conservativeraster.cpp

/*
* Vulkan Example - Conservative rasterization
*
* Note: Requires a device that supports the VK_EXT_conservative_rasterization extension
*
* Uses an offscreen buffer with lower resolution to demonstrate the effect of conservative rasterization
*
* Copyright (C) 2018 by Sascha Willems - www.saschawillems.de
*
* This code is licensed under the MIT license (MIT) (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <vector>

#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>

#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "vulkanexamplebase.h"
#include "VulkanBuffer.hpp"

#define ENABLE_VALIDATION false

#define FB_COLOR_FORMAT VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM
#define ZOOM_FACTOR 16

class VulkanExample : public VulkanExampleBase
{
public:
	// Fetch and store conservative rasterization state props for display purposes
	VkPhysicalDeviceConservativeRasterizationPropertiesEXT conservativeRasterProps{};

	bool conservativeRasterEnabled = true;

	struct Vertex {
		float position[3];
		float color[3];
	};

	struct Triangle {
		vks::Buffer vertices;
		vks::Buffer indices;
		uint32_t indexCount;
	} triangle;

	vks::Buffer uniformBuffer;

	struct UniformBuffers {
		vks::Buffer scene;
	} uniformBuffers;

	struct UboScene {
		glm::mat4 projection;
		glm::mat4 model;
	} uboScene;

	struct PipelineLayouts {
		VkPipelineLayout scene;
		VkPipelineLayout fullscreen;
	} pipelineLayouts;

	struct Pipelines {
		VkPipeline triangle;
		VkPipeline triangleConservativeRaster;
		VkPipeline triangleOverlay;
		VkPipeline fullscreen;
	} pipelines;

	struct DescriptorSetLayouts {
		VkDescriptorSetLayout scene;
		VkDescriptorSetLayout fullscreen;
	} descriptorSetLayouts;

	struct DescriptorSets {
		VkDescriptorSet scene;
		VkDescriptorSet fullscreen;
	} descriptorSets;

	// Framebuffer for offscreen rendering
	struct FrameBufferAttachment {
		VkImage image;
		VkDeviceMemory mem;
		VkImageView view;
	};
	struct OffscreenPass {
		int32_t width, height;
		VkFramebuffer frameBuffer;
		FrameBufferAttachment color, depth;
		VkRenderPass renderPass;
		VkSampler sampler;
		VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptor;
		VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		VkSemaphore semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	} offscreenPass;

	VulkanExample() : VulkanExampleBase(ENABLE_VALIDATION)
	{
		title = "Conservative rasterization";
		settings.overlay = true;

		camera.type = Camera::CameraType::lookat;
		camera.setPerspective(60.0f, (float)width / (float)height, 0.1f, 512.0f);
		camera.setRotation(glm::vec3(0.0f));
		camera.setTranslation(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f));

		// Enable extension required for conservative rasterization
		enabledDeviceExtensions.push_back(VK_EXT_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_EXTENSION_NAME);
		
		// Reading device properties of conservative rasterization requires VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 to be enabled
		enabledInstanceExtensions.push_back(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
	}

	~VulkanExample()
	{
		// Frame buffer

		vkDestroyImageView(device, offscreenPass.color.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, offscreenPass.color.image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, offscreenPass.color.mem, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImageView(device, offscreenPass.depth.view, nullptr);
		vkDestroyImage(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, nullptr);
		vkFreeMemory(device, offscreenPass.depth.mem, nullptr);

		vkDestroyRenderPass(device, offscreenPass.renderPass, nullptr);
		vkDestroySampler(device, offscreenPass.sampler, nullptr);
		vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, offscreenPass.frameBuffer, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.triangle, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.triangleOverlay, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.triangleConservativeRaster, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipeline(device, pipelines.fullscreen, nullptr);

		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayouts.fullscreen, nullptr);
		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayouts.scene, nullptr);

