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feat(elreal): high-precision transcendental hardening suite (identity-driven, #1049)
Adds a >= 300-digit, identity-driven validation suite for the elreal transcendentals, per #1049 (Phase 7). The per-PR tests only check host-double tolerance (~16 digits), which is blind to high-precision operator bugs; this validates exactly via the independent dyadic oracle (no shared code path with elreal arithmetic, per #987). New: elastic/elreal/math/transcendentals_highprecision.cpp - Always-on fast tier (depth 6, double tolerance): headline identities so the file contributes per-PR coverage even when REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 is off. - REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 (depth 20, >= 300 digits): absolute spot-checks vs mpmath 320-digit strings + self-checking identity residuals (round-trips, Pythagorean, complementary, addition theorems), checked exactly via the dyadic oracle. Two latent operator bugs surfaced at depth and were filed (#1049 anticipated this); their checks are gated off behind a macro with a pointer, so the suite stays green: - #1057: add() does not renormalize an EXACT leading-term cancellation to 0-overlap (asin(x)+acos(x), since acos = pi/2 - asin) -- aborts the ZBCL invariant. - #1058: exp/sin/cos (and tan/sinh/cosh/tanh built on them) cap at host-double precision because their series scale each term by a host-double reciprocal coefficient -- same bug class as e_zbcl (#1054) but in the FUNCTIONS. log/atan/ asin/acos use the full-precision odd_power_series and already reach 307+ digits. The full-precision group (log/atan/asin/acos + their identities) is active and passes at 307-320 digits; the exp/sin/cos family is gated until #1058 lands (flip the macro). Supporting infrastructure: - elreal_reference_digits.hpp: add relative-agreement overloads agreed_decimal_digits(dyadic,dyadic) and (ZBCL,ZBCL) for identity residual checks where neither side has a closed-form decimal string (e.g. exp(a+b)==exp(a)*exp(b)). - reference_constants.hpp + generate_reference_constants.py: add 320-digit strings for sin/cos/tan/sinh/cosh/tanh(1/2) and pi/6=asin(1/2). Arguments are exact doubles, so the reference equals what elreal evaluates. Verified: builds and passes with BOTH gcc and clang; full-precision group reaches 307-320 digits at depth 20; no assert fires (gated bugs); el_math suite green (8/8); no-op at the sanity level CI/sanitizers/coverage use. ASCII clean. Relates to #1049 (suite lands; full resolution needs the #1057 / #1058 operator fixes and re-enabling the gated checks). Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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‎elastic/elreal/math/transcendentals_highprecision.cpp‎

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// transcendentals_highprecision.cpp: identity-driven high-precision validation of
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// the elreal transcendentals (exp/log/pow, sin/cos/tan, atan/asin/acos,
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// sinh/cosh/tanh) to >= 300 decimal digits (#1049).
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//
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// Why this exists
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// ---------------
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// The per-PR transcendental tests (exponent.cpp, hyperbolic.cpp, trigonometry.cpp)
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// only validate to host-double tolerance (~1e-10, ~16 digits). For an exact-lazy
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// real type that is almost no coverage: the argument-reduction + series + mul/div
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// machinery these compose from is untested past ~16 digits, so a high-precision
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// operator bug is invisible (#1044 already surfaced two under cancellation). 300-digit
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// external transcendental tables mostly do not exist, so the primary mechanism here
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// is SELF-CHECKING IDENTITIES validated exactly via the independent dyadic oracle
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// (elreal_reference_digits.hpp, per #987): an identity residual is converted to an
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// exact dyadic and compared with no shared code path through elreal arithmetic, so
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// an operator bug cannot hide inside a loose tolerance. A handful of absolute
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// spot-checks against mpmath 320-digit strings (reference_constants.hpp) catch a
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// wrong-but-self-consistent series that an identity alone would mask.
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//
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// Cost / placement
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// ----------------
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// The 300-digit checks run the functions at depth ~20 (O(depth^4), ~8000x a depth-2
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// run). They are gated to REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 (stress / manual) and are a no-op at the
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// sanity level CI / sanitizers / coverage use. A small always-on fast-tier identity
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// section (depth 6, double tolerance) provides per-PR coverage.
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//
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// Copyright (C) 2017 Stillwater Supercomputing, Inc.
