+	readonly cleanupStyles: boolean;
+	/** 링크 정리 여부 */
+	readonly cleanupLinks: boolean;
+	/** 이미지 정리 여부 */
+	readonly cleanupImages: boolean;
+	/** 텍스트 정리 여부 */
+	readonly cleanupText: boolean;
+	/** 제목 정제 여부 */
+	readonly refineTitle: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 제목 추출 설정
+ */
+export interface TitleExtractionConfig {
+	/** 제목 추출용 셀렉터 목록 */
+	readonly selectors: readonly string[];
+	/** 제목 정제용 정규표현식 목록 */
+	readonly patterns: readonly RegExp[];
+	/** 사이트별 추가 정제 패턴 */
+	readonly siteSpecificPatterns: Record<string, readonly RegExp[]>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 추출 결과
+ */
+export interface ContentExtractionResult {
+	/** 추출된 제목 */
+	readonly title?: string;
+	/** 추출된 본문(HTML) */
+	readonly content?: string;
+	/** 콘텐츠 타입 */
+	readonly contentType: string;
+	/** 최종 URL */
+	readonly url: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 정제 파이프라인 단계
+ */
+export type CleaningStage =
+	| 'remove-unwanted-elements'
+	| 'cleanup-styles'
+	| 'cleanup-links'
+	| 'cleanup-images'
+	| 'cleanup-text'
+	| 'refine-title';
+
+/**
+ * 정제 함수 타입
+ */
+export type CleaningFunction<T = Element> = (element: T, context: CleaningContext) => T;
+
+/**
+ * 정제 컨텍스트
+ */
+export interface CleaningContext {
+	/** 기준 URL */
+	readonly baseUrl: string;
+	/** 정제 설정 */
+	readonly config: ContentCleaningConfig;
+	/** 로거 */
+	readonly logger: any;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/content-cleaning-pipeline.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/content-cleaning-pipeline.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af9f3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/content-cleaning-pipeline.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 정제 파이프라인 함수 모음
+ * - removeUnwantedElements, cleanupStyles, cleanupLinks, cleanupImages, cleanupText, refineTitle
+ * - createContentCleaningPipeline
+ */
+import { CleaningFunction, ContentCleaningConfig, CleaningContext } from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+import { compose } from './functional-utils';
+
+/**
+ * 불필요한 요소를 제거합니다.
+ * @param element 정제할 요소
+ * @param context 정제 컨텍스트 (logger만 사용)
+ * @returns 정제된 요소
+ */
+export const removeUnwantedElements: CleaningFunction<Element> = (element, context: CleaningContext) => {
+	const unwantedSelectors = [
+		'nav',
+		'.nav',
+		'.navigation',
+		'.menu',
+		'.navbar',
+		'header',
+		'.header',
+		'.site-header',
+		'footer',
+		'.footer',
+		'.site-footer',
+		'aside',
+		'.sidebar',
+		'.side-bar',
+		'.widget',
+		'.ad',
+		'.advertisement',
+		'.ads',
+		'[class*="ad-"]',
+		'[id*="ad-"]',
+		'[class*="banner"]',
+		'[id*="banner"]',
+		'.social',
+		'.share',
+		'.social-share',
+		'[class*="social"]',
+		'[id*="social"]',
+		'.comment',
+		'.comments',
+		'#comments',
+		'[class*="comment"]',
+		'[id*="comment"]',
+		'.breadcrumb',
+		'.breadcrumbs',
+		'.pagination',
+		'.pager',
+		'.author-bio',
+		'.author-info',
+		'.newsletter-signup',
+		'.subscribe',
+		'.cookie-notice',
+		'.privacy-notice',
+		'.back-to-top',
+		'.scroll-top',
+		'.login',
+		'.auth',
+		'.signup',
+		'script',
+		'style',
+		'noscript',
+		'[style*="display: none"]',
+		'[style*="display:none"]',
+		'.hidden',
+		'.invisible',
+		'[aria-hidden="true"]',
+		'iframe[src*="tracking"]',
+		'iframe[src*="analytics"]',
+		'iframe[src*="google-analytics"]',
+		'iframe[src*="facebook"]',
+		'[class*="tracking"]',
+		'[id*="tracking"]',
+		'[class*="analytics"]',
+		'[id*="analytics"]',
+	];
+	unwantedSelectors.forEach((selector) => {
+		try {
+			const elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+			elements.forEach((el) => el.remove());
+		} catch {
+			(context.logger as { debug?: (msg: string) => void })?.debug?.(`Invalid selector: ${selector}`);
+		}
+	});
+	return element;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 인라인 스타일을 정리합니다.
+ */
+export const cleanupStyles: CleaningFunction<Element> = (element) => {
+	const elementsWithStyle = element.querySelectorAll('[style]');
+	elementsWithStyle.forEach((el) => {
+		const style = el.getAttribute('style');
+		if (style) {
+			const keepStyles = style.match(
+				/(font-size|color|background-color|text-align|line-height|margin|padding|border):[^;]+;?/g,
+			);
+			if (keepStyles) {
+				el.setAttribute('style', keepStyles.join(' '));
+			} else {
+				el.removeAttribute('style');
+			}
+		}
+	});
+	return element;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 링크를 정리합니다.
+ */
+export const cleanupLinks: CleaningFunction<Element> = (element, context) => {
+	const links = element.querySelectorAll('a[href]');
+	links.forEach((link) => {
+		const href = link.getAttribute('href');
+		if (href) {
+			try {
+				const absoluteUrl = new URL(href, context.baseUrl).href;
+				link.setAttribute('href', absoluteUrl);
+				link.setAttribute('target', '_blank');
+				link.setAttribute('rel', 'noopener noreferrer');
+			} catch {
+				link.removeAttribute('href');
+			}
+		}
+	});
+	return element;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 이미지를 정리합니다.
+ */
+export const cleanupImages: CleaningFunction<Element> = (element, context) => {
+	const images = element.querySelectorAll('img');
+	images.forEach((img) => {
+		const width = img.getAttribute('width');
+		const height = img.getAttribute('height');
+		if (width && height) {
+			const w = parseInt(width);
+			const h = parseInt(height);
+			if (w < 50 || h < 50) {
+				img.remove();
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		const dataSrc = img.getAttribute('data-src');
+		if (dataSrc && !img.src) {
+			img.src = dataSrc;
+		}
+		if (context.baseUrl && img.src && img.src.startsWith('/')) {
+			try {
+				img.src = new URL(img.src, context.baseUrl).href;
+			} catch {
+				img.remove();
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		if (img.src && img.src.startsWith('//')) {
+			img.src = 'https:' + img.src;
+		}
+		(img as HTMLElement).style.maxWidth = '100%';
+		(img as HTMLElement).style.height = 'auto';
+		img.removeAttribute('data-src');
+		img.removeAttribute('loading');
+		img.removeAttribute('srcset');
+	});
+	return element;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 텍스트를 정리합니다.
+ */
+export const cleanupText: CleaningFunction<Element> = (element) => {
+	const emptyElements = element.querySelectorAll('p, div, span');
+	emptyElements.forEach((el) => {
+		if (!el.textContent?.trim()) {
+			el.remove();
+		}
+	});
+	const textNodes = element.ownerDocument?.evaluate(
+		'.//text()',
+		element,
+		null,
+		XPathResult.UNORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE,
+		null,
+	);
+	if (textNodes) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < textNodes.snapshotLength; i++) {
+			const node = textNodes.snapshotItem(i);
+			if (node && node.textContent) {
+				node.textContent = node.textContent.replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// 이미지 alt 속성 보강
+	const images = element.querySelectorAll('img');
+	images.forEach((img) => {
+		if (!img.hasAttribute('alt')) {
+			img.setAttribute('alt', '');
+		}
+	});
+	return element;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 정제 파이프라인을 생성합니다.
+ * @param config 정제 설정
+ * @returns 합성된 정제 함수
+ */
+export const createContentCleaningPipeline = (config: ContentCleaningConfig): CleaningFunction<Element> => {
+	const stages: CleaningFunction<Element>[] = [];
+	if (config.removeUnwantedElements) stages.push(removeUnwantedElements);
+	if (config.cleanupStyles) stages.push(cleanupStyles);
+	if (config.cleanupLinks) stages.push(cleanupLinks);
+	if (config.cleanupImages) stages.push(cleanupImages);
+	if (config.cleanupText) stages.push(cleanupText);
+	return compose(...stages);
+};
+
+/**
+ * 공통 후처리: 이미지 src 최적화, picture->img 변환, data-* 특수 이미지 처리 등
+ * @param document JSDOM의 document 객체
+ * @param options 도메인별 옵션 (ex: baseUrl)
+ */
+export const postProcessDom = (document: Document, options?: { baseUrl?: string; domain?: string }): void => {
+	// picture -> img 변환 (Medium 등)
+	document.querySelectorAll('picture').forEach((picture) => {
+		const source = picture.querySelector('source');
+		if (source) {
+			const srcSet = source.getAttribute('srcSet');
+			if (srcSet) {
+				const sources = srcSet
+					.split(', ')
+					.map((src) => src.trim().split(' '))
+					.filter((parts) => parts.length >= 2)
+					.sort((a, b) => Number(b[1].replace('w', '')) - Number(a[1].replace('w', '')));
+				if (sources.length > 0 && sources[0].length > 0) {
+					const imageUrl = sources[0][0];
+					const img = document.createElement('img');
+					img.src = imageUrl;
+					const existingImg = picture.querySelector('img');
+					if (existingImg) {
+						if (existingImg.alt) img.alt = existingImg.alt;
+						if (existingImg.title) img.title = existingImg.title;
+					}
+					picture.parentNode?.replaceChild(img, picture);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	});
+	// img src 최적화 (Tistory, Naver 등)
+	document.querySelectorAll('img').forEach((img) => {
+		let src = img.getAttribute('data-original') || img.getAttribute('data-src') || img.getAttribute('src');
+		if (src) {
+			if (src.startsWith('//')) {
+				src = 'https:' + src;
+			} else if (src.startsWith('/')) {
+				src = options?.baseUrl ? new URL(src, options.baseUrl).href : src;
+			}
+			img.setAttribute('src', src);
+			img.removeAttribute('data-src');
+			img.removeAttribute('data-original');
+			img.removeAttribute('loading');
+		}
+	});
+	// data-ke-src 특수 이미지 처리 (Naver)
+	document.querySelectorAll('[data-ke-src]').forEach((element) => {
+		const dataSrc = element.getAttribute('data-ke-src');
+		if (dataSrc) {
+			let optimizedSrc = dataSrc;
+			if (optimizedSrc.startsWith('//')) {
+				optimizedSrc = 'https:' + optimizedSrc;
+			} else if (optimizedSrc.startsWith('/')) {
+				optimizedSrc = options?.baseUrl ? new URL(optimizedSrc, options.baseUrl).href : optimizedSrc;
+			}
+			const img = document.createElement('img');
+			img.src = optimizedSrc;
+			img.alt = element.getAttribute('alt') || '';
+			element.parentNode?.replaceChild(img, element);
+		}
+	});
+};
diff --git a/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/functional-utils.ts b/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/functional-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2547f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/pre-handler/utils/functional-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/**
+ * 함수형 프로그래밍 기반 공통 유틸리티 함수 모음
+ * - Result/Option 타입
+ * - fetchHtml, createDom, createDomFromUrl 등
+ * - map/flatMap/compose 등 고차 함수
+ * - extractTitle, findContentElement 등
+ */
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { HttpRequestConfig, DomConfig } from '../types/content-extraction.types';
+
+/**
+ * Result 타입 - 성공/실패를 명시적으로 표현
+ */
+export type Result<T, E = Error> =
+	| { readonly success: true; readonly data: T }
+	| { readonly success: false; readonly error: E };
+
+/**
+ * Option 타입 - 값이 있을 수도 없을 수도 있음을 명시적으로 표현
+ */
+export type Option<T> = T | null | undefined;
+
+/**
+ * 콘텐츠 추출 과정에서 발생하는 에러를 명확하게 구분하기 위한 커스텀 에러
+ */
+export class ContentExtractionError extends Error {
+	public readonly cause?: unknown;
+	constructor(message: string, cause?: unknown) {
+		super(message);
+		this.name = 'ContentExtractionError';
+		this.cause = cause;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * 네트워크 요청 실패 등 외부 통신 관련 에러
+ */
+export class NetworkError extends Error {
+	public readonly cause?: unknown;
+	constructor(message: string, cause?: unknown) {
+		super(message);
+		this.name = 'NetworkError';
+		this.cause = cause;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * HTTP 요청을 통해 HTML 문자열을 가져옵니다.