		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayouts.scene, nullptr);
		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayouts.fullscreen, nullptr);

		uniformBuffers.scene.destroy();
		triangle.vertices.destroy();
		triangle.indices.destroy();

		vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, cmdPool, 1, &offscreenPass.commandBuffer);
		vkDestroySemaphore(device, offscreenPass.semaphore, nullptr);
	}

	void getEnabledFeatures() 
	{
		if (deviceFeatures.fillModeNonSolid) {
			enabledFeatures.fillModeNonSolid = VK_TRUE;
		};
		if (deviceFeatures.wideLines) {
			enabledFeatures.wideLines = VK_TRUE;
		};
	}

	/* 
		Setup offscreen framebuffer, attachments and render passes for lower resolution rendering of the scene
	*/
	void prepareOffscreen()
	{
		offscreenPass.width = width / ZOOM_FACTOR;
		offscreenPass.height = height / ZOOM_FACTOR;

		// Find a suitable depth format
		VkFormat fbDepthFormat;
		VkBool32 validDepthFormat = vks::tools::getSupportedDepthFormat(physicalDevice, &fbDepthFormat);
		assert(validDepthFormat);

		// Color attachment
		VkImageCreateInfo image = vks::initializers::imageCreateInfo();
		image.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
		image.format = FB_COLOR_FORMAT;
		image.extent.width = offscreenPass.width;
		image.extent.height = offscreenPass.height;
		image.extent.depth = 1;
		image.mipLevels = 1;
		image.arrayLayers = 1;
		image.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		image.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
		// We will sample directly from the color attachment
		image.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;

		VkMemoryAllocateInfo memAlloc = vks::initializers::memoryAllocateInfo();
		VkMemoryRequirements memReqs;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &image, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.image));
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, offscreenPass.color.image, &memReqs);
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.mem));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, offscreenPass.color.image, offscreenPass.color.mem, 0));

		VkImageViewCreateInfo colorImageView = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		colorImageView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		colorImageView.format = FB_COLOR_FORMAT;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange = {};
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		colorImageView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
		colorImageView.image = offscreenPass.color.image;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &colorImageView, nullptr, &offscreenPass.color.view));

		// Create sampler to sample from the attachment in the fragment shader
		VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = vks::initializers::samplerCreateInfo();
		samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
		samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
		samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
		samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
		samplerInfo.addressModeV = samplerInfo.addressModeU;
		samplerInfo.addressModeW = samplerInfo.addressModeU;
		samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
		samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
		samplerInfo.maxLod = 1.0f;
		samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSampler(device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.sampler));

		// Depth stencil attachment
		image.format = fbDepthFormat;
		image.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImage(device, &image, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.image));
		vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, &memReqs);
		memAlloc.allocationSize = memReqs.size;
		memAlloc.memoryTypeIndex = vulkanDevice->getMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateMemory(device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.mem));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBindImageMemory(device, offscreenPass.depth.image, offscreenPass.depth.mem, 0));

		VkImageViewCreateInfo depthStencilView = vks::initializers::imageViewCreateInfo();
		depthStencilView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		depthStencilView.format = fbDepthFormat;
		depthStencilView.flags = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange = {};
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
		depthStencilView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
		depthStencilView.image = offscreenPass.depth.image;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateImageView(device, &depthStencilView, nullptr, &offscreenPass.depth.view));

		// Create a separate render pass for the offscreen rendering as it may differ from the one used for scene rendering

		std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 2> attchmentDescriptions = {};
		// Color attachment
		attchmentDescriptions[0].format = FB_COLOR_FORMAT;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attchmentDescriptions[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
		// Depth attachment
		attchmentDescriptions[1].format = fbDepthFormat;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
		attchmentDescriptions[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

		VkAttachmentReference colorReference = { 0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
		VkAttachmentReference depthReference = { 1, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };

		VkSubpassDescription subpassDescription = {};
		subpassDescription.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		subpassDescription.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
		subpassDescription.pColorAttachments = &colorReference;
		subpassDescription.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthReference;

