There are 4 different types of NoSQL databases:
- Key-Value Store - Has a big hash table of keys and values (examples include Riak, Amazon S3)
- Document-based Store - Stores documents made up of tagged elements (CouchDB, MongoDB)
- Column-based Store - Each storage block contains data from only one column (HBase, Cassandra)
- Graph-based - A network database that uses edges and nodes to represent and store data (Neo4J)
Source: 3pillarglobal.com
Following have atleast one Python adapter: Amazon S3, MongoDB, Cassandra, Neo4J
P.S: There are high chances that the databases I didn't mention in the above list also have Python adapters.