+ * @param url 요청할 URL
+ * @param config HTTP 요청 설정
+ * @returns HTML 문자열 또는 에러
+ */
+export const fetchHtml = async (url: string, config: HttpRequestConfig): Promise<Result<string, Error>> => {
+	try {
+		const controller = new AbortController();
+		const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), config.timeout);
+
+		const response = await fetch(url, {
+			headers: config.headers,
+			redirect: config.redirect,
+			signal: controller.signal,
+		});
+
+		clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+
+		if (!response.ok) {
+			return {
+				success: false,
+				error: new NetworkError(`HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`),
+			};
+		}
+
+		const html = await response.text();
+		return { success: true, data: html };
+	} catch (error) {
+		return {
+			success: false,
+			error: new NetworkError('Network request failed', error),
+		};
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * HTML 문자열로부터 JSDOM 인스턴스를 생성합니다.
+ * @param html HTML 문자열
+ * @param config DOM 생성 설정
+ * @returns JSDOM 인스턴스 또는 에러
+ */
+export const createDom = (html: string, config: DomConfig): Result<JSDOM, Error> => {
+	try {
+		const dom = new JSDOM(html, {
+			userAgent: config.userAgent,
+			resources: config.resources === 'usable' ? 'usable' : undefined,
+			runScripts: config.runScripts,
+			pretendToBeVisual: config.pretendToBeVisual,
+		});
+		const window = dom.window;
+
+		// matchMedia 모킹
+		if (!window.matchMedia) {
+			window.matchMedia = () => ({
+				matches: false,
+				media: '',
+				onchange: null,
+				addListener: () => {},
+				removeListener: () => {},
+				addEventListener: () => {},
+				removeEventListener: () => {},
+				dispatchEvent: () => false,
+			});
+		}
+
+		// fetch 모킹 (이미 Node.js에 있지만 안전을 위해)
+		if (!window.fetch) {
+			window.fetch = global.fetch;
+		}
+
+		// elementFromPoint 모킹 (JSDOM 미구현 방지)
+		if (typeof window.document.elementFromPoint !== 'function') {
+			window.document.elementFromPoint = () => null;
+		}
+
+		return { success: true, data: dom };
+	} catch (error) {
+		return {
+			success: false,
+			error: new ContentExtractionError('DOM creation failed', error),
+		};
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * URL로부터 JSDOM 인스턴스를 생성합니다.
+ * @param url HTML을 가져올 URL
+ * @param config DOM 생성 설정
+ * @returns JSDOM 인스턴스 또는 에러
+ */
+export const createDomFromUrl = async (url: string, config: DomConfig): Promise<Result<JSDOM, Error>> => {
+	try {
+		const dom = await JSDOM.fromURL(url, {
+			userAgent: config.userAgent,
+			resources: config.resources === 'usable' ? 'usable' : undefined,
+			runScripts: config.runScripts,
+			pretendToBeVisual: config.pretendToBeVisual,
+		});
+		return { success: true, data: dom };
+	} catch (error) {
+		return {
+			success: false,
+			error: new ContentExtractionError('DOM creation from URL failed', error),
+		};
+	}
+};
+
+/**
+ * 여러 셀렉터와 정규표현식을 이용해 제목을 추출합니다.
+ * @param document DOM 문서
+ * @param selectors 셀렉터 목록
+ * @param patterns 정제용 정규표현식 목록
+ * @returns 추출된 제목 또는 null
+ */
+export const extractTitle = (
+	document: Document,
+	selectors: readonly string[],
+	patterns: readonly RegExp[],
+): Option<string> => {
+	for (const selector of selectors) {
+		const element = document.querySelector(selector);
+		if (element) {
+			const title = element.getAttribute('content') || element.textContent;
+			if (title?.trim()) {
+				return patterns.reduce((cleanedTitle, pattern) => cleanedTitle.replace(pattern, ''), title.trim());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 여러 셀렉터를 이용해 본문 콘텐츠 요소를 찾습니다.
+ * @param document DOM 문서
+ * @param selectors 셀렉터 목록
+ * @param minTextLength 최소 텍스트 길이 (기본값 80)
+ * @param logger (선택) 로깅용
+ * @returns 콘텐츠 요소 또는 null
+ */
+export const findContentElement = (
+	document: Document,
+	selectors: readonly string[],
+	minTextLength: number = 80,
+	logger?: { debug?: (msg: string) => void },
+): Option<Element> => {
+	let bestElement: Element | null = null;
+	let maxLength = 0;
+	for (const selector of selectors) {
+		const element = document.querySelector(selector);
+		if (element?.textContent) {
+			const len = element.textContent.trim().length;
+			if (len > maxLength) {
+				bestElement = element;
+				maxLength = len;
+			}
+			if (len >= minTextLength) {
+				logger?.debug?.(`[findContentElement] selector '${selector}' matched element with length ${len}`);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (bestElement && maxLength >= minTextLength) {
+		return bestElement;
+	}
+	logger?.debug?.(
+		`[findContentElement] No selector matched element with length >= ${minTextLength}, fallback to null`,
+	);
+	return null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 파일 경로나 URL 경로에서 타이틀을 추출하는 유틸 함수
+ * @param path 파일명 또는 URL 경로
+ * @param options 옵션 (확장자 제거 여부 등)
+ * @returns 추출된 타이틀 문자열
+ */
+export const extractTitleFromPath = (path: string, options?: { removeExtension?: boolean }): string => {
+	let title =
+		path
+			.split('/')
+			.filter((part) => part.length > 0)
+			.pop() ?? '';
+	if (options?.removeExtension) {
+		title = title.replace(/\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, '');
+	}
+	title = title
+		.replace(/[-_]/g, ' ')
+		.replace(/\b\w/g, (l) => l.toUpperCase())
+		.trim();
+	return title;
+};
+
+/**
+ * 여러 함수를 합성하는 함수형 유틸
+ * @param fns 합성할 함수들
+ * @returns 합성된 함수
+ */
+export function compose<T, A extends unknown[]>(...fns: Array<(arg: T, ...rest: A) => T>): (arg: T, ...rest: A) => T {
+	return (arg: T, ...rest: A) => fns.reduce((acc, fn) => fn(acc, ...rest), arg);
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/dto/fetch-content.input.ts b/src/modules/scraper/dto/fetch-content.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..741047d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/dto/fetch-content.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { IsNotEmpty, IsOptional, IsString, IsUrl } from 'class-validator';
+
+/**
+ * DTO used by ScraperController (or other callers) to request content scraping.
+ */
+export class FetchContentInput {
+	@IsString()
+	@IsNotEmpty()
+	@IsUrl({ require_protocol: true })
+	url!: string;
+
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	locale?: string;
+
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsString()
+	timezone?: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/dto/save-content.input.ts b/src/modules/scraper/dto/save-content.input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7179b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/dto/save-content.input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { IsArray, IsBoolean, IsOptional, IsString, ArrayNotEmpty, ArrayUnique } from 'class-validator';
+import { FetchContentInput } from './fetch-content.input';
+
+/**
+ * 웹 콘텐츠를 스크래핑하고 저장하기 위한 DTO
+ * FetchContentInput을 확장하여 태그, 북마크, 아카이브 옵션을 추가합니다.
+ */
+export class SaveContentInput extends FetchContentInput {
+	/**
+	 * 태그 목록 (선택)
+	 */
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsArray()
+	@ArrayNotEmpty()
+	@ArrayUnique()
+	@IsString({ each: true })
+	tags?: string[];
+
+	/**
+	 * 북마크 여부 (선택)
+	 */
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+
+	/**
+	 * 아카이브 여부 (선택)
+	 */
+	@IsOptional()
+	@IsBoolean()
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/dto/scraped-content.output.ts b/src/modules/scraper/dto/scraped-content.output.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96bda88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/dto/scraped-content.output.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * The result of a scrape operation.
+ */
+export interface ScrapedContentOutput {
+	/** 마지막으로 확인된 URL (리디렉션 반영) */
+	finalUrl: string;
+
+	/** 페이지 <title> 또는 PDF 파일 이름 */
+	title?: string;
+
+	/** HTML 본문(outerHTML) 또는 기타 텍스트 콘텐츠 */
+	content?: string;
+
+	/** MIME 타입 (예: text/html, application/pdf) */
+	contentType?: string;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/exceptions/invalid-url.exception.ts b/src/modules/scraper/exceptions/invalid-url.exception.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c86f558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/exceptions/invalid-url.exception.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+/**
+ * Thrown when the provided URL fails validation checks.