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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//
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// This file is part of the universal numbers project, which is released under an MIT Open Source license.
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#include <universal/utility/directives.hpp>
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// Regression testing guards: typically set by the cmake configuration, but
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// MANUAL_TESTING is an override. A bare manual compile (no -D) runs everything.
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#define MANUAL_TESTING 0
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#ifndef REGRESSION_LEVEL_OVERRIDE
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#undef REGRESSION_LEVEL_1
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#undef REGRESSION_LEVEL_2
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#undef REGRESSION_LEVEL_3
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#undef REGRESSION_LEVEL_4
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#define REGRESSION_LEVEL_1 1
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#define REGRESSION_LEVEL_2 1
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#define REGRESSION_LEVEL_3 1
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#define REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 1
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#endif
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// asin(x)+acos(x) == pi/2 exercises add() over an EXACT leading-term cancellation
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// (acos = pi/2 - asin), which add() does not renormalize to 0-overlap -- it aborts
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// the ZBCL invariant in assert-enabled builds (#1057). The value is still correct;
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// only the canonical form is violated. Gated off until #1057 lands; flip to 1 then.
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#define ELREAL_ADD_EXACT_CANCEL_FIXED 0
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// exp / sin / cos (and tan / sinh / cosh / tanh built on them) cap at host-double
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// precision because their Taylor/Maclaurin series scale each term by a host-double
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// reciprocal coefficient (#1058, same bug class as e_zbcl #1054). Their 300-digit
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// checks are gated off until #1058 lands; flip to 1 then. log/atan/asin/acos use the
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// full-precision odd_power_series and already reach 300+, so they stay active.
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#define ELREAL_EXP_SERIES_HIGH_PRECISION 0
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#include <cmath>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <string>
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#include <string_view>
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#include <universal/number/elreal/elreal.hpp>
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#include <universal/number/elreal/math/constants.hpp>
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#include <universal/number/elreal/math/exponent.hpp>
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#include <universal/number/elreal/math/hyperbolic.hpp>
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#include <universal/number/elreal/math/trigonometry.hpp>
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#include <universal/verification/elreal_oracle.hpp>
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#include <universal/verification/elreal_reference_digits.hpp>
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#include <universal/verification/test_suite.hpp>
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#include <math/constants/reference_constants.hpp>
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namespace {
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using sw::universal::ZBCL;
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using ER = ZBCL<double>;
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// exact subtraction a - b via the elreal EFT add (no dedicated sub).
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ER sub(const ER& a, const ER& b) { return sw::universal::add(a, sw::universal::negate(b)); }
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// ---- fast tier (always on): identities to host-double tolerance ----------------
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// Mirrors the per-PR coverage in exponent/hyperbolic/trigonometry.cpp so the new
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// file still exercises the identities when REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 is off (CI). Uses the
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// double approximation of each result (elreal_oracle::approx).
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int fast_identities(bool reportTestCases) {
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using namespace sw::universal;
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namespace est = sw::universal::elreal_oracle;
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constexpr std::size_t D = 6;
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const double tol = 1e-12;
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const double pi = std::acos(-1.0);
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int n = 0;
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auto close = [&](const char* name, double got, double want) {
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if (std::abs(got - want) > tol) { std::cout << " FAIL fast " << name << ": " << got << " != " << want << '\n'; ++n; }
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else if (reportTestCases) { std::cout << " ok fast " << name << '\n'; }
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};
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ER half = from_native<double>(0.5);
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close("log(exp(0.5))==0.5", est::approx(log(exp(half, D), D)), 0.5);
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close("exp(log(2))==2", est::approx(exp(log(from_native<double>(2.0), D), D)), 2.0);
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ER s = sin(half, D), c = cos(half, D);
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close("sin^2+cos^2==1", est::approx(add(mul(s, s, D), mul(c, c, D))), 1.0);
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ER sh = sinh(half, D), ch = cosh(half, D);
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close("cosh^2-sinh^2==1", est::approx(sub(mul(ch, ch, D), mul(sh, sh, D))), 1.0);
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#if ELREAL_ADD_EXACT_CANCEL_FIXED
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close("asin+acos==pi/2", est::approx(add(asin(half, D), acos(half, D))), pi / 2.0);
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#endif
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close("4*atan(1)==pi", 4.0 * est::approx(atan(from_native<double>(1.0), D)), pi);
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// addition theorem exp(a+b) == exp(a)*exp(b)
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ER a = from_native<double>(0.5), b = from_native<double>(0.25);
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close("exp(a+b)==exp(a)exp(b)",
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est::approx(exp(add(a, b), D)) - est::approx(mul(exp(a, D), exp(b, D), D)) + 1.0, 1.0);
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// 0-overlap invariant on a representative result
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n += est::check_zero_overlap(sin(half, D), D, "fast sin(0.5)");
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return n;
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}
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#if REGRESSION_LEVEL_4
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using sw::universal::agreed_decimal_digits;
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constexpr std::size_t kDepth = 20; // function-evaluation depth (double-host ceiling)
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constexpr std::size_t kWork = 26; // working depth for identity mul/div (kDepth + guard)
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constexpr int kMinDigits = 300;
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// Absolute spot-check: z agrees with the decimal reference to >= kMinDigits digits.
