add sbang-specific README, COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, NOTICE, etc. files

- [x] move docs from sbang to README.md
- [x] add license, copyright, notice, etc. files

Author: tgamblin

COPYRIGHT

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+Intellectual Property Notice
+------------------------------
+
+sbang is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE
+or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) or the MIT license,
+(LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT), at your option.
+
+Copyrights and patents in the sbang project are retained by contributors.
+No copyright assignment is required to contribute to sbang.
+
+
+SPDX usage
+------------
+
+Individual files contain SPDX tags instead of the full license text.
+This enables machine processing of license information based on the SPDX
+License Identifiers that are available here: https://spdx.org/licenses/
+
+Files that are dual-licensed as Apache-2.0 OR MIT contain the following
+text in the license header:
+
+    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

LICENSE-APACHE

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+
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LICENSE-MIT

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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2020 LLNS, LLC and other sbang Project Developers.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

NOTICE

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+This work was produced under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
+Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
+DE-AC52-07NA27344.
+
+This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of
+the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor
+Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees
+makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability
+or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
+information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that
+its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
+
+Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service
+by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily
+constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the
+United States Government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
+
+The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily
+state or reflect those of the United States Government or Lawrence
+Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising
+or product endorsement purposes.

README.md

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+# sbang
+
+`sbang` lets you run scripts with very long shebang (`#!`) lines.
+
+Many operating systems limit the length and number of possible arguments
+in shebang lines, making it hard to use interpreters that are deep in the
+directory hierarchy or require special arguments.
+
+To use, put the long shebang on the second line of your script, and
+make sbang the interpreter, like this:
+
+    #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang
+    #!/long/path/to/real/interpreter with arguments
+
+`sbang` will run the real interpreter with the script as its argument.
+
+## Longer explanation
+
+Suppose you have a script, `long-shebang.sh`, like this:
+
+    1    #!/very/long/path/to/some/interp
+    2
+    3    echo "success!"
+
+If `very/long/path` is actually very long, running this script will
+result in an error on some OS's. On Linux, you get this:
+
+    $ ./long-shebang.sh
+    -bash: ./longshebang.sh: /very/long/path/to/some/interp: bad interpreter:
+           No such file or directory
+
+On macOS, the system simply assumes the interpreter is the shell and
+tries to run with it, which is not likely what you want.
+
+
+### `sbang` on the command line
+
+You can use `sbang` in two ways. You can use it directly, from the
+command line, like this:
+
+    $ sbang ./long-shebang.sh
+    success!
+
+
+### `sbang` as the interpreter
+
+You can also use `sbang` *as* the interpreter for your script. Put
+`#!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang` on line 1, and move the original shebang to
+line 2 of the script:
+
+    1    #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang
+    2    #!/long/path/to/real/interpreter with arguments
+    3
+    4    echo "success!"
+
+    $ ./long-shebang.sh
+    success!
+
+On Linux, you could shorten line 1 to `#!/path/to/sbang`, but other
+operating systems like Mac OS X require the interpreter to be a binary,
+so it's best to use `sbang` as an argument to `/bin/sh`. Obviously, for
+this to work, `sbang` needs to have a short enough path that *it* will
+run without hitting OS limits.
+
+### Other comment syntaxes
+
+For Lua, node, and php scripts, the second line can't start with `#!`, as
+`#` is not the comment character in these languages (though they all
+ignore `#!` on the *first* line of a script). Instrument such scripts
+like this, using `--`, `//`, or `<?php ... ?>` instead of `#` on the
+second line, e.g.:
+
+    1    #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang
+    2    --!/long/path/to/lua with arguments
+    3    print "success!"
+
+    1    #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang
+    2    //!/long/path/to/node with arguments
+    3    print "success!"
+
+    1    #!/bin/sh /path/to/sbang
+    2    <?php #/long/path/to/php with arguments ?>
+    3    <?php echo "success!\n"; ?>
+
+## How it works
+
+`sbang` is a very simple posix shell script. It looks at the first two
+lines of a script argument and runs the last line starting with `#!`,
+with the script as an argument. It also forwards arguments.
+
+
+## Authors
+
+`sbang` was created by Todd Gamblin, [email protected], as part of
+[Spack](https://github.com/spack/spack).
+
+## License
+
+`sbang` is distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the
+Apache License (Version 2.0). Users may choose either license, at their
+option.
+
+All new contributions must be made under both the MIT and Apache-2.0
+licenses.
+
+See [LICENSE-MIT](https://github.com/spack/sbang/blob/develop/LICENSE-MIT),
+[LICENSE-APACHE](https://github.com/spack/sbang/blob/develop/LICENSE-APACHE),
+[COPYRIGHT](https://github.com/spack/sbang/blob/develop/COPYRIGHT), and
+[NOTICE](https://github.com/spack/sbang/blob/develop/NOTICE) for details.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+LLNL-CODE-811652