+ */
+export class InvalidUrlException extends BadRequestException {
+	constructor(reason: string) {
+		super(`Invalid URL: ${reason}`);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/scraper.controller.ts b/src/modules/scraper/scraper.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcaab59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/scraper.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+import {
+	Controller,
+	Post,
+	Body,
+	Get,
+	Query,
+	BadRequestException,
+	Res,
+	Header,
+	UseGuards,
+	Request,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ApiTags, ApiOperation, ApiResponse, ApiBody, ApiQuery, ApiBearerAuth } from '@nestjs/swagger';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from 'src/common/guards/jwt.guard';
+import { Response } from 'express';
+import { AuthRequest } from 'src/types';
+import { PuppeteerParseService, FetchContentWithSaveInput } from './services/puppeteer-parse.service';
+import { FetchContentInput } from './dto/fetch-content.input';
+import { ScrapedContentOutput } from './dto/scraped-content.output';
+import { PreHandlerService } from '../pre-handler/pre-handler.service';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../pre-handler/dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+import { SaveContentInput } from './dto/save-content.input';
+
+@ApiTags('scraper')
+@Controller('scraper')
+export class ScraperController {
+	constructor(
+		private readonly puppeteerParseService: PuppeteerParseService,
+		private readonly preHandlerService: PreHandlerService,
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * 전체 스크래핑 프로세스 (사전 처리 + Puppeteer)
+	 */
+	@Post('fetch-content')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '웹 콘텐츠 스크래핑',
+		description: '사전 처리 핸들러들을 거쳐 최종적으로 웹 콘텐츠를 스크래핑합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiBody({ type: FetchContentInput })
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '스크래핑 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				finalUrl: { type: 'string' },
+				title: { type: 'string' },
+				content: { type: 'string' },
+				contentType: { type: 'string' },
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 400,
+		description: '잘못된 URL 또는 요청',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 500,
+		description: '서버 오류',
+	})
+	async fetchContent(@Body() input: FetchContentInput): Promise<ScrapedContentOutput> {
+		return this.puppeteerParseService.fetchContent(input);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 웹 콘텐츠 스크래핑 및 저장 (인증 필요)
+	 */
+	@Post('save-content')
+	@UseGuards(JwtAuthGuard)
+	@ApiBearerAuth('access-token')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '웹 콘텐츠 스크래핑 및 저장',
+		description: '웹 콘텐츠를 스크래핑하고 사용자 계정에 저장합니다. 인증이 필요합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiBody({ type: SaveContentInput })
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '스크래핑 및 저장 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				finalUrl: { type: 'string' },
+				title: { type: 'string' },
+				content: { type: 'string' },
+				contentType: { type: 'string' },
+				saved: { type: 'boolean', description: '데이터베이스 저장 여부' },
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 400,
+		description: '잘못된 URL 또는 요청',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 401,
+		description: '인증 실패',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 500,
+		description: '서버 오류',
+	})
+	async saveContent(
+		@Request() req: AuthRequest,
+		@Body() input: SaveContentInput,
+	): Promise<ScrapedContentOutput & { saved: boolean }> {
+		const fetchInput: FetchContentWithSaveInput = {
+			...input,
+			saveToDatabase: true,
+			userId: req.user.id,
+		};
+
+		const result = await this.puppeteerParseService.fetchContentWithSave(fetchInput);
+		return { ...result, saved: true };
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사전 처리만 테스트 (핸들러 체인 테스트용)
+	 */
+	@Get('pre-handle')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '사전 처리 핸들러 테스트',
+		description:
+			'URL이 어떤 핸들러에 의해 어떻게 변환되는지 테스트합니다. Puppeteer를 사용하지 않고 사전 처리만 수행합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({
+		name: 'url',
+		description: '테스트할 URL',
+		example: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '사전 처리 성공',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				originalUrl: { type: 'string', description: '원본 URL' },
+				finalUrl: { type: 'string', description: '변환된 URL' },
+				title: { type: 'string', description: '추출된 제목' },
+				contentType: { type: 'string', description: '콘텐츠 타입' },
+				contentLength: { type: 'number', description: '콘텐츠 길이' },
+				handlerUsed: { type: 'string', description: '사용된 핸들러 정보' },
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	async preHandle(@Query('url') url: string) {
+		if (!url) {
+			throw new BadRequestException('URL is required');
+		}
+
+		const result = await this.preHandlerService.execute(url);
+
+		return {
+			originalUrl: url,
+			finalUrl: result.url,
+			title: result.title,
+			contentType: result.contentType,
+			contentLength: result.content?.length || 0,
+			handlerUsed: this.determineHandlerUsed(url, result),
+			urlChanged: result.url !== url,
+			hasContent: !!result.content,
+			hasTitle: !!result.title,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 핸들러 테스트용 샘플 URL 목록 제공
+	 */
+	@Get('sample-urls')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '테스트용 샘플 URL 목록',
+		description: '각 핸들러를 테스트할 수 있는 샘플 URL들을 제공합니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiResponse({
+		status: 200,
+		description: '샘플 URL 목록',
+		schema: {
+			type: 'object',
+			properties: {
+				categories: {
+					type: 'object',
+					additionalProperties: {
+						type: 'array',
+						items: { type: 'string' },
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	getSampleUrls() {
+		return {
+			categories: {
+				'PDF 파일': ['https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.00001.pdf', 'https://example.com/document.pdf'],
+				'RSS 피드': ['https://feeds.feedburner.com/TechCrunch', 'https://rss.cnn.com/rss/edition.rss'],
+				YouTube: ['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ', 'https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ'],
+				'소셜 미디어': [
+					'https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1234567890',
+					'https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1234567890',
+					'https://www.instagram.com/p/ABC123/',
+					'https://www.tiktok.com/@user/video/1234567890',
+					'https://www.facebook.com/post/123456789',
+					'https://www.linkedin.com/posts/user_activity-123456789',
+				],
+				'뉴스 사이트': [
+					'https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/01/technology/ai-breakthrough.html',
+					'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/01/01/tech-news/',
+					'https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/01/tech/ai-news/index.html',
+					'https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-12345678',
+					'https://www.reuters.com/technology/ai-breakthrough-2024-01-01/',
+				],
+				'도메인 특화': [
+					'https://medium.com/@author/article-title-123',
+					'https://substack.com/p/article-title',
+					'https://github.com/user/repo/blob/main/README.md',
+					'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence',
+					'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/123456/how-to-code',
+				],
+				'일반 웹사이트': ['https://example.com/article', 'https://blog.example.com/post/123'],
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 스크래핑된 콘텐츠를 HTML로 렌더링해서 브라우저에서 볼 수 있게 함
+	 */
+	@Get('preview')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '스크래핑 콘텐츠 미리보기',
+		description: '스크래핑된 콘텐츠를 HTML 형태로 렌더링하여 브라우저에서 직접 볼 수 있습니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({
+		name: 'url',
+		description: '스크래핑할 URL',
+		example: 'https://example.com/article',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({
+		name: 'mode',
+		description: '미리보기 모드 (content: 콘텐츠만, full: 전체 결과)',
+		enum: ['content', 'full'],
+		required: false,
+		example: 'content',
+	})
+	@Header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+	async previewContent(@Query('url') url: string, @Query('mode') mode: string = 'content', @Res() res: Response) {
+		if (!url) {
+			throw new BadRequestException('URL is required');
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const result = await this.puppeteerParseService.fetchContent({ url });
+
+			if (mode === 'content' && result.content) {
+				// 콘텐츠만 보여주기
+				const html = this.wrapContentInHtml(result.content, result.title, result.finalUrl);
+				res.send(html);
+			} else {
+				// 전체 결과를 JSON 형태로 보여주기
+				const html = this.createResultViewHtml(result, url);
+				res.send(html);
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			const errorHtml = this.createErrorHtml(url, (error as Error).message);
+			res.status(500).send(errorHtml);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사전 처리 결과를 HTML로 미리보기
+	 */
+	@Get('preview-prehandle')
+	@ApiOperation({
+		summary: '사전 처리 결과 미리보기',
+		description: '사전 처리 핸들러들의 결과를 HTML 형태로 보여줍니다.',
+	})
+	@ApiQuery({
+		name: 'url',
+		description: '테스트할 URL',
+		example: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ',
+	})
+	@Header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+	async previewPreHandle(@Query('url') url: string, @Res() res: Response) {
+		if (!url) {
+			throw new BadRequestException('URL is required');
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const result = await this.preHandlerService.execute(url);
+			const handlerUsed = this.determineHandlerUsed(url, result);
+
+			const html = this.createPreHandleViewHtml(url, result, handlerUsed);
+			res.send(html);
+		} catch (error) {
+			const errorHtml = this.createErrorHtml(url, (error as Error).message);
+			res.status(500).send(errorHtml);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 어떤 핸들러가 사용되었는지 추정하는 헬퍼 메서드
+	 */
+	private determineHandlerUsed(originalUrl: string, result: PreHandleResult): string {
+		const url = new URL(originalUrl);
+
+		// PDF 핸들러
+		if (url.pathname.toLowerCase().endsWith('.pdf')) {
+			return 'PdfHandler';
+		}
+
+		// RSS 핸들러
+		if (url.pathname.includes('rss') || url.pathname.includes('feed') || url.pathname.includes('atom')) {
+			return 'RssHandler';
+		}
+
+		// YouTube 핸들러
+		if (url.hostname.includes('youtube.com') || url.hostname.includes('youtu.be')) {
+			return 'YoutubeHandler';
+		}
+
+		// 소셜 미디어 핸들러
+		const socialMediaDomains = [
+			'twitter.com',
+			'x.com',
+			'instagram.com',
+			'tiktok.com',
+			'facebook.com',
+			'linkedin.com',
+		];
+		if (socialMediaDomains.some((domain) => url.hostname.includes(domain))) {
+			return 'SocialMediaHandler';
+		}
+
+		// 뉴스 사이트 핸들러
+		const newsDomains = ['nytimes.com', 'washingtonpost.com', 'cnn.com', 'bbc.com', 'reuters.com'];
+		if (newsDomains.some((domain) => url.hostname.includes(domain))) {
+			return 'NewsSiteHandler';
+		}
+
+		// 도메인 특화 핸들러
+		const domainSpecificDomains = [
+			'medium.com',
+			'substack.com',
+			'github.com',
+			'wikipedia.org',
+			'stackoverflow.com',
+		];
+		if (domainSpecificDomains.some((domain) => url.hostname.includes(domain))) {
+			return 'DomainSpecificHandler';
+		}
+
+		// 기본값
+		return result.content ? 'ReadabilityHandler' : 'No handler matched';
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 콘텐츠를 HTML로 래핑하는 헬퍼 메서드
+	 */
+	private wrapContentInHtml(content: string, title?: string, sourceUrl?: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>${title || 'Scraped Content'}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .header {
+            border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
+            padding-bottom: 20px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .source-url {
+            color: #666;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            word-break: break-all;
+        }
+        .content {
+            color: #333;
+        }
+        .content img {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+        }
+        .content pre {
+            background: #f8f8f8;
+            padding: 15px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            overflow-x: auto;
+        }
+        .content blockquote {
+            border-left: 4px solid #ddd;
+            margin-left: 0;
+            padding-left: 20px;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <div class="header">
+            <h1>${title || 'Scraped Content'}</h1>
+            ${sourceUrl ? `<p class="source-url">출처: <a href="${sourceUrl}" target="_blank">${sourceUrl}</a></p>` : ''}
+        </div>
+        <div class="content">
+            ${content}
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 전체 스크래핑 결과를 보여주는 HTML 생성
+	 */
+	private createResultViewHtml(result: ScrapedContentOutput, originalUrl: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>스크래핑 결과 - ${result.title || 'Unknown'}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 1000px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .metadata {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .metadata h3 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            color: #495057;
+        }
+        .metadata-item {
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+        }
+        .metadata-label {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+        .url-changed {
+            background: #fff3cd;
+            border: 1px solid #ffeaa7;
+            padding: 10px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            margin: 10px 0;
+        }
+        .content-preview {
+            border: 1px solid #ddd;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            max-height: 400px;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            background: #fafafa;
+        }
+        .no-content {
+            color: #999;
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔍 스크래핑 결과</h1>
+        
+        <div class="metadata">
+            <h3>📋 메타데이터</h3>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">원본 URL:</span> 
+                <a href="${originalUrl}" target="_blank">${originalUrl}</a>
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">최종 URL:</span> 
+                <a href="${result.finalUrl}" target="_blank">${result.finalUrl}</a>
+            </div>
+            ${
+				originalUrl !== result.finalUrl
+					? `
+            <div class="url-changed">
+                ⚠️ URL이 변경되었습니다: 사전 처리 핸들러에 의해 URL이 최적화되었습니다.