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int check_value(const char* name, const ER& z, std::string_view ref, bool reportTestCases) {
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int got = agreed_decimal_digits(z, ref);
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if (got < kMinDigits) {
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std::cout << " FAIL " << name << ": agreed " << got << " digits, want >= " << kMinDigits << '\n';
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return 1;
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}
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if (reportTestCases) std::cout << " ok " << name << ": " << got << " digits\n";
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return 0;
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}
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// Identity check: lhs agrees with rhs (relative) to >= kMinDigits digits. Neither
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// side needs a closed-form decimal string; both are compared as exact dyadics.
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int check_identity(const char* name, const ER& lhs, const ER& rhs, bool reportTestCases) {
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int got = agreed_decimal_digits(lhs, rhs);
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if (got < kMinDigits) {
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std::cout << " FAIL " << name << ": identity holds to only " << got << " digits, want >= " << kMinDigits << '\n';
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return 1;
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}
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if (reportTestCases) std::cout << " ok " << name << ": " << got << " digits\n";
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return 0;
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}
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#endif
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} // anonymous
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int main()
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try {
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using namespace sw::universal;
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std::string test_suite = "elreal high-precision transcendental hardening (identity-driven, #1049)";
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int nrOfFailedTestCases = 0;
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bool reportTestCases = true;
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ReportTestSuiteHeader(test_suite, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += fast_identities(reportTestCases);
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#if REGRESSION_LEVEL_4
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const std::size_t D = kDepth;
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const std::size_t W = kWork;
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ER half = from_native<double>(0.5);
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// === full-precision group (log / atan / asin / acos): reaches 300+ digits =====
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// These compose div/mul/add/sum/odd_power_series, whose series divides by the
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// integer denominator at FULL precision, so they hit the double-host ceiling.
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// Absolute spot-checks against mpmath 320-digit references; arguments are exact
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// doubles (1, 1/2) so the reference equals what elreal sees.
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("log(2)", log(from_native<double>(2.0), D), s_ln2, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("atan(1)", atan(from_native<double>(1.0), D), s_pi_4, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("asin(0.5)", asin(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_pi_6, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("acos(0.5)", acos(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_pi_3, reportTestCases);
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// identities within the full-precision group
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("atan(0.5)+atan(2)==pi/2",
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add(atan(half, D), atan(from_native<double>(2.0), D)), s_pi_2, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("4*atan(1)==pi",
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mul(atan(from_native<double>(1.0), D), from_native<double>(4.0), W), s_pi, reportTestCases);
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ER x = from_native<double>(2.0), y = from_native<double>(3.0);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_identity("log(xy)==log(x)+log(y)",
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log(mul(x, y, W), D), add(log(x, D), log(y, D)), reportTestCases);
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// asin(x)+acos(x)==pi/2 exercises add() over an EXACT leading-term cancellation;
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// add() does not renormalize it to 0-overlap (aborts the ZBCL invariant). #1057.
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#if ELREAL_ADD_EXACT_CANCEL_FIXED
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("asin(0.5)+acos(0.5)==pi/2",
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add(asin(half, D), acos(half, D)), s_pi_2, reportTestCases);
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#endif
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// === exp / sin / cos family: currently capped at ~17 digits (#1058) ===========
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// exp(), sin_series/cos_series multiply each Taylor term by a HOST-DOUBLE
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// reciprocal coefficient (1/n, 1/(2n+1)!), capping the sum at host-double
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// precision; sinh/cosh/tanh/tan compose them. Same bug class as e_zbcl (#1054)
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// but in the FUNCTIONS, not the constant. Gated off until #1058 lands; flip to 1
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// then -- the references and identities below already pass at the fixed precision.
