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Recommendation Gym for MovieLens

Table of contents

  1. Overview
  2. Project Structure
  3. Getting started
  4. Citing this project

1. Overview

1.1 Summary

The purpose of this project was to experiment with the application of deep reinforcement learning to recommendation systems. More specifically, this project applies Stable-Baselines algorithms to the MovieLens 100k data set.

To that end, the goal of the agent is to predict what rating a user will give to a given movie.

1.2 Implementation

1.2.1 Environment

The simulator is set up as a POMDP problem, using OpenAI's Gym framework as the base class.

The reward scheme is based on prediction accuracy: reward_function

The observation is based on derived features from the MovieLens data set:

  • user_mean: Average rating given by a specific user_id
  • movie_mean: Average rating for a specific movie_id
  • movie_genre_bucket: One-hot of the movie type
  • age_bucket: One-hot of user's age range
  • occupation_bucket: One-hot of the user's job
  • gender_bucket: One-hot of the user's gender (only M or F)

1.2.2 Agent

The Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm is chosen to be the agent, since the recommendation problem is stateless (or single-state), thereby making a policy-base approach, opposed to a value-based, more appropriate.

Understanding that a given state does not impact future states in this problem, the $\gamma$ parameter is set to $0.0$ (gamma is used to discount future rewards).

1.2.3 Neural network

An Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is chosen for the agent's function approximator. Given the feature set is relatively small (~51 features), MLP with 2x layers of 64 neurons is sufficient and does not appear to lead to overfitting.

1.2.4 Other considerations

Two features provide the agent with an unfair advantage when making predictions:

  • Average user rating
  • Average movie rating

When collecting these features, the averages are taken over the entire data set to prevent a $ValueError$ in Python, if a given movie_id or user_id has not been seen before. This conflict can be avoided with exception handling rules, but is out of scope for this experiment.

2. Project Structure

gym_recommendation/
    data/           ...MovieLens 100k data set
    envs/           ...MDP style environment extending GYM
    tests/          ...test cases for utilities and GYM
    utils.py        ...helper functions for downloading data and evaluating the environment
ppo_experiment.py   ...entry point for running experiments
requirements.txt    ...project dependencies
setup.py

3. Getting Started

  1. Clone the project
git clone https://github.com/sadighian/recommendation-gym.git
  1. Create a virtual environment
cd recommendation-gym       # change to project directory
virtualenv -p python3 venv  # create the virtual environment
source venv/bin/activate    # start using the venv
  1. Install the project and its dependencies
pip3 install -e .           # execute command inside install directory
  1. Run an experiment
python3 ppo_experiment.py --training_steps=100000 --evaluation-steps=10000

Refer to ppo_experiment.py for all the flags.

4. Citing the Project

@misc{Recommendation-Gym,
    author = {Jonathan Sadighian},
    title = {Recommendation Gym for MovieLens},
    year = {2019},
    publisher = {GitHub},
    journal = {GitHub repository},
    howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/sadighian/recommendation-gym}},
}