+            </div>
+            `
+					: ''
+			}
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">제목:</span> ${result.title || '없음'}
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">콘텐츠 타입:</span> ${result.contentType || '없음'}
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">콘텐츠 길이:</span> ${result.content?.length || 0} 문자
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <h3>📄 콘텐츠 미리보기</h3>
+        <div class="content-preview">
+            ${result.content ? result.content : '<p class="no-content">콘텐츠가 없습니다.</p>'}
+        </div>
+
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/scraper/preview?url=${encodeURIComponent(originalUrl)}&mode=content" 
+               style="background: #007bff; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               콘텐츠만 보기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사전 처리 결과를 HTML로 미리보기
+	 */
+	private createPreHandleViewHtml(originalUrl: string, result: PreHandleResult, handlerUsed: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>사전 처리 결과 - ${handlerUsed}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 1000px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .handler-badge {
+            display: inline-block;
+            background: #28a745;
+            color: white;
+            padding: 5px 15px;
+            border-radius: 20px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            margin-bottom: 20px;
+        }
+        .result-grid {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+            gap: 20px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .result-item {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 15px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+        }
+        .result-label {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: #495057;
+            margin-bottom: 5px;
+        }
+        .url-comparison {
+            background: #e9ecef;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+        .url-item {
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+            word-break: break-all;
+        }
+        .url-changed {
+            background: #d4edda;
+            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
+            color: #155724;
+        }
+        .url-unchanged {
+            background: #f8d7da;
+            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
+            color: #721c24;
+        }
+        .content-preview {
+            border: 1px solid #ddd;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            max-height: 300px;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            background: #fafafa;
+        }
+        .no-content {
+            color: #999;
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔧 사전 처리 결과</h1>
+        
+        <div class="handler-badge">${handlerUsed}</div>
+        
+        <div class="result-grid">
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">제목</div>
+                <div>${result.title || '없음'}</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">콘텐츠 타입</div>
+                <div>${result.contentType || '없음'}</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">콘텐츠 길이</div>
+                <div>${result.content?.length || 0} 문자</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">URL 변경 여부</div>
+                <div>${originalUrl !== result.url ? '✅ 변경됨' : '❌ 변경되지 않음'}</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="url-comparison ${originalUrl !== result.url ? 'url-changed' : 'url-unchanged'}">
+            <h3>📍 URL 비교</h3>
+            <div class="url-item">
+                <strong>원본:</strong> ${originalUrl}
+            </div>
+            <div class="url-item">
+                <strong>결과:</strong> ${result.url}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        ${
+			result.content
+				? `
+        <h3>📄 콘텐츠 미리보기</h3>
+        <div class="content-preview">
+            ${result.content}
+        </div>
+        `
+				: ''
+		}
+
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/scraper/preview?url=${encodeURIComponent(originalUrl)}" 
+               style="background: #007bff; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px; margin-right: 10px;">
+               전체 스크래핑 보기
+            </a>
+            <a href="/api" 
+               style="background: #6c757d; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               Swagger로 돌아가기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 오류 HTML 생성
+	 */
+	private createErrorHtml(url: string, errorMessage: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>오류 발생</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .error {
+            background: #f8d7da;
+            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
+            color: #721c24;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>❌ 오류 발생</h1>
+        <p><strong>URL:</strong> ${url}</p>
+        <div class="error">
+            <strong>오류 메시지:</strong><br>
+            ${errorMessage}
+        </div>
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/api" 
+               style="background: #6c757d; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               Swagger로 돌아가기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/scraper.module.ts b/src/modules/scraper/scraper.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aafa55c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/scraper.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BrowserService } from './services/browser.service';
+import { PuppeteerParseService } from './services/puppeteer-parse.service';
+import { PreHandlerModule } from '../pre-handler/pre-handler.module';
+import { ArticleModule } from '../article/article.module';
+import { ScraperController } from './scraper.controller';
+import { ContentQualityEvaluator } from './services/content-quality-evaluator';
+import { SecurityModule } from '../security/security.module';
+
+@Module({
+	imports: [PreHandlerModule, ArticleModule, SecurityModule],
+	controllers: [ScraperController],
+	providers: [BrowserService, PuppeteerParseService, ContentQualityEvaluator],
+	exports: [PuppeteerParseService],
+})
+export class ScraperModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/services/browser.service.ts b/src/modules/scraper/services/browser.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3090b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/services/browser.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, OnApplicationShutdown } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-extra';
+import { Browser } from 'puppeteer-core';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class BrowserService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(BrowserService.name);
+	private browser: Browser | null = null;
+
+	constructor(private readonly configService: ConfigService) {
+		this.initializePlugins();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 플러그인을 안전하게 초기화합니다.
+	 */
+	private initializePlugins(): void {
+		try {
+			// 동적 임포트를 사용한 안전한 플러그인 로딩
+			const usePlugins = this.configService.get<boolean>('USE_BROWSER_PLUGINS', false);
+
+			if (usePlugins) {
+				this.loadPluginsSafely();
+			} else {
+				this.logger.log('Browser plugins disabled by configuration');
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn('Failed to initialize browser plugins, running without plugins:', error);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 플러그인을 안전하게 로드합니다.
+	 */
+	/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-argument, @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports */
+	private loadPluginsSafely(): void {
+		try {
+			const StealthPlugin = require('puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth');
+			const AdblockerPlugin = require('puppeteer-extra-plugin-adblocker');
+
+			// 플러그인이 함수인지 확인
+			if (typeof StealthPlugin === 'function') {
+				puppeteer.use(StealthPlugin());
+				this.logger.log('StealthPlugin loaded successfully');
+			} else if (StealthPlugin?.default && typeof StealthPlugin.default === 'function') {
+				puppeteer.use(StealthPlugin.default());
+				this.logger.log('StealthPlugin loaded successfully (default export)');
+			}
+
+			if (typeof AdblockerPlugin === 'function') {
+				puppeteer.use(AdblockerPlugin({ blockTrackers: true }));
+				this.logger.log('AdblockerPlugin loaded successfully');
+			} else if (AdblockerPlugin?.default && typeof AdblockerPlugin.default === 'function') {
+				puppeteer.use(AdblockerPlugin.default({ blockTrackers: true }));
+				this.logger.log('AdblockerPlugin loaded successfully (default export)');
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn('Failed to load browser plugins:', error);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Puppeteer(Chrome) 브라우저 싱글턴을 반환합니다.
+	 */
+	async getBrowser(): Promise<Browser> {
+		if (this.browser) {
+			return this.browser;
+		}
+
+		const executablePath = this.configService.get<string>('app.BROWSER_PATH');
+
+		this.logger.log('Starting Puppeteer (Chrome) browser...');
+
+		this.browser = (await puppeteer.launch({
+			args: [
+				'--autoplay-policy=user-gesture-required',
+				'--disable-component-update',
+				'--disable-domain-reliability',
+				'--disable-print-preview',
+				'--disable-setuid-sandbox',
+				'--disable-speech-api',
+				'--enable-features=SharedArrayBuffer',
+				'--hide-scrollbars',
+				'--mute-audio',
+				'--no-default-browser-check',
+				'--no-pings',
+				'--no-sandbox',
+				'--no-zygote',
+				'--disable-extensions',
+				'--disable-dev-shm-usage',
+				'--no-first-run',
+				'--disable-background-networking',
+				'--disable-gpu',
+				'--disable-software-rasterizer',
+				// 동시성 제한 추가
+				'--max-web-media-player-count=1',
+				'--disable-features=TranslateUI',
+				'--disable-ipc-flooding-protection',
+			],
+			defaultViewport: {
+				deviceScaleFactor: 1,
+				hasTouch: false,
+				height: 1080,
+				isLandscape: true,
+				isMobile: false,
+				width: 1920,
+			},
+			executablePath,
+			headless: true,
+			timeout: 30_000,
+		})) as unknown as Browser;
+
+		const version = await this.browser.version();
+		this.logger.log(`Browser started: ${version}`);
+
+		// 비정상 종료 시 자동 재연결
+		this.browser.on('disconnected', () => {
+			void this.handleDisconnection();
+		});
+
+		return this.browser;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 브라우저가 끊어졌을 때 재연결을 시도합니다.
+	 */
+	private async handleDisconnection(): Promise<void> {
+		this.logger.warn('Browser disconnected, reconnecting...');
+		this.browser = null;
+		await this.getBrowser();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Nest 애플리케이션 종료 훅
+	 */
+	async onApplicationShutdown(): Promise<void> {
+		await this.closeBrowser();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 브라우저를 안전하게 종료합니다.