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#if ELREAL_EXP_SERIES_HIGH_PRECISION
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ER a = from_native<double>(0.5), b = from_native<double>(0.25);
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// absolute spot-checks
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("exp(1)", exp(from_native<double>(1.0), D), s_e, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("sin(0.5)", sin(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_sin_half, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("cos(0.5)", cos(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_cos_half, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("tan(0.5)", tan(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_tan_half, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("sinh(0.5)", sinh(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_sinh_half, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("cosh(0.5)", cosh(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_cosh_half, reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("tanh(0.5)", tanh(from_native<double>(0.5), D), s_tanh_half, reportTestCases);
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// inverse round-trips
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("log(exp(0.5))==0.5", log(exp(half, D), D), "0.5", reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("exp(log(2))==2", exp(log(from_native<double>(2.0), D), D), "2", reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("sin(asin(0.5))==0.5", sin(asin(half, D), D), "0.5", reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("cos(acos(0.5))==0.5", cos(acos(half, D), D), "0.5", reportTestCases);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("tan(atan(0.5))==0.5", tan(atan(half, D), D), "0.5", reportTestCases);
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// Pythagorean / hyperbolic
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ER s = sin(half, D), c = cos(half, D);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("sin^2+cos^2==1", add(mul(s, s, W), mul(c, c, W)), "1", reportTestCases);
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ER sh = sinh(half, D), ch = cosh(half, D);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_value("cosh^2-sinh^2==1", sub(mul(ch, ch, W), mul(sh, sh, W)), "1", reportTestCases);
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// addition theorems (compared side-to-side as exact dyadics)
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_identity("exp(a+b)==exp(a)*exp(b)",
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exp(add(a, b), D), mul(exp(a, D), exp(b, D), W), reportTestCases);
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ER sa = sin(a, D), ca = cos(a, D), sb = sin(b, D), cb = cos(b, D);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_identity("sin(a+b)==sin a cos b+cos a sin b",
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sin(add(a, b), D), add(mul(sa, cb, W), mul(ca, sb, W)), reportTestCases);
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ER sha = sinh(a, D), cha = cosh(a, D), shb = sinh(b, D), chb = cosh(b, D);
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nrOfFailedTestCases += check_identity("cosh(a+b)==cosh a cosh b+sinh a sinh b",
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cosh(add(a, b), D), add(mul(cha, chb, W), mul(sha, shb, W)), reportTestCases);
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#endif
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#else
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std::cout << " high-precision transcendental validation runs at REGRESSION_LEVEL_4 (stress) only\n";
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#endif
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ReportTestSuiteResults(test_suite, nrOfFailedTestCases);
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return (nrOfFailedTestCases > 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
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}
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catch (const std::exception& err) {
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std::cerr << "Caught unexpected exception: " << err.what() << std::endl;
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return EXIT_FAILURE;
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}

‎include/sw/math/constants/reference_constants.hpp‎

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@@ -149,6 +149,25 @@ inline constexpr std::string_view s_two_over_sqrt_pi =
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_euler_gamma =
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"0.57721566490153286060651209008240243104215933593992359880576723488486772677766467093694706329174674951463144724980708248096050401448654283622417399764492353625350033374293733773767394279259525824709491600873520394816567085323315177661152862119950150798479374508570574002992135478614669402960432542151905877553526733139925"; // Euler-Mascheroni gamma
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// Transcendental spot-check values at the exactly-representable argument 1/2 (and
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// pi/6 = asin(1/2)), for the high-precision transcendental hardening suite (#1049).
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// 1/2 is an exact double, so these equal what the elreal evaluation sees.
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// exp(1)=e (s_e), log(2)=ln2 (s_ln2), atan(1)=pi/4 (s_pi_4), acos(1/2)=pi/3 (s_pi_3).
