[v24.1.x] r/utils: fixed setting log start delta in snapshot

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #24618 to branch v24.1.x. This issue was created as a placeholder because the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b manual-backport-24618-v24.1.x-981
git cherry-pick -x e7ea155a4a

git push origin manual-backport-24618-v24.1.x-981
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] r/utils: fixed setting log start delta in snapshot" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "manual-backport-24618-v24.1.x-981" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/24618 "

JIRA Link: [CORE-8641](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-8641)