+	 */
+	async closeBrowser(): Promise<void> {
+		if (!this.browser) {
+			this.logger.log('No browser instance to close');
+			return;
+		}
+
+		this.logger.log('Closing browser...');
+		try {
+			await this.browser.close();
+			this.logger.log('Browser closed successfully');
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.error('Error closing browser', error as Error);
+		} finally {
+			this.browser = null;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/services/content-quality-evaluator.ts b/src/modules/scraper/services/content-quality-evaluator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc72c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/services/content-quality-evaluator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export interface ContentQualityMetrics {
+	characterCount: number;
+	paragraphCount: number;
+	linkDensity: number;
+	readabilityScore: number;
+	isProbablyReadable: boolean;
+	textLength: number;
+	sentenceCount: number;
+	wordCount: number;
+	averageSentenceLength: number;
+	contentStructure: ContentStructure;
+}
+
+export interface ContentStructure {
+	hasHeadings: boolean;
+	hasLists: boolean;
+	hasImages: boolean;
+	hasCodeBlocks: boolean;
+	structureScore: number;
+}
+
+export interface ContentQualityOptions {
+	charThreshold?: number;
+	minContentLength?: number;
+	minScore?: number;
+	minParagraphs?: number;
+	maxLinkDensity?: number;
+	siteSpecific?: SiteSpecificOptions;
+}
+
+export interface SiteSpecificOptions {
+	socialMedia?: boolean;
+	newsSite?: boolean;
+	blog?: boolean;
+	documentation?: boolean;
+	shortForm?: boolean;
+}
+
+const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Required<Omit<ContentQualityOptions, 'siteSpecific'>> = {
+	charThreshold: 150,
+	minContentLength: 50,
+	minScore: 8,
+	minParagraphs: 1,
+	maxLinkDensity: 0.5,
+};
+
+const SITE_SPECIFIC_OPTIONS: Record<string, Partial<ContentQualityOptions>> = {
+	// 소셜 미디어 (짧은 포스트)
+	'twitter.com': { charThreshold: 30, minContentLength: 10, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.8 },
+	'x.com': { charThreshold: 30, minContentLength: 10, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.8 },
+	'instagram.com': { charThreshold: 30, minContentLength: 10, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.8 },
+	'facebook.com': { charThreshold: 50, minContentLength: 20, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.7 },
+	// 뉴스 사이트 (긴 기사)
+	'news.naver.com': { charThreshold: 200, minContentLength: 80, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+	'news.daum.net': { charThreshold: 200, minContentLength: 80, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+	'bbc.com': { charThreshold: 200, minContentLength: 80, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+	// 블로그 플랫폼 - 티스토리 기준 완화
+	'medium.com': { charThreshold: 100, minContentLength: 40, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.5 },
+	'tistory.com': { charThreshold: 50, minContentLength: 20, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.8, minScore: 5 },
+	'brunch.co.kr': { charThreshold: 100, minContentLength: 40, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.5 },
+	// 개발자 문서
+	'github.com': { charThreshold: 50, minContentLength: 20, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.7 },
+	'stackoverflow.com': { charThreshold: 50, minContentLength: 20, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.7 },
+	'developer.mozilla.org': { charThreshold: 100, minContentLength: 40, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.5 },
+	// 뉴스레터
+	'substack.com': { charThreshold: 150, minContentLength: 60, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+	'maily.so': { charThreshold: 150, minContentLength: 60, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+	'stibee.com': { charThreshold: 150, minContentLength: 60, minParagraphs: 1, maxLinkDensity: 0.4 },
+};
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ContentQualityEvaluator {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(ContentQualityEvaluator.name);
+
+	/**
+	 * 컨텐츠 품질을 종합적으로 평가합니다.
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @param html 원본 HTML
+	 * @param options 품질 평가 옵션
+	 * @param url 평가 대상 URL (사이트별 기준 적용용)
+	 * @returns ContentQualityMetrics
+	 */
+	evaluate(content: string, html: string, options: ContentQualityOptions = {}, url?: string): ContentQualityMetrics {
+		// 사이트별 옵션 적용
+		const siteSpecificOptions = this.getSiteSpecificOptions(url);
+		const opts = { ...DEFAULT_OPTIONS, ...siteSpecificOptions, ...options };
+
+		// 기본 메트릭 계산
+		const characterCount = content.length;
+		const textLength = this.extractTextLength(content);
+		const paragraphCount = this.countParagraphs(content);
+		const linkCount = this.countLinks(html);
+		const linkDensity = this.calculateLinkDensity(linkCount, paragraphCount);
+
+		// 고급 메트릭 계산
+		const sentenceCount = this.countSentences(content);
+		const wordCount = this.countWords(content);
+		const averageSentenceLength = sentenceCount > 0 ? wordCount / sentenceCount : 0;
+
+		// 구조 분석
+		const contentStructure = this.analyzeContentStructure(content);
+
+		// 개선된 가독성 점수 계산
+		const readabilityScore = this.calculateReadabilityScore({
+			textLength,
+			sentenceCount,
+			wordCount,
+			averageSentenceLength,
+			contentStructure,
+		});
+
+		// 품질 판정
+		const isProbablyReadable = this.isContentReadable(
+			{
+				characterCount,
+				textLength,
+				readabilityScore,
+				paragraphCount,
+				linkDensity,
+				contentStructure,
+			},
+			opts,
+		);
+
+		const metrics: ContentQualityMetrics = {
+			characterCount,
+			paragraphCount,
+			linkDensity,
+			readabilityScore,
+			isProbablyReadable,
+			textLength,
+			sentenceCount,
+			wordCount,
+			averageSentenceLength,
+			contentStructure,
+		};
+
+		this.logger.debug(`Quality evaluation: ${JSON.stringify(metrics)}`);
+		return metrics;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Puppeteer 사용 여부를 결정합니다.
+	 * @param metrics 품질 메트릭
+	 * @param options 품질 옵션
+	 * @param url 대상 URL
+	 * @returns boolean
+	 */
+	shouldUsePuppeteer(metrics: ContentQualityMetrics, options: ContentQualityOptions = {}, url?: string): boolean {
+		const siteSpecificOptions = this.getSiteSpecificOptions(url);
+		const opts = { ...DEFAULT_OPTIONS, ...siteSpecificOptions, ...options };
+
+		return (
+			metrics.characterCount < opts.charThreshold ||
+			metrics.readabilityScore < opts.minScore ||
+			metrics.paragraphCount < opts.minParagraphs ||
+			metrics.linkDensity > opts.maxLinkDensity ||
+			metrics.textLength < opts.minContentLength
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 사이트별 품질 기준을 가져옵니다.
+	 * @param url 대상 URL
+	 * @returns 사이트별 옵션
+	 */
+	private getSiteSpecificOptions(url?: string): Partial<ContentQualityOptions> {
+		if (!url) return {};
+
+		try {
+			const hostname = new URL(url).hostname;
+			for (const [domain, options] of Object.entries(SITE_SPECIFIC_OPTIONS)) {
+				if (hostname.includes(domain)) {
+					this.logger.debug(`Applied site-specific options for ${domain}`);
+					return options;
+				}
+			}
+		} catch {
+			this.logger.warn(`Failed to parse URL for site-specific options: ${url}`);
+		}
+
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 텍스트 길이를 추출합니다 (HTML 태그 제거).
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns 텍스트 길이
+	 */
+	private extractTextLength(content: string): number {
+		return content.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '').trim().length;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 단락 수를 계산합니다 (개선된 방식).
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns 단락 수
+	 */
+	private countParagraphs(content: string): number {
+		// <p> 태그, <div> 태그, <br> 태그 등을 고려
+		const paragraphTags = (content.match(/<p[\s>]/gi) || []).length;
+		const divTags = (content.match(/<div[\s>]/gi) || []).length;
+		const brTags = (content.match(/<br\s*\/?>(?!\s*<br)/gi) || []).length;
+
+		// 단락 구분자로 사용되는 요소들
+		const paragraphBreaks = Math.max(paragraphTags, divTags / 2, brTags / 2);
+
+		// 최소 1개 단락 보장
+		return Math.max(1, paragraphBreaks);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 링크 수를 계산합니다.
+	 * @param html HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns 링크 수
+	 */
+	private countLinks(html: string): number {
+		return (html.match(/<a[\s>]/gi) || []).length;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 링크 밀도를 계산합니다 (오류 수정).
+	 * @param linkCount 링크 수
+	 * @param paragraphCount 단락 수
+	 * @returns 링크 밀도
+	 */
+	private calculateLinkDensity(linkCount: number, paragraphCount: number): number {
+		if (paragraphCount === 0) return 0;
+		return linkCount / paragraphCount;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 문장 수를 계산합니다.
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns 문장 수
+	 */
+	private countSentences(content: string): number {
+		const text = content.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '');
+		const sentences = text.split(/[.!?]+/).filter((s) => s.trim().length > 0);
+		return sentences.length;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 단어 수를 계산합니다.
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns 단어 수
+	 */
+	private countWords(content: string): number {
+		const text = content.replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '');
+		return text.split(/\s+/).filter((w) => w.trim().length > 0).length;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 컨텐츠 구조를 분석합니다.
+	 * @param content HTML 컨텐츠
+	 * @returns ContentStructure
+	 */
+	private analyzeContentStructure(content: string): ContentStructure {
+		const hasHeadings = /<h[1-6][\s>]/i.test(content);
+		const hasLists = /<(ul|ol)[\s>]/i.test(content);
+		const hasImages = /<img[\s>]/i.test(content);
+		const hasCodeBlocks = /<(pre|code)[\s>]/i.test(content);
+
+		// 구조 점수 계산 (0-100)
+		let structureScore = 0;
+		if (hasHeadings) structureScore += 25;
+		if (hasLists) structureScore += 20;
+		if (hasImages) structureScore += 15;
+		if (hasCodeBlocks) structureScore += 10;
+
+		// 기본 구조 점수
+		structureScore += 30;
+
+		return {
+			hasHeadings,
+			hasLists,
+			hasImages,
+			hasCodeBlocks,
+			structureScore: Math.min(100, structureScore),
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 개선된 가독성 점수를 계산합니다.
+	 * @param metrics 텍스트 메트릭
+	 * @returns 가독성 점수
+	 */
+	private calculateReadabilityScore(metrics: {
+		textLength: number;
+		sentenceCount: number;
+		wordCount: number;
+		averageSentenceLength: number;
+		contentStructure: ContentStructure;
+	}): number {
+		const { textLength, sentenceCount, averageSentenceLength, contentStructure } = metrics;
+		// 기본 점수 (텍스트 길이 기반)
+		let score = Math.round(textLength / 10); // 10자당 1점으로 상향
+		// 문장 구조 점수
+		if (sentenceCount > 0) {
+			if (averageSentenceLength >= 8 && averageSentenceLength <= 30) {
+				score += 10;
+			} else if (averageSentenceLength > 30) {
+				score -= 5;
+			}
+		}
+		// 구조 점수 반영 (헤딩/리스트/이미지/코드블록 가중치)
+		if (contentStructure.hasHeadings) score += 5;
+		if (contentStructure.hasLists) score += 3;
+		if (contentStructure.hasImages) score += 2;
+		if (contentStructure.hasCodeBlocks) score += 2;
+		score += Math.round(contentStructure.structureScore / 10);
+		// 의미 기반 점수: 문장수와 텍스트 길이의 곱의 루트
+		if (sentenceCount > 0 && textLength > 0) {
+			score += Math.round(Math.sqrt(sentenceCount * textLength) / 10);
+		}
+		return Math.max(0, score);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 컨텐츠가 읽기 쉬운지 판정합니다.