		// Use subpass dependencies for layout transitions
		std::array<VkSubpassDependency, 2> dependencies;

		dependencies[0].srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependencies[0].dstSubpass = 0;
		dependencies[0].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependencies[0].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		dependencies[0].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

		dependencies[1].srcSubpass = 0;
		dependencies[1].dstSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
		dependencies[1].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT;
		dependencies[1].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
		dependencies[1].dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT;

		// Create the actual renderpass
		VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
		renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
		renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attchmentDescriptions.size());
		renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attchmentDescriptions.data();
		renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
		renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDescription;
		renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dependencies.size());
		renderPassInfo.pDependencies = dependencies.data();

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.renderPass));

		VkImageView attachments[2];
		attachments[0] = offscreenPass.color.view;
		attachments[1] = offscreenPass.depth.view;

		VkFramebufferCreateInfo fbufCreateInfo = vks::initializers::framebufferCreateInfo();
		fbufCreateInfo.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;
		fbufCreateInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
		fbufCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
		fbufCreateInfo.width = offscreenPass.width;
		fbufCreateInfo.height = offscreenPass.height;
		fbufCreateInfo.layers = 1;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &fbufCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.frameBuffer));

		// Fill a descriptor for later use in a descriptor set 
		offscreenPass.descriptor.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
		offscreenPass.descriptor.imageView = offscreenPass.color.view;
		offscreenPass.descriptor.sampler = offscreenPass.sampler;
	}

	// Sets up the command buffer that renders the scene to the offscreen frame buffer
	void buildOffscreenCommandBuffer()
	{
		if (offscreenPass.commandBuffer == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
			offscreenPass.commandBuffer = VulkanExampleBase::createCommandBuffer(VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, false);
		}
		if (offscreenPass.semaphore == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
			VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreCreateInfo = vks::initializers::semaphoreCreateInfo();
			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &offscreenPass.semaphore));
		}

		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
		clearValues[0].color = { { 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.0f } };
		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = offscreenPass.frameBuffer;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = offscreenPass.width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = offscreenPass.height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, &cmdBufInfo));

		VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)offscreenPass.width, (float)offscreenPass.height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
		vkCmdSetViewport(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);

		VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(offscreenPass.width, offscreenPass.height, 0, 0);
		vkCmdSetScissor(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

		vkCmdBeginRenderPass(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

		vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayouts.scene, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.scene, 0, nullptr);
		vkCmdBindPipeline(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, conservativeRasterEnabled ? pipelines.triangleConservativeRaster : pipelines.triangle);

		VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
		vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, 0, 1, &triangle.vertices.buffer, offsets);
		vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, triangle.indices.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
		vkCmdSetViewport(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
		vkCmdDrawIndexed(offscreenPass.commandBuffer, triangle.indexCount, 1, 0, 0, 0);

		vkCmdEndRenderPass(offscreenPass.commandBuffer);

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(offscreenPass.commandBuffer));
	}

	void buildCommandBuffers()
	{
		VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufInfo = vks::initializers::commandBufferBeginInfo();

		VkClearValue clearValues[2];
		clearValues[0].color = { { 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f } };
		clearValues[1].depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0 };

		VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo = vks::initializers::renderPassBeginInfo();
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.x = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset.y = 0;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = width;
		renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = height;
		renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
		renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

		for (int32_t i = 0; i < drawCmdBuffers.size(); ++i) {
			renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = frameBuffers[i];

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkBeginCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], &cmdBufInfo));
			vkCmdBeginRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i], &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
			VkViewport viewport = vks::initializers::viewport((float)width, (float)height, 0.0f, 1.0f);
			vkCmdSetViewport(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &viewport);
			VkRect2D scissor = vks::initializers::rect2D(width, height, 0, 0);
			vkCmdSetScissor(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &scissor);

			// Low-res triangle from offscreen framebuffer
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.fullscreen);
			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayouts.fullscreen, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.fullscreen, 0, nullptr);
			vkCmdDraw(drawCmdBuffers[i], 3, 1, 0, 0);

