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<h1 id="4-windows-log-analysis-determine-attacker-technique">4. <strong>Windows Log Analysis: Determine Attacker Technique</strong><a class="headerlink" href="#4-windows-log-analysis-determine-attacker-technique" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
<blockquote>
<p>Difficulty: 🎄🎄</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="admonition info">
<p class="admonition-title">Determine Attacker Technique</p>
<p>Using <a href="https://downloads.elfu.org/sysmon-data.json.zip">these normalized Sysmon logs</a>, identify the tool the attacker used to retrieve domain password hashes from the lsass.exe process.<br>
For hints on achieving this objective, please visit Hermey Hall and talk with <em>SugarPlum Mary</em>.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="solution">⚡️ Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#solution" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>After completing Linux Path Challenge and talk to SugarPlum Mary, He will give you hints which will help you with this objective.</p>
<div class="admonition hint">
<p class="admonition-title">Ross Wolf's work on EQL</p>
<p>Check out some of <a href="https://www.endgame.com/our-experts/ross-wolf">Ross Wolf</a>'s work on EQL.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition hint">
<p class="admonition-title">Sysmon</p>
<p><a href="https://www.darkoperator.com/blog/2014/8/8/sysinternals-sysmon">Sysmon By Carlos Perez</a></p>
</div>
<div class="admonition hint">
<p class="admonition-title">Event Query Language</p>
<p><a href="https://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2019/12/10/eql-threat-hunting/">EQL Threat Hunting</a><br>
Look closer the solution is posted in this article by <em>Joshua Wright</em> !</p>
</div>
<hr />
<p>Given the hints, We will <code>eqllib</code> tool to analysis the logs file:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Getting the tool ready:</p>
<ul>
<li>Make sure you have python installed on your device or follow <a href="https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/">this guide to Install python</a>,
then install <code>eqllib</code> package for python.
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>pip3 install eql
</pre></div></li>
<li>
<p>Or You can download and run <a href="https://www.sans.org/slingshot-vmware-linux/download">Slingshot Linux</a>, where EQL is already installed and ready to go!</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Install <a href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/"><code>jq</code></a> to pretty-print the output data.<br><br></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>To identify the tool the attacker used to retrieve domain password hashes from the <code>lsass.exe</code> process, We need to understand how this attack work:</p>
<p><br>Active Directory stores information about members of the domain including devices and users to verify credentials and define access rights.</p>
<p>The Active Directory domain database is stored in the <code>NTDS.dit</code> file. By default the NTDS file will be located in <code>%SystemRoot%\NTDS\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup></p>
<p>The following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Volume Shadow Copy</li>
<li>secretsdump.py</li>
<li>Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe</li>
<li>Invoke-NinjaCopy<br><br></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Let's try to find unexpected processes interacting with <code>lsass.exe</code> as parent process:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>eql query -f sysmon-data.json "process where parent_process_name = 'LSASS.exe'" | jq
</pre></div>
<p><asciinema-player src="/terminals/obj4-1.cast" poster="npt:0:03"></asciinema-player></p>
<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">"command_line"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"event_type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"process"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"logon_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">"parent_process_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"lsass.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span> <span class="nt">"parent_process_path"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"C:\\Windows\\System32\\lsass.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">"pid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3440</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span> <span class="nt">"ppid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">632</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">"process_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"cmd.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span> <span class="nt">"process_path"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"subtype"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"create"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"timestamp"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">132186398356220000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"unique_pid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"{7431d376-dedb-5dd3-0000-001027be4f00}"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"unique_ppid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"{7431d376-cd7f-5dd3-0000-001013920000}"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user_domain"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"NT AUTHORITY"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"SYSTEM"</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<br><br></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Search by unique process id as unique parent process id to see other processes started by this process:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>eql query -f sysmon-data.json 'process where ppid == 3440' | jq
</pre></div>
<p><asciinema-player src="/terminals/obj4-2.cast" poster="npt:0:02"></asciinema-player></p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">"command_line"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"ntdsutil.exe \"ac i ntds\" ifm \"create full c:\\hive\" q q"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span> <span class="nt">"event_type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"process"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"logon_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">999</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"parent_process_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"cmd.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"parent_process_path"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"pid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3556</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"ppid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3440</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="hll"> <span class="nt">"process_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"ntdsutil.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span> <span class="nt">"process_path"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"C:\\Windows\\System32\\ntdsutil.exe"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"subtype"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"create"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"timestamp"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">132186398470300000</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"unique_pid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"{7431d376-dee7-5dd3-0000-0010f0c44f00}"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"unique_ppid"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"{7431d376-dedb-5dd3-0000-001027be4f00}"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user_domain"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"NT AUTHORITY"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nt">"user_name"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"SYSTEM"</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<p>The attacker used <code>ntdsutil</code> to create an accessible backup of the domain password hashes, and we can confirm it further by the <code>create</code> and <code>ifm</code> commands.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition done">
<p class="admonition-title">The answer:</p>
<p>ntdsutil</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition done">
<p class="admonition-title">Congratulations! You have completed the Windows Log Analysis: Determine Attacker Technique challenge! 🎉</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="what-youve-learned">🎓 What you've learned<a class="headerlink" href="#what-youve-learned" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Event Query Language (EQL).</li>
<li>Threat Hunting using EQL.</li>
<li>Credential Dumping techniques & tools.</li>
</ul>
<div class="footnote">
<hr />
<ol>
<li id="fn:1">
<p>Credential dumping techniques, tools & detection:</p>
<p><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/">https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/">https://pentestlab.blog/2018/07/04/dumping-domain-password-hashes/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.securusglobal.com/community/2013/12/20/dumping-windows-credentials/">https://www.securusglobal.com/community/2013/12/20/dumping-windows-credentials/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/@markmotig/some-ways-to-dump-lsass-exe-c4a75fdc49bf">https://medium.com/@markmotig/some-ways-to-dump-lsass-exe-c4a75fdc49bf</a></p>
<p><a href="https://2017.zeronights.org/wp-content/uploads/materials/ZN17_Kheirkhabarov_Hunting_for_Credentials_Dumping_in_Windows_Environment.pdf">https://2017.zeronights.org/wp-content/uploads/materials/ZN17_Kheirkhabarov_Hunting_for_Credentials_Dumping_in_Windows_Environment.pdf</a></p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1003/T1003.md">https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1003/T1003.md</a> <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">↩</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
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