+	 * @param metrics 품질 메트릭
+	 * @param options 품질 옵션
+	 * @returns boolean
+	 */
+	private isContentReadable(
+		metrics: {
+			characterCount: number;
+			textLength: number;
+			readabilityScore: number;
+			paragraphCount: number;
+			linkDensity: number;
+			contentStructure: ContentStructure;
+		},
+		options: Required<Omit<ContentQualityOptions, 'siteSpecific'>>,
+	): boolean {
+		return (
+			metrics.characterCount >= options.charThreshold &&
+			metrics.textLength >= options.minContentLength &&
+			metrics.readabilityScore >= options.minScore &&
+			metrics.paragraphCount >= options.minParagraphs &&
+			metrics.linkDensity <= options.maxLinkDensity
+		);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/services/puppeteer-parse.service.ts b/src/modules/scraper/services/puppeteer-parse.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ea7f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/services/puppeteer-parse.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { BrowserContext, Page, Protocol } from 'puppeteer-core';
+import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
+import { Readability } from '@mozilla/readability';
+import { BrowserService } from './browser.service';
+import { FetchContentInput } from '../dto/fetch-content.input';
+import { ScrapedContentOutput } from '../dto/scraped-content.output';
+import { InvalidUrlException } from '../exceptions/invalid-url.exception';
+import { PreHandlerService } from '../../pre-handler/pre-handler.service';
+import { ArticleService } from '../../article/services/article.service';
+import { ContentQualityEvaluator } from './content-quality-evaluator';
+import { SecurityService } from '../../security/services/security.service';
+
+// ---------------------- CONSTANTS ----------------------
+const NON_SCRIPT_HOSTS = ['medium.com', 'fastcompany.com', 'fortelabs.com'] as const;
+const ALLOWED_CONTENT_TYPES = ['text/html', 'application/octet-stream', 'text/plain', 'application/pdf'] as const;
+
+// Interfaces used by the service (kept outside the class for clarity)
+export interface RetrievePageParams {
+	url: string;
+	locale?: string;
+	timezone?: string;
+}
+
+export interface RetrievePageResult {
+	page?: Page;
+	context: BrowserContext;
+	finalUrl: string;
+	contentType: string;
+}
+
+export interface FetchContentWithSaveInput extends FetchContentInput {
+	userId?: string;
+	saveToDatabase?: boolean;
+	tags?: string[];
+	isBookmarked?: boolean;
+	isArchived?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Service responsible for fetching and parsing remote HTML / PDF content using Puppeteer.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class PuppeteerParseService {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(PuppeteerParseService.name);
+
+	constructor(
+		private readonly browserService: BrowserService,
+		private readonly preHandlerService: PreHandlerService,
+		private readonly articleService: ArticleService,
+		private readonly contentQualityEvaluator: ContentQualityEvaluator,
+		private readonly securityService: SecurityService,
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch readable content from the given URL.
+	 */
+	async fetchContent({ url, locale, timezone }: FetchContentInput): Promise<ScrapedContentOutput> {
+		// 1. URL 정규화 및 보안 검사 (모든 요청의 시작점)
+		const normalizedUrl = this.normalizeUrl(url);
+		await this.securityService.checkUrlSafety(normalizedUrl);
+
+		// 2. Pre-handling (Fast Path)
+		const preHandleResult = await this.preHandlerService.execute(normalizedUrl);
+
+		// PDF 같은 특수 콘텐츠는 여기서 처리하고 바로 반환
+		if (preHandleResult.contentType === 'application/pdf') {
+			this.logger.log(`PDF content detected. Skipping further processing for: ${preHandleResult.url}`);
+			return {
+				finalUrl: preHandleResult.url,
+				title: preHandleResult.title,
+				content: preHandleResult.content,
+				contentType: preHandleResult.contentType,
+			};
+		}
+
+		let finalContent = preHandleResult.content;
+		let finalTitle = preHandleResult.title;
+		let finalUrl = preHandleResult.url;
+		let finalContentType = preHandleResult.contentType;
+
+		// 3. 품질 평가 및 Puppeteer 폴백 결정
+		// Pre-handler가 HTML을 제공했거나, 아무것도 제공하지 못한 경우 Puppeteer 사용을 고려
+		let needsPuppeteer = !finalContent;
+		if (finalContent && finalContentType?.includes('html')) {
+			const qualityMetrics = this.contentQualityEvaluator.evaluate(finalContent, finalContent, {}, finalUrl);
+			if (this.contentQualityEvaluator.shouldUsePuppeteer(qualityMetrics, {}, finalUrl)) {
+				needsPuppeteer = true;
+				this.logger.log(`Content quality is low. Falling back to Puppeteer for: ${finalUrl}`);
+			} else {
+				this.logger.log(`Content quality is sufficient. Using pre-handled content for: ${finalUrl}`);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// 4. Puppeteer 실행 (Slow Path)
+		if (needsPuppeteer) {
+			this.logger.log(`Executing Puppeteer fallback for: ${finalUrl}`);
+			const puppeteerResult = await this.runPuppeteerScraping({ url: finalUrl, locale, timezone });
+
+			// Puppeteer 결과를 최종 결과로 사용 (Readability는 나중에 일괄 적용)
+			finalContent = puppeteerResult.content;
+			finalTitle = finalTitle || puppeteerResult.title; // Pre-handler 타이틀이 있으면 유지
+			finalUrl = puppeteerResult.finalUrl;
+			finalContentType = puppeteerResult.contentType;
+		}
+
+		// 5. 최종 정제 (Readability)
+		// HTML 콘텐츠가 있는 경우, 항상 Readability를 적용하여 일관된 품질의 본문 추출
+		if (finalContent && finalContentType?.includes('html')) {
+			finalContent = await this.applyReadabilityToHtml(finalContent, finalUrl);
+		}
+
+		return {
+			finalUrl,
+			title: finalTitle,
+			content: finalContent,
+			contentType: finalContentType,
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch content and optionally save to database.
+	 */
+	async fetchContentWithSave(input: FetchContentWithSaveInput): Promise<ScrapedContentOutput> {
+		const { userId, saveToDatabase, tags, isBookmarked, isArchived, ...fetchInput } = input;
+
+		// 일반 스크래핑 수행
+		const scrapedContent = await this.fetchContent(fetchInput);
+
+		// 데이터베이스 저장 옵션이 활성화된 경우
+		if (saveToDatabase && userId) {
+			try {
+				await this.articleService.saveScrapedContent(userId, scrapedContent, {
+					tags,
+					isBookmarked,
+					isArchived,
+				});
+			} catch (error) {
+				this.logger.warn(`Failed to save content to database: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+				// 저장 실패해도 스크래핑 결과는 반환
+			}
+		}
+
+		return scrapedContent;
+	}
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------
+	// ------------------ PRIVATE HELPERS ----------------
+	// ----------------------------------------------------
+
+	private normalizeUrl(raw: string): string {
+		const extracted = this.tryParseUrl(raw);
+		if (!extracted) throw new InvalidUrlException('value is empty');
+		this.validateUrl(extracted);
+		return new URL(extracted).href;
+	}
+
+	private tryParseUrl(str: string): string | null {
+		const match = /(https?:\/\/[^\s]+)/i.exec(str);
+		return match?.[0] ?? null;
+	}
+
+	private validateUrl(url: string): void {
+		const parsed = new URL(url);
+		if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(parsed.protocol)) {
+			throw new InvalidUrlException('protocol must be http/https');
+		}
+		if (['localhost', '0.0.0.0'].includes(parsed.hostname)) {
+			throw new InvalidUrlException('localhost not allowed');
+		}
+		if (/^(10|172\.16|192\.168)\./.test(parsed.hostname)) {
+			throw new InvalidUrlException('private ip not allowed');
+		}
+	}
+
+	private enableJavascriptForUrl(targetUrl: string): boolean {
+		try {
+			const host = new URL(targetUrl).hostname;
+			return !NON_SCRIPT_HOSTS.some((h) => host.endsWith(h));
+		} catch {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// -------------------- Puppeteer --------------------
+
+	private async retrievePage({ url, locale, timezone }: RetrievePageParams): Promise<RetrievePageResult> {
+		const browser = await this.browserService.getBrowser();
+		const context = await browser.createBrowserContext();
+		const page = await context.newPage();
+
+		// 웹페이지의 모든 콘솔 출력과 에러를 완전히 억제
+		page.on('console', () => {
+			// 아무 동작도 하지 않음 (출력 억제)
+			return;
+		});
+
+		// 페이지 에러 이벤트도 억제
+		page.on('pageerror', () => {
+			// 아무 동작도 하지 않음 (에러 출력 억제)
+			return;
+		});
+
+		// 웹소켓 에러도 억제
+		page.on('error', () => {
+			// 아무 동작도 하지 않음 (에러 출력 억제)
+			return;
+		});
+
+		// 브라우저 콘솔 에러도 억제
+		page.on('crash', () => {
+			// 아무 동작도 하지 않음 (크래시 출력 억제)
+			return;
+		});
+
+		// 페이지 내부에서 발생하는 모든 에러를 억제하기 위한 스크립트 주입
+		await page.evaluateOnNewDocument(() => {
+			// console 메서드들을 무시하도록 재정의
+			console.log = () => {};
+			console.error = () => {};
+			console.warn = () => {};
+			console.info = () => {};
+			console.debug = () => {};
+
+			// window.onerror를 무시하도록 설정
+			window.onerror = () => true;
+
+			// unhandledrejection 이벤트도 무시
+			window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (e) => {
+				e.preventDefault();
+			});
+
+			// adsbygoogle 관련 에러 억제
+			if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+				const w = window as unknown as { adsbygoogle: Array<unknown> };
+				w.adsbygoogle = w.adsbygoogle || [];
+				// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars, @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-type-assertion
+				(w.adsbygoogle as unknown[]).push = (..._items: unknown[]): number => 0;
+			}
+		});
+
+		if (!this.enableJavascriptForUrl(url)) {
+			await page.setJavaScriptEnabled(false);
+		}
+		if (locale) await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders({ 'Accept-Language': locale });
+		if (timezone && process.env['USE_FIREFOX'] !== 'true') {
+			await page.emulateTimezone(timezone);
+		}
+
+		await this.setupNetworkInterception(page);
+
+		const response = await page.goto(url, { timeout: 30_000, waitUntil: ['load'] });
+		if (!response) throw new Error('no response from page');
+
+		await this.waitForDomToSettle(page);
+
+		return {
+			page,
+			context,
+			finalUrl: response.url(),
+			contentType: response.headers()['content-type'] ?? 'text/html',
+		};
+	}
+
+	private async setupNetworkInterception(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+		// Request interception 활성화 (page-level)
+		await page.setRequestInterception(true);
+
+		const client = await page.createCDPSession();
+
+		// PDF / MIME type blocking
+		await client.send('Network.setRequestInterception', {
+			patterns: [
+				{
+					urlPattern: '*',
+					resourceType: 'Document',
+					interceptionStage: 'HeadersReceived',
+				},
+			],
+		});
+
+		client.on('Network.requestIntercepted', (e: Protocol.Network.RequestInterceptedEvent) => {
+			void (async () => {
+				const headers = e.responseHeaders ?? {};
+				const ctype = (headers['content-type'] ?? headers['Content-Type'] ?? '').split(';')[0].toLowerCase();
+				const shouldBlock =
+					ctype && !ALLOWED_CONTENT_TYPES.includes(ctype as (typeof ALLOWED_CONTENT_TYPES)[number]);
+
+				await client.send('Network.continueInterceptedRequest', {
+					interceptionId: e.interceptionId,
+					...(shouldBlock ? { errorReason: 'BlockedByClient' } : {}),
+				});
+			})();
+		});
+
+		// request-level abort rules
+		const failed = new Set<string>();
+		page.on('request', (req) => {
+			void (async () => {
+				if (req.isInterceptResolutionHandled()) return;
+				const url = req.url().toLowerCase();
+				if (url.endsWith('.woff2') || url.includes('mathjax') || failed.has(url)) {
+					await req.abort();
+					return;
+				}
+				await req.continue();
+			})();
+		});
+
+		page.on('response', (res) => {
+			if (!res.ok()) failed.add(res.url());
+		});
+	}
+
+	private async waitForDomToSettle(page: Page, timeoutMs = 5_000, debounceMs = 1_000): Promise<void> {
+		await page.evaluate(
+			(tout, deb) => {
+				const debounce = (fn: () => void, ms: number) => {
+					let t: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
+					return () => {
+						clearTimeout(t);
+						t = setTimeout(fn, ms);
+					};
+				};
+				return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+					const mainT = setTimeout(() => {
+						obs.disconnect();
+						resolve();
+					}, tout);
+
+					const obs = new MutationObserver(