			// Overlay actual triangle 
			VkDeviceSize offsets[1] = { 0 };
			vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(drawCmdBuffers[i], 0, 1, &triangle.vertices.buffer, offsets);
			vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i], triangle.indices.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
			vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelines.triangleOverlay);
			vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(drawCmdBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayouts.scene, 0, 1, &descriptorSets.scene, 0, nullptr);
			vkCmdDraw(drawCmdBuffers[i], 3, 1, 0, 0);

			drawUI(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			vkCmdEndRenderPass(drawCmdBuffers[i]);

			VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkEndCommandBuffer(drawCmdBuffers[i]));
		}
	}

	void loadAssets()
	{
		// Create a single triangle
		struct Vertex {
			float position[3];
			float color[3];
		};

		std::vector<Vertex> vertexBuffer = {
			{ {  1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f }, { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f } },
			{ { -1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f } },
			{ {  0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } }
		};
		uint32_t vertexBufferSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexBuffer.size()) * sizeof(Vertex);
		std::vector<uint32_t> indexBuffer = { 0, 1, 2 };
		triangle.indexCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(indexBuffer.size());
		uint32_t indexBufferSize = triangle.indexCount * sizeof(uint32_t);

		struct StagingBuffers {
			vks::Buffer vertices;
			vks::Buffer indices;
		} stagingBuffers;

		// Host visible source buffers (staging)
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&stagingBuffers.vertices,
			vertexBufferSize,
			vertexBuffer.data()));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&stagingBuffers.indices,
			indexBufferSize,
			indexBuffer.data()));

		// Device local destination buffers
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
			&triangle.vertices,
			vertexBufferSize));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
			&triangle.indices,
			indexBufferSize));

		// Copy from host do device
		vulkanDevice->copyBuffer(&stagingBuffers.vertices, &triangle.vertices, queue);
		vulkanDevice->copyBuffer(&stagingBuffers.indices, &triangle.indices, queue);

		// Clean up
		stagingBuffers.vertices.destroy();
		stagingBuffers.indices.destroy();
	}

	void setupDescriptorPool()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes = {
			vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 3),
			vks::initializers::descriptorPoolSize(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 2)
		};
		VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo =
			vks::initializers::descriptorPoolCreateInfo(poolSizes,	2);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSetLayout()
	{
		std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> setLayoutBindings;
		VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayout;
		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo;

		// Scene rendering
		setLayoutBindings = {			
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0),			// Binding 0: Vertex shader uniform buffer			
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 1),	// Binding 1: Fragment shader image sampler			
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 2)			// Binding 2: Fragment shader uniform buffer
		};
		descriptorLayout = vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(setLayoutBindings.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(setLayoutBindings.size()));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayouts.scene));
		pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo = vks::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(&descriptorSetLayouts.scene, 1);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayouts.scene));

		// Fullscreen pass
		setLayoutBindings = {			
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0),			// Binding 0: Vertex shader uniform buffer			
			vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutBinding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 1)	// Binding 1: Fragment shader image sampler
		};
		descriptorLayout = vks::initializers::descriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo(setLayoutBindings.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(setLayoutBindings.size()));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &descriptorLayout, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayouts.fullscreen));
		pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo = vks::initializers::pipelineLayoutCreateInfo(&descriptorSetLayouts.fullscreen, 1);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pPipelineLayoutCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayouts.fullscreen));
	}

	void setupDescriptorSet()
	{
		VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descriptorSetAllocInfo;

		// Scene rendering
		descriptorSetAllocInfo = vks::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(descriptorPool, &descriptorSetLayouts.scene, 1);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &descriptorSetAllocInfo, &descriptorSets.scene));
		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> offScreenWriteDescriptorSets = {
			vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(descriptorSets.scene, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, &uniformBuffers.scene.descriptor),
		};
		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, static_cast<uint32_t>(offScreenWriteDescriptorSets.size()), offScreenWriteDescriptorSets.data(), 0, nullptr);

