diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d004c7b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/architecture.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# Project Architecture + +This document provides an in-depth explanation of the system's architecture, its design choices, and its components. It serves as a guide for contributors and developers to understand how the project is structured and operates. + +--- + +## Overview + +The project follows a [specific design pattern, e.g., Model-View-Controller (MVC) or Microservices Architecture] to ensure scalability, maintainability, and clarity. Each module or component has a distinct responsibility, and they work together to deliver the functionality of the application. + +--- + +## Directory Structure + +The core of the project is organized as follows: + +```plaintext +src/ +├── models/ +├── views/ +├── controllers/ +├── services/ +├── utils/ +``` + +--- + +### Breakdown +- **`models/`** + Manages interactions with the database or data sources, including ORM models or raw SQL queries. + +- **`views/`** + Renders data for users, including HTML templates, API responses (JSON), or CLI outputs. + +- **`controllers/`** + Implements the main logic, including routing, input validation, and coordinating between models and views. + +- **`services/`** + Handles external dependencies like API calls, third-party integrations, and background tasks. + +- **`utils/`** + A collection of helper functions to keep repetitive or shared logic clean and centralized. + +--- + +## Workflow and Data Flow + +1. **Frontend Interaction**: + Users interact with the frontend (web UI, CLI, or app) to send a request. + +2. **API Endpoint**: + The request hits a RESTful API endpoint that validates and routes it. + +3. **Controller**: + The controller processes the request, performs logic, and delegates to models or services. + +4. **Model**: + Retrieves or manipulates data from the database. + +5. **View**: + Formats the response for the user (JSON, rendered HTML, or text). + +--- + +## Design Principles + +### 1. **Separation of Concerns** +Each layer (models, views, controllers) has a specific and distinct responsibility to make the system easier to develop, test, and maintain. + +### 2. **Scalability** +The system is modular to accommodate future growth, whether by adding new features, handling more users, or supporting additional integrations. + +### 3. **DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself)** +Reusable functions and utilities prevent code duplication. + +--- + +## Key Components + +### **1. API Layer** +- Exposes RESTful endpoints using [framework name, e.g., FastAPI, Flask, or Django]. +- Implements input validation and error handling. +- Supports authentication using OAuth 2.0 or JWT. + +### **2. Database Layer** +- Uses [database type, e.g., PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or MySQL] for persistence. +- Follows normalization practices to ensure consistency. +- Supports caching with [Redis or Memcached] for performance optimization. + +### **3. Business Logic Layer** +- Handles complex operations like data transformations, aggregations, or algorithm execution. + +### **4. External Integrations** +- Communicates with third-party services via APIs for tasks like: + - Payment processing. + - Notification systems. + - Analytics tracking. + +--- + +## Security Features + +- **Authentication**: OAuth 2.0, JWT tokens, or API keys. +- **Data Encryption**: Sensitive data is encrypted at rest and in transit. +- **Input Validation**: Prevents injection attacks and invalid data entries. + +--- + +## Scalability Strategies + +- **Horizontal Scaling**: Additional API instances can be deployed. +- **Database Indexing**: Ensures fast queries on frequently accessed data. +- **Load Balancing**: Distributes traffic evenly across servers. + +--- + +## Tools and Frameworks + +### Backend +- Programming Language: Python +- Web Framework: Flask / FastAPI / Django + +### Database +- PostgreSQL +- Redis (for caching) + +### Testing +- Pytest (unit and integration tests). + +--- + +## System Diagram + +Below is a simplified high-level system diagram: + +```plaintext +User + ↓ +Frontend (UI) + ↓ +Backend (API Layer) + ↓ +Database ↔ Caching Layer +``` + +A more detailed one can be found by running [this](docs/diagrams/system-design.bat) or opening [this](icons/system-design.png)