+						debounce(() => {
+							clearTimeout(mainT);
+							obs.disconnect();
+							resolve();
+						}, deb),
+					);
+					obs.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true });
+				});
+			},
+			timeoutMs,
+			debounceMs,
+		);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------ HTML extraction ----------------
+
+	private async retrieveHtml(page: Page): Promise<{ title?: string; content: string }> {
+		const title = await page.title();
+		await page.waitForSelector('body');
+
+		await Promise.race([this.autoScroll(page), new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 5_000))]);
+
+		const domContent = await page.evaluate(() => document.documentElement.outerHTML);
+		return { title, content: domContent };
+	}
+
+	private async autoScroll(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+		await page.evaluate(async () => {
+			await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+				let total = 0;
+				const distance = 500;
+				const timer = setInterval(() => {
+					window.scrollBy(0, distance);
+					total += distance;
+					if (total >= document.body.scrollHeight) {
+						clearInterval(timer);
+						resolve();
+					}
+				}, 10);
+			});
+		});
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * HTML 콘텐츠에 Readability를 적용하여 본문만 추출합니다.
+	 * @param html - 전체 HTML 콘텐츠
+	 * @param url - 원본 URL (상대 링크 처리용)
+	 * @returns 정제된 콘텐츠 또는 원본 HTML (실패 시)
+	 */
+	private applyReadabilityToHtml(html: string, url: string): Promise<string> {
+		try {
+			const dom = new JSDOM(html, { url });
+			const reader = new Readability(dom.window.document);
+			const article = reader.parse();
+
+			if (article?.content) {
+				this.logger.log(`Successfully extracted readable content from HTML (${article.content.length} chars)`);
+				return Promise.resolve(article.content);
+			} else {
+				this.logger.warn(`Readability failed to extract content from HTML, using original`);
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			this.logger.warn(`Failed to apply Readability to HTML: ${(error as Error).message}`);
+		}
+
+		// 실패 시 원본 반환
+		return Promise.resolve(html);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Executes the Puppeteer scraping process.
+	 * This includes navigating to the page, extracting HTML, and closing resources.
+	 * @param params Parameters for page retrieval.
+	 * @returns The scraped content, not yet processed by Readability.
+	 */
+	private async runPuppeteerScraping(params: RetrievePageParams): Promise<ScrapedContentOutput> {
+		const pageResult = await this.retrievePage(params);
+
+		// SSRF 방어 강화: 리다이렉트 후 최종 URL 재검증
+		this.validateUrl(pageResult.finalUrl);
+		await this.securityService.checkUrlSafety(pageResult.finalUrl); // 리다이렉트된 URL도 재검증
+
+		let content: string | undefined;
+		let title: string | undefined;
+
+		if (pageResult.page) {
+			const html = await this.retrieveHtml(pageResult.page);
+			title = html.title;
+			content = html.content; // Readability는 상위 스코프에서 일괄 적용
+		}
+
+		await pageResult.context?.close();
+
+		return {
+			finalUrl: pageResult.finalUrl,
+			title,
+			content,
+			contentType: pageResult.contentType,
+		};
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/scraper/services/scraper-preview.service.ts b/src/modules/scraper/services/scraper-preview.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab94364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/scraper/services/scraper-preview.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ScrapedContentOutput } from '../dto/scraped-content.output';
+import { PreHandleResult } from '../../pre-handler/dto/pre-handle-result.dto';
+
+/**
+ * Service responsible for generating HTML previews for scraped content.
+ */
+@Injectable()
+export class ScraperPreviewService {
+	/**
+	 * Renders the full scraping result into an HTML page.
+	 * @param result The scraped content output.
+	 * @param originalUrl The original URL requested by the user.
+	 * @returns An HTML string.
+	 */
+	public createResultViewHtml(result: ScrapedContentOutput, originalUrl: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>스크래핑 결과 - ${result.title || 'Unknown'}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 1000px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .metadata {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .metadata h3 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            color: #495057;
+        }
+        .metadata-item {
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+        }
+        .metadata-label {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+        .url-changed {
+            background: #fff3cd;
+            border: 1px solid #ffeaa7;
+            padding: 10px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            margin: 10px 0;
+        }
+        .content-preview {
+            border: 1px solid #ddd;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            max-height: 400px;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            background: #fafafa;
+        }
+        .no-content {
+            color: #999;
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔍 스크래핑 결과</h1>
+        
+        <div class="metadata">
+            <h3>📋 메타데이터</h3>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">원본 URL:</span> 
+                <a href="${originalUrl}" target="_blank">${originalUrl}</a>
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">최종 URL:</span> 
+                <a href="${result.finalUrl}" target="_blank">${result.finalUrl}</a>
+            </div>
+            ${
+				originalUrl !== result.finalUrl
+					? `
+            <div class="url-changed">
+                ⚠️ URL이 변경되었습니다.
+            </div>
+            `
+					: ''
+			}
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">제목:</span> ${result.title || '없음'}
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">콘텐츠 타입:</span> ${result.contentType || '없음'}
+            </div>
+            <div class="metadata-item">
+                <span class="metadata-label">콘텐츠 길이:</span> ${result.content?.length || 0} 문자
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <h3>📄 콘텐츠 미리보기</h3>
+        <div class="content-preview">
+            ${result.content ? result.content : '<p class="no-content">콘텐츠가 없습니다.</p>'}
+        </div>
+
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/scraper/preview?url=${encodeURIComponent(originalUrl)}&mode=content" 
+               style="background: #007bff; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               콘텐츠만 보기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders only the extracted content into a clean HTML page.
+	 * @param content The extracted HTML content.
+	 * @param title The page title.
+	 * @param sourceUrl The final URL of the content.
+	 * @returns An HTML string.
+	 */
+	public wrapContentInHtml(content: string, title?: string, sourceUrl?: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>${title || 'Scraped Content'}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .header {
+            border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
+            padding-bottom: 20px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .source-url {
+            color: #666;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            word-break: break-all;
+        }
+        .content {
+            color: #333;
+        }
+        .content img {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+        }
+        .content pre {
+            background: #f8f8f8;
+            padding: 15px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            overflow-x: auto;
+        }
+        .content blockquote {
+            border-left: 4px solid #ddd;
+            margin-left: 0;
+            padding-left: 20px;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <div class="header">
+            <h1>${title || 'Scraped Content'}</h1>
+            ${sourceUrl ? `<p class="source-url">출처: <a href="${sourceUrl}" target="_blank">${sourceUrl}</a></p>` : ''}
+        </div>
+        <div class="content">
+            ${content}
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders the result of the pre-handling phase into an HTML page.
+	 * @param originalUrl The original URL requested by the user.
+	 * @param result The result from the pre-handler.
+	 * @returns An HTML string.
+	 */
+	public createPreHandleViewHtml(originalUrl: string, result: PreHandleResult): string {
+		const handlerUsed = result.handlerUsed || 'N/A';
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>사전 처리 결과 - ${handlerUsed}</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 1000px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .handler-badge {
+            display: inline-block;
+            background: #28a745;
+            color: white;
+            padding: 5px 15px;
+            border-radius: 20px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            margin-bottom: 20px;
+        }
+        .result-grid {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+            gap: 20px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .result-item {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 15px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+        }
+        .result-label {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: #495057;
+            margin-bottom: 5px;
+        }
+        .url-comparison {
+            background: #e9ecef;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+        .url-item {
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+            word-break: break-all;
+        }
+        .url-changed {
+            background: #d4edda;
+            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
+            color: #155724;
+        }
+        .url-unchanged {
+            background: #f8d7da;
+            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
+            color: #721c24;
+        }
+        .content-preview {
+            border: 1px solid #ddd;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            max-height: 300px;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            background: #fafafa;
+        }
+        .no-content {
+            color: #999;
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔧 사전 처리 결과</h1>
+        
+        <div class="handler-badge">${handlerUsed}</div>
+        
+        <div class="result-grid">
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">제목</div>
+                <div>${result.title || '없음'}</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">콘텐츠 타입</div>
+                <div>${result.contentType || '없음'}</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">콘텐츠 길이</div>
+                <div>${result.content?.length || 0} 문자</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="result-item">
+                <div class="result-label">URL 변경 여부</div>
+                <div>${originalUrl !== result.url ? '✅ 변경됨' : '❌ 변경되지 않음'}</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="url-comparison ${originalUrl !== result.url ? 'url-changed' : 'url-unchanged'}">
+            <h3>📍 URL 비교</h3>
+            <div class="url-item">
+                <strong>원본:</strong> ${originalUrl}
+            </div>
+            <div class="url-item">
+                <strong>결과:</strong> ${result.url}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        ${
+			result.content
+				? `
+        <h3>📄 콘텐츠 미리보기</h3>
+        <div class="content-preview">
+            ${result.content}
+        </div>
+        `
+				: ''
+		}
+
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/scraper/preview?url=${encodeURIComponent(originalUrl)}" 
+               style="background: #007bff; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px; margin-right: 10px;">
+               전체 스크래핑 보기
+            </a>
+            <a href="/api" 
+               style="background: #6c757d; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               Swagger로 돌아가기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Renders an error page.
