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<p><img src="https://picsum.photos/1000/400?random=1618131525351" alt="插图"></p>
<p>根据条件从数据库表中查询 [存在] 与 [不存在]两种状态。</p>
<p>在业务代码中,需要根据一个或多个条件,查询是否存在记录,不关心有多少条记录。普遍写法如下:</p>
<h3 id="SQL"><a href="#SQL" class="headerlink" title="SQL"></a>SQL</h3><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="built_in">COUNT</span>(<span class="operator">*</span>) <span class="keyword">FROM</span> tableName <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> xxx <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">123</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> is_deleted <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="JAVA"><a href="#JAVA" class="headerlink" title="JAVA"></a>JAVA</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">int</span> count = xxDao.countxxByxx(params);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (count > <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="推荐写法"><a href="#推荐写法" class="headerlink" title="推荐写法"></a>推荐写法</h2><p>推荐优化方案如下:</p>
<h3 id="SQL-1"><a href="#SQL-1" class="headerlink" title="SQL"></a>SQL</h3><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">FROM</span> tableName <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> xxx <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">123</span> <span class="keyword">AND</span> is_deleted <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span> LIMIT <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="XML"><a href="#XML" class="headerlink" title="XML"></a>XML</h3><p>采用的ORM以mybatis 为例： </p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><-- 注意：resultType--> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">select</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"existXxxxByXxx"</span> <span class="attr">resultType</span>=<span class="string">"integer"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> SELECT </span><br><span class="line"> 1</span><br><span class="line"> FROM tableName</span><br><span class="line"> WHERE</span><br><span class="line"> xxx = 123</span><br><span class="line"> AND </span><br><span class="line"> is_deleted = 0</span><br><span class="line"> LIMIT 1</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">select</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="JAVA-1"><a href="#JAVA-1" class="headerlink" title="JAVA"></a>JAVA</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Integer exist = xxDao.existXxxxByXxx(params);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// return exist != null;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">return</span> Objects.nonNull(exist);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注意: 此处推荐采用包装类型来进行接收 , 直接通过判空来判断是否存在, SQL不在继续使用COUNT, 在SQL语句后面添加 LIMIT 1, 让数据库查询时遇到一条数据就返回, 不用再继续往下查找。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在查询或者更新的时候 推荐尽量加上LIMIT ，养成良好的编码习惯。</p>
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<p><img src="https://picsum.photos/1000/400?random=1618131569883" alt="插图"></p>
<p><strong>工厂方法模式</strong>是一种创建型设计模式，其在父类中提供一个创建对象的方法，允许子类决定实例化对象的类型。</p>
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<p>工厂分为简单工厂模式(SimpleFactory), 工厂方法模式(FactoryMethod), 抽象工厂模式(AbstractFactory)。三种模式可以理解为同一种编程思想的三个版本。</p>
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<p><img src="https://picsum.photos/1000/400?random=1617988035368" alt="插图"></p>
<p>前网景通讯公司（Netscape）知名工程师 Phil Karlton 也说过：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things.</p>
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<p> 命名非常能体现一个工程师的基本编码素养， 命名的好坏，对于代码的可读性非常重要，甚至起到决定性作用。混乱的命名不仅让我们对代码难以理解，更为糟糕的是会误导我们的思维，导致对代码理解完全错误，相反良好的命名，则可以让我们的代码非常容易正确表达事物以及逻辑。大到项目名，包名，模块，对外暴露的接口，小至类名，函数， 变量，参数都难以避免”命名”这个困扰。取一个良好的名字是一件非常困难的事情，即便是母语是英语的程序员而已，想要取一个能准确表达含义的名字，也是一件非常困难的事情，如上所示。对于天朝这些母语非英语的程序员来说，更是难上加难(比如我这种英语学渣)。</p>
<p>在日常编码工作中，实在想不到好名字的时候，可以采用变量名命名神器(CODELF) 来辅助我们进行变量命名，注: 本人有幸在项目中通过它来辅助自己的命名，个人感觉帮助并不是很大，只能作为参考。</p>
<h3 id="多长才是最合适的"><a href="#多长才是最合适的" class="headerlink" title="多长才是最合适的?"></a>多长才是最合适的?</h3><p>我们在进行命名的时候，是应该写一个很长的命名，还是一个简短的命名，这是一个非常有争议的问题，有时感觉命名一定要准确表达含义，长一点也没关系，还有另外一类代表派系则主张简短的命名方式。能缩写就尽量缩写。如果是你你是喜欢长一点还是短一点？</p>
<p>尽管长的命名可以包含更多的信息 ，更能准确直观的表达意图，但如果变量的命名很长，那它们共同组成的代码语句就会很长，甚至超出编辑器代码长度限制，就会被编辑器换行切割成多行的情况，这会影响代码的可读性。在命名能足够表达其含义的情况下，命名其实越短越好。当然短的命名没有长的命名那么更能达意。对于那些比较常见的词，推荐使用缩写的方式，既能让命名短一些，又能不影响阅读理解。比如： VO (View Object)， DTO (Data Transfer Object ), DO (Domain Object), str (String), num (Number), 除此之外对于作用于比较小的变量，我们可以使用相对较短的命名方式。比如一些函数内的零时变量，循环迭代的下标索引等。相反， 对于类名这样作用域比较大的， 更推荐用长的命名方式。对于代码的作者而言，自己对代码的逻辑非常清楚，总感觉采用什么样的命名都能达意，对于需要接手你代码的同事来讲， 可能就不这么认为，在编写代码的时候，我们一定要学会换位思考，假设自己不熟悉这块代码，从代码阅读者的角度去 思考命名是否足够直观。</p>
<h3 id="利用上下文简化命名"><a href="#利用上下文简化命名" class="headerlink" title="利用上下文简化命名"></a>利用上下文简化命名</h3> <figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">User</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String userName;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String userPassword;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String userAvatarUrl;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 省略Geeter Seeter </span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在上述类上下文中，我们没有必要在成员属性的命名添加user作为命名前置，而是直接命名为 name, password, avatarUrl。在使用属性的时候，我们可以很友好的借助对象上下文，表达也足够明确，如下 ：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">User user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();</span><br><span class="line">String name = user.getName();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>函数的参数也可以借助这个上下文来进行简化命名， 如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Bad</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">uploadUserPic2Oss</span><span class="params">(String userPicImageUri)</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Good</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">uploadUserPic2Oss</span><span class="params">(String ImageUri)</span></span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="如何命名一些特殊的类"><a href="#如何命名一些特殊的类" class="headerlink" title="如何命名一些特殊的类"></a>如何命名一些特殊的类</h3><p>接口类 在阿里巴巴编程规范手册中推荐的方式 , 在接口类命名前面加前缀 “I”， 表示这是一个接口(Interface)，如 IUserService ，已至对应的实现类添加Impl后缀，如 UserServiceImpl。对于接口的命名我个人更加倾向于不添加“I”前缀的方式， 如 UserService, 对于的实现类可以添加Impl后缀。但是如果在团队中大家约定了方式，那么一定要跟Team 保持Match。</p>
<p>抽象类 跟接口类一样，两种方式，通过添加统一的前缀 这里为 “Abstract”， 如 AbstractChannelHandlerDelegate (dubbo 服务消费者发送消息服务提供者接受消息) ，另外一种不带前缀 “Abstract” 。无论使用那种命名方式都是可以的，项目能够统一就ok。</p>
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