Optimize BaseParser#unnormalize method (#158)

## Benchmark
```
RUBYLIB= BUNDLER_ORIG_RUBYLIB= /Users/naitoh/.rbenv/versions/3.3.3/bin/ruby -v -S benchmark-driver /Users/naitoh/ghq/github.com/naitoh/rexml/benchmark/parse.yaml
ruby 3.3.3 (2024-06-12 revision f1c7b6f435) [arm64-darwin22]
Calculating -------------------------------------
                         before       after  before(YJIT)  after(YJIT)
                 dom     17.704      18.106        34.215       33.806 i/s -     100.000 times in 5.648398s 5.523110s 2.922698s 2.958036s
                 sax     25.664      25.302        48.429       48.602 i/s -     100.000 times in 3.896488s 3.952289s 2.064859s 2.057537s
                pull     28.966      29.215        61.710       62.068 i/s -     100.000 times in 3.452275s 3.422901s 1.620480s 1.611129s
              stream     28.291      28.426        53.860       55.548 i/s -     100.000 times in 3.534716s 3.517884s 1.856667s 1.800247s

Comparison:
                              dom
        before(YJIT):        34.2 i/s
         after(YJIT):        33.8 i/s - 1.01x  slower
               after:        18.1 i/s - 1.89x  slower
              before:        17.7 i/s - 1.93x  slower

                              sax
         after(YJIT):        48.6 i/s
        before(YJIT):        48.4 i/s - 1.00x  slower
              before:        25.7 i/s - 1.89x  slower
               after:        25.3 i/s - 1.92x  slower

                             pull
         after(YJIT):        62.1 i/s
        before(YJIT):        61.7 i/s - 1.01x  slower
               after:        29.2 i/s - 2.12x  slower
              before:        29.0 i/s - 2.14x  slower

                           stream
         after(YJIT):        55.5 i/s
        before(YJIT):        53.9 i/s - 1.03x  slower
               after:        28.4 i/s - 1.95x  slower
              before:        28.3 i/s - 1.96x  slower

```

- YJIT=ON : 1.00x - 1.03x faster
- YJIT=OFF : 0.98x - 1.02x faster

Author: naitoh

lib/rexml/parsers/baseparser.rb

@@ -132,6 +132,13 @@ module Private
         GEDECL_PATTERN = "\\s+#{NAME}\\s+#{ENTITYDEF}\\s*>"
         PEDECL_PATTERN = "\\s+(%)\\s+#{NAME}\\s+#{PEDEF}\\s*>"
         ENTITYDECL_PATTERN = /(?:#{GEDECL_PATTERN})|(?:#{PEDECL_PATTERN})/um
+        CARRIAGE_RETURN_NEWLINE_PATTERN = /\r\n?/
+        CHARACTER_REFERENCES = /&#0*((?:\d+)|(?:x[a-fA-F0-9]+));/
+        DEFAULT_ENTITIES_PATTERNS = {}
+        default_entities = ['gt', 'lt', 'quot', 'apos', 'amp']
+        default_entities.each do |term|
+          DEFAULT_ENTITIES_PATTERNS[term] = /&#{term};/
+        end
       end
       private_constant :Private
 
@@ -504,10 +511,10 @@ def normalize( input, entities=nil, entity_filter=nil )
 
       # Unescapes all possible entities
       def unnormalize( string, entities=nil, filter=nil )
-        rv = string.gsub( /\r\n?/, "\n" )
+        rv = string.gsub( Private::CARRIAGE_RETURN_NEWLINE_PATTERN, "\n" )
         matches = rv.scan( REFERENCE_RE )
         return rv if matches.size == 0
-        rv.gsub!( /&#0*((?:\d+)|(?:x[a-fA-F0-9]+));/ ) {
+        rv.gsub!( Private::CHARACTER_REFERENCES ) {
           m=$1
           m = "0#{m}" if m[0] == ?x
           [Integer(m)].pack('U*')
@@ -518,15 +525,15 @@ def unnormalize( string, entities=nil, filter=nil )
             unless filter and filter.include?(entity_reference)
               entity_value = entity( entity_reference, entities )
               if entity_value
-                re = /&#{entity_reference};/
+                re = Private::DEFAULT_ENTITIES_PATTERNS[entity_reference] || /&#{entity_reference};/
                 rv.gsub!( re, entity_value )
               else
                 er = DEFAULT_ENTITIES[entity_reference]
                 rv.gsub!( er[0], er[2] ) if er
               end
             end
           end
-          rv.gsub!( /&/, '&' )
+          rv.gsub!( Private::DEFAULT_ENTITIES_PATTERNS['amp'], '&' )
         end
         rv
       end

test/test_pullparser.rb

@@ -62,6 +62,26 @@ def test_entity_replacement
       end
     end
 
+    def test_character_references
+      source = '<a>&#65;</a><b>&#x42;</b>'
+      parser = REXML::Parsers::PullParser.new( source )
+      element_name = ''
+      while parser.has_next?
+        event = parser.pull
+        case event.event_type
+        when :start_element
+          element_name = event[0]
+        when :text
+          case element_name
+          when 'a'
+            assert_equal('A', event[1])
+          when 'b'
+            assert_equal('B', event[1])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     def test_peek_unshift
       source = "<a><b/></a>"
       REXML::Parsers::PullParser.new(source)