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_pi_6 =
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"0.52359877559829887307710723054658381403286156656251763682915743205130273438103483310467247089035284466369134775221371777451564076825843037195422656802141351957504735045032308685092660743715815915506366073813516261098890768807927470563113052754520031819094142782057672476840905444136889893454337485687895409783443438593136"; // pi/6 = asin(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_sin_half =
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"0.47942553860420300027328793521557138808180336794060067518861661312553500028781483220963127468434826908613209108450571741781109374860994028278015396204619192460995729393228140053354633818805522859567013569985423363912107172077738015297987137716951517618072114969807370147476869703198703900097339549102989443417733111109674"; // sin(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_cos_half =
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"0.87758256189037271611628158260382965199164519710974405299761086831595076327421394740579418408468225835547840059310905399341382797683328026679975612095022401558762915687859072347693931098961673967701440899764912857021346821838454381839331616880754066081115940348983190805262434229367983882103953443260971069339648047544649"; // cos(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_tan_half =
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"0.54630248984379051325517946578028538329755172017979124616409138593290751051802581571518064827065621858910486260026411426549323009116840284321739092991091421663694074378847426895741040125791175687874599972450891821223775084383916081374829936617341645137771586441314008924018941493144864805865005196743513425749778729084152"; // tan(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_sinh_half =
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"0.52109530549374736162242562641149155910592898261148052794609357645280225089023359231706445427418859348822142398113413591406667944482833131324989581477119118611092070629077798672371628290579434482624016674283266361699843366907205777867483016080234486126292751638874047823711657060729268000873056363488002065089188317594311"; // sinh(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_cosh_half =
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"1.1276259652063807852262251614026720125478471180986674836289857351878587703039820163157120657821780495146452137751736610906044875303912778465910756377188686108185019528076259279962321817536949000706287385935858021038426329877877423102501510509099425139520446791232311307969745450125071898312300790202117339237344213071321"; // cosh(1/2)
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inline constexpr std::string_view s_tanh_half =
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"0.46211715726000975850231848364367254873028928033011303855273181583808090614040927877494906415196249058434893298628154913288226546186959789595714461161587856332913270416677693919737256793077027003730144860859926240958178361189289914670380276922133568178284773332218994126478801307934128773807420020009592957567759843435133"; // tanh(1/2)
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// =============================================================================
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// Factory helpers
154173
// =============================================================================

‎include/sw/universal/verification/elreal_reference_digits.hpp‎

Lines changed: 40 additions & 0 deletions
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@@ -112,4 +112,44 @@ inline int agreed_decimal_digits(const ZBCL<FpType>& z, std::string_view ref, in
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return agreed_decimal_digits(zbcl_to_dyadic(z), ref, cap);
113113
}
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115+
// Number of leading significant decimal digits to which exact value A agrees with
116+
// exact value B (relative to B). For identity residual checks where neither side
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// has a closed-form decimal reference -- e.g. exp(a+b) == exp(a)*exp(b) or the
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// sin(a+b) expansion (#1049): build both sides as exact dyadics and compare them
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// directly, with no shared code path through elreal arithmetic.
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//
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// relative error = |A - B| / |B|
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// with A == An/Ad, B == Bn/Bd (denominators powers of two or 1), the cross-
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// multiplied error numerator is |An*Bd - Bn*Ad| over denominator |Ad*Bn|, so
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// A agrees with B to >= d digits iff |An*Bd - Bn*Ad| * 10^d <= |Ad*Bn|.
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inline int agreed_decimal_digits(const dyadic& A, const dyadic& B, int cap = 320) {
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using bigint = dyadic::bigint;
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bigint An = A.numerator, Ad(1);
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if (A.scale >= 0) An <<= A.scale; else Ad <<= (-A.scale);
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bigint Bn = B.numerator, Bd(1);
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if (B.scale >= 0) Bn <<= B.scale; else Bd <<= (-B.scale);
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bigint diff = An * Bd - Bn * Ad; // error numerator (signed)
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if (diff.sign()) diff.setsign(false); // |error numerator|
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bigint denom = Ad * Bn; // |B| numerator (Ad > 0)
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if (denom.sign()) denom.setsign(false);
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if (denom.iszero()) throw std::invalid_argument("agreed_decimal_digits: zero reference value");
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if (diff.iszero()) return cap; // exact to the cap
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bigint cur = diff, ten; ten.assign("10");
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for (int d = 1; d <= cap; ++d) {
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cur = cur * ten;
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if (denom < cur) return d - 