		// Fullscreen pass
		descriptorSetAllocInfo = vks::initializers::descriptorSetAllocateInfo(descriptorPool, &descriptorSetLayouts.fullscreen, 1);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &descriptorSetAllocInfo, &descriptorSets.fullscreen));
		std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writeDescriptorSets = {
			vks::initializers::writeDescriptorSet(descriptorSets.fullscreen, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, &offscreenPass.descriptor),
		};
		vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, static_cast<uint32_t>(writeDescriptorSets.size()), writeDescriptorSets.data(), 0, nullptr);
	}

	void preparePipelines()
	{
		VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssemblyStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST, 0, VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blendAttachmentState =
			vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendAttachmentState(0xf, VK_FALSE);

		VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlendStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo(1,	&blendAttachmentState);

		VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencilStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo(VK_FALSE, VK_FALSE, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL);

		VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineViewportStateCreateInfo(1, 1, 0);

		VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampleStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, 0);

		std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStateEnables = {
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
			VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
		};
		VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo(dynamicStateEnables);

		std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shaderStages;

		VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineCreateInfo =
			vks::initializers::pipelineCreateInfo(pipelineLayouts.fullscreen, renderPass, 0);

		VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizationStateCI =
			vks::initializers::pipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo(VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL, VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT, VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE, 0);

		/*
			Conservative rasterization setup
		*/

		/*
			Get device properties for conservative rasterization
			Requires VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2 and manual function pointer creation
		*/
		PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR"));
		assert(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR);
		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR deviceProps2{};
		conservativeRasterProps.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_PROPERTIES_EXT;
		deviceProps2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_KHR;
		deviceProps2.pNext = &conservativeRasterProps;
		vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR(physicalDevice, &deviceProps2);

		// Vertex bindings and attributes
		std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> vertexInputBindings = {
			vks::initializers::vertexInputBindingDescription(0, sizeof(Vertex), VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX),
		};
		std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> vertexInputAttributes = {
			vks::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(0, 0, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, 0),					// Location 0: Position			
			vks::initializers::vertexInputAttributeDescription(0, 1, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, sizeof(float) * 3),	// Location 1: Color
		};
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputState = vks::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		vertexInputState.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexInputBindings.size());
		vertexInputState.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertexInputBindings.data();
		vertexInputState.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexInputAttributes.size());
		vertexInputState.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertexInputAttributes.data();

		pipelineCreateInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssemblyStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizationStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlendStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampleStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pViewportState = &viewportStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencilStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicStateCI;
		pipelineCreateInfo.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shaderStages.size());
		pipelineCreateInfo.pStages = shaderStages.data();

		// Full screen pass
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/fullscreen.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/fullscreen.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		// Empty vertex input state (full screen triangle generated in vertex shader)
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo emptyInputState = vks::initializers::pipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo();
		pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &emptyInputState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.layout = pipelineLayouts.fullscreen;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.fullscreen));

		pipelineCreateInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputState;
		pipelineCreateInfo.layout = pipelineLayouts.scene;

		// Original triangle outline
		// TODO: Check support for lines
		rasterizationStateCI.lineWidth = 2.0f;
		rasterizationStateCI.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE;
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/triangle.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/triangleoverlay.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.triangleOverlay));

		pipelineCreateInfo.renderPass = offscreenPass.renderPass;

		/*
			Triangle rendering
		*/
		rasterizationStateCI.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
		shaderStages[0] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/triangle.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
		shaderStages[1] = loadShader(getAssetPath() + "shaders/conservativeraster/triangle.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);

		/*
			Basic pipeline
		*/
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.triangle));

		/*
			Pipeline with conservative rasterization enabled
		*/
		VkPipelineRasterizationConservativeStateCreateInfoEXT conservativeRasterStateCI{};
		conservativeRasterStateCI.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_CONSERVATIVE_STATE_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
		conservativeRasterStateCI.conservativeRasterizationMode = VK_CONSERVATIVE_RASTERIZATION_MODE_OVERESTIMATE_EXT;
		conservativeRasterStateCI.extraPrimitiveOverestimationSize = conservativeRasterProps.maxExtraPrimitiveOverestimationSize;

		// Conservative rasterization state has to be chained into the pipeline rasterization state create info structure
		rasterizationStateCI.pNext = &conservativeRasterStateCI;

		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, pipelineCache, 1, &pipelineCreateInfo, nullptr, &pipelines.triangleConservativeRaster));
	}

	// Prepare and initialize uniform buffer containing shader uniforms
	void prepareUniformBuffers()
	{
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vulkanDevice->createBuffer(
			VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
			&uniformBuffers.scene,
			sizeof(uboScene)));
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(uniformBuffers.scene.map());
		updateUniformBuffersScene();
	}

	void updateUniformBuffersScene()
	{
		uboScene.projection = camera.matrices.perspective;
		uboScene.model = camera.matrices.view;
		memcpy(uniformBuffers.scene.mapped, &uboScene, sizeof(uboScene));
	}

	void draw()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepareFrame();

		// Offscreen rendering

		// Wait for swap chain presentation to finish
		submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &semaphores.presentComplete;
		// Signal ready with offscreen semaphore
		submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &offscreenPass.semaphore;

		// Submit work
		submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &offscreenPass.commandBuffer;
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));

		// Scene rendering

		// Wait for offscreen semaphore
		submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &offscreenPass.semaphore;
		// Signal ready with render complete semaphpre
		submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &semaphores.renderComplete;

		// Submit work
		submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer];
		VK_CHECK_RESULT(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE));

		VulkanExampleBase::submitFrame();
	}

	void prepare()
	{
		VulkanExampleBase::prepare();
		loadAssets();
		prepareOffscreen();
		prepareUniformBuffers();
		setupDescriptorSetLayout();
		preparePipelines();
		setupDescriptorPool();
		setupDescriptorSet();
		buildCommandBuffers();
		buildOffscreenCommandBuffer();
		prepared = true;
	}

	virtual void render()
	{
		if (!prepared)
			return;
		draw();
	}

	virtual void viewChanged()
	{
		updateUniformBuffersScene();
	}

	virtual void OnUpdateUIOverlay(vks::UIOverlay *overlay)
	{
		if (overlay->header("Settings")) {
			if (overlay->checkBox("Conservative rasterization", &conservativeRasterEnabled)) {
				buildOffscreenCommandBuffer();
			}
		}
		if (overlay->header("Device properties")) {
			overlay->text("maxExtraPrimitiveOverestimationSize:         %f", conservativeRasterProps.maxExtraPrimitiveOverestimationSize);
			overlay->text("extraPrimitiveOverestimationSizeGranularity: %f", conservativeRasterProps.extraPrimitiveOverestimationSizeGranularity);
			overlay->text("primitiveUnderestimation:                    %s", conservativeRasterProps.primitiveUnderestimation ? "yes" : "no");
			overlay->text("conservativePointAndLineRasterization:       %s", conservativeRasterProps.conservativePointAndLineRasterization ? "yes" : "no");
			overlay->text("degenerateTrianglesRasterized:               %s", conservativeRasterProps.degenerateTrianglesRasterized ? "yes" : "no");
			overlay->text("degenerateLinesRasterized:                   %s", conservativeRasterProps.degenerateLinesRasterized ? "yes" : "no");
			overlay->text("fullyCoveredFragmentShaderInputVariable:     %s", conservativeRasterProps.fullyCoveredFragmentShaderInputVariable ? "yes" : "no");
			overlay->text("conservativeRasterizationPostDepthCoverage:  %s", conservativeRasterProps.conservativeRasterizationPostDepthCoverage ? "yes" : "no");
		}

	}
};

VULKAN_EXAMPLE_MAIN()