+	 * @param url The URL that caused the error.
+	 * @param errorMessage The error message.
+	 * @returns An HTML string.
+	 */
+	public createErrorHtml(url: string, errorMessage: string): string {
+		return `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="ko">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>오류 발생</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            max-width: 800px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background-color: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .container {
+            background: white;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+        }
+        .error {
+            background: #f8d7da;
+            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
+            color: #721c24;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>❌ 오류 발생</h1>
+        <p><strong>URL:</strong> ${url}</p>
+        <div class="error">
+            <strong>오류 메시지:</strong><br>
+            ${errorMessage}
+        </div>
+        <div style="margin-top: 30px; text-align: center;">
+            <a href="/api" 
+               style="background: #6c757d; color: white; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 4px;">
+               Swagger로 돌아가기
+            </a>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/security/exceptions/unsafe-url.exception.ts b/src/modules/security/exceptions/unsafe-url.exception.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89f5bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/security/exceptions/unsafe-url.exception.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import { HttpException, HttpStatus } from '@nestjs/common';
+
+export class UnsafeUrlException extends HttpException {
+	constructor(message: string) {
+		super(message, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
+		this.name = 'UnsafeUrlException';
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/security/security.module.ts b/src/modules/security/security.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc6ae0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/security/security.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { SecurityService } from './services/security.service';
+import { ConfigModule } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { HttpModule } from '@nestjs/axios';
+
+@Module({
+	imports: [ConfigModule, HttpModule],
+	providers: [SecurityService],
+	exports: [SecurityService],
+})
+export class SecurityModule {}
diff --git a/src/modules/security/services/security.service.ts b/src/modules/security/services/security.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c6db1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/security/services/security.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { HttpService } from '@nestjs/axios';
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { firstValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
+import { UnsafeUrlException } from '../exceptions/unsafe-url.exception';
+
+interface SafeBrowsingThreatMatch {
+	threatType: string;
+	platformType: string;
+	threat: {
+		url: string;
+	};
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class SecurityService {
+	private readonly logger = new Logger(SecurityService.name);
+	private readonly apiKey: string;
+	private readonly apiUrl: string;
+
+	constructor(
+		private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+		private readonly httpService: HttpService,
+	) {
+		this.apiKey = this.configService.get<string>('GOOGLE_SAFE_BROWSING_API_KEY', '');
+		this.apiUrl = `https://safebrowsing.googleapis.com/v4/threatMatches:find?key=${this.apiKey}`;
+
+		if (!this.apiKey) {
+			this.logger.warn('Google Safe Browsing API key is not configured. URL safety checks will be skipped.');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if a URL is flagged as unsafe by Google Safe Browsing API.
+	 * @param url The URL to check.
+	 * @throws {UnsafeUrlException} If the URL is found to be unsafe.
+	 */
+	async checkUrlSafety(url: string): Promise<void> {
+		if (!this.apiKey) {
+			return; // API 키가 없으면 검사 생략
+		}
+
+		try {
+			const requestBody = {
+				client: {
+					clientId: 'read-with-later-server',
+					clientVersion: '1.0.0',
+				},
+				threatInfo: {
+					threatTypes: [
+						'MALWARE',
+						'SOCIAL_ENGINEERING',
+						'UNWANTED_SOFTWARE',
+						'POTENTIALLY_HARMFUL_APPLICATION',
+					],
+					platformTypes: ['ANY_PLATFORM'],
+					threatEntries: [{ url }],
+				},
+			};
+
+			const response = await firstValueFrom(
+				this.httpService.post<{ matches?: SafeBrowsingThreatMatch[] }>(this.apiUrl, requestBody),
+			);
+
+			if (response.data.matches && response.data.matches.length > 0) {
+				const threats = response.data.matches.map((match) => match.threatType).join(', ');
+				this.logger.warn(`Unsafe URL detected: ${url} - Threats: [${threats}]`);
+				throw new UnsafeUrlException(`URL is flagged as unsafe: ${threats}`);
+			}
+		} catch (error) {
+			if (error instanceof UnsafeUrlException) {
+				throw error;
+			}
+			this.logger.error(`Error checking URL safety for ${url}: ${error}`);
+			// API 오류가 발생해도 서비스를 중단시키지 않음 (fail-open)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/user/__tests__/user.controller.spec.ts b/src/modules/user/__tests__/user.controller.spec.ts
index f6140b9..1c5cdca 100644
--- a/src/modules/user/__tests__/user.controller.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/user/__tests__/user.controller.spec.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { UpdateUserInput } from '../dto/update-user.input';
 import { NotFoundException, BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { User } from '@prisma/client';
 import { UserFactory } from '../../../../test/factories/user.factory';
+import { AuthRequest } from 'src/types';
 
 // JwtAuthGuard를 완전히 무시하는 mock guard
 class MockJwtAuthGuard {
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ describe('UserController', () => {
 	describe('getUser', () => {
 		it('정상적으로 유저 정보를 반환한다', async () => {
 			userService.getUserById.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
-			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			const result = await controller.getUser(req);
 			expect(userService.getUserById).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockUser.id);
 			expect(result).toEqual(mockUser);
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ describe('UserController', () => {
 
 		it('유저가 존재하지 않으면 null을 반환한다', async () => {
 			userService.getUserById.mockResolvedValue(null);
-			const req = { user: { id: 'not-exist' } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: 'not-exist' } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			const result = await controller.getUser(req);
 			expect(userService.getUserById).toHaveBeenCalledWith('not-exist');
 			expect(result).toBeNull();
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ describe('UserController', () => {
 
 		it('userService.getUserById에서 에러가 발생하면 예외를 그대로 전파한다', async () => {
 			userService.getUserById.mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB 에러'));
-			const req = { user: { id: 'err' } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: 'err' } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			await expect(controller.getUser(req)).rejects.toThrow('DB 에러');
 		});
 	});
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ describe('UserController', () => {
 			const updateUserInput: UpdateUserInput = { name: '새 이름' };
 			const updatedUser = { ...mockUser, name: '새 이름' };
 			userService.updateUser.mockResolvedValue(updatedUser);
-			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			const result = await controller.updateUser(req, updateUserInput);
 			expect(userService.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockUser.id, updateUserInput);
 			expect(result).toEqual(updatedUser);
@@ -83,21 +84,21 @@ describe('UserController', () => {
 
 		it('빈 객체가 들어오면 BadRequestException을 던진다', async () => {
 			userService.updateUser.mockRejectedValue(new BadRequestException('No fields to update'));
-			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: mockUser.id } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			await expect(controller.updateUser(req, {})).rejects.toThrow(BadRequestException);
 			expect(userService.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(mockUser.id, {});
 		});
 
 		it('존재하지 않는 유저 ID로 업데이트 시 NotFoundException을 던진다', async () => {
 			userService.updateUser.mockRejectedValue(new NotFoundException('User not found'));
-			const req = { user: { id: 'not-exist' } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: 'not-exist' } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			await expect(controller.updateUser(req, { name: '이름' })).rejects.toThrow(NotFoundException);
 			expect(userService.updateUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith('not-exist', { name: '이름' });
 		});
 
 		it('userService.updateUser에서 에러가 발생하면 예외를 그대로 전파한다', async () => {
 			userService.updateUser.mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB 에러'));
-			const req = { user: { id: 'err' } } as any;
+			const req = { user: { id: 'err' } } as unknown as AuthRequest;
 			await expect(controller.updateUser(req, { name: '이름' })).rejects.toThrow('DB 에러');
 		});
 	});
diff --git a/src/modules/user/repositories/__tests__/user.repository.spec.ts b/src/modules/user/repositories/__tests__/user.repository.spec.ts
index badae8f..be29d78 100644
--- a/src/modules/user/repositories/__tests__/user.repository.spec.ts
+++ b/src/modules/user/repositories/__tests__/user.repository.spec.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 import { UserRepository } from '../user.repository';
 import { PrismaService } from 'src/database/prisma.service';
-import { UserFactory } from '../../../../../test/factories/user.factory';
 
 describe('UserRepository', () => {
 	let repo: UserRepository;
 	let prisma: PrismaService;
 
-	let mockUser: any;
-
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		prisma = {
 			user: {
@@ -17,7 +14,6 @@ describe('UserRepository', () => {
 			},
 		} as any;
 		repo = new UserRepository(prisma);
-		mockUser = UserFactory.create();
 	});
 
 	it('should be defined', () => {
@@ -26,16 +22,19 @@ describe('UserRepository', () => {
 
 	it('should call findUnique', async () => {
 		await repo.findUnique({ id: '1' });
-		expect(prisma.user.findUnique).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.user.findUnique).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
 	it('should call create', async () => {
 		await repo.create({ email: 'a', name: 'b', provider: 'google', providerId: 'pid' });
-		expect(prisma.user.create).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.user.create).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 
 	it('should call update', async () => {
 		await repo.update('1', { email: 'a' });
-		expect(prisma.user.update).toBeCalled();
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+		expect(prisma.user.update).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	});
 });
diff --git a/test/auth.e2e-spec.ts b/test/auth.e2e-spec.ts
index 755581c..f5e8cde 100644
--- a/test/auth.e2e-spec.ts
+++ b/test/auth.e2e-spec.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
 import * as request from 'supertest';
 import * as cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
 import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access */
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-argument */
 
 describe('AuthController (e2e)', () => {
 	let app: INestApplication;
diff --git a/test/helpers/test.helper.ts b/test/helpers/test.helper.ts
index 3990738..0cbc6e9 100644
--- a/test/helpers/test.helper.ts
+++ b/test/helpers/test.helper.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
 import { of } from 'rxjs';
 
-export const createMockExecutionContext = (request: any = {}) => ({
+interface HttpMock {
+	switchToHttp: () => {
+		getRequest: () => Record<string, unknown>;
+		getResponse: () => { statusCode: number };
+	};
+}
+
+export const createMockExecutionContext = (request: Record<string, unknown> = {}): HttpMock => ({
 	switchToHttp: () => ({
 		getRequest: () => request,
 		getResponse: () => ({ statusCode: 200 }),
 	}),
 });
 
-export const createMockCallHandler = (result: any = 'response') => ({
+export const createMockCallHandler = <T = unknown>(result: T = 'response' as unknown as T) => ({
 	handle: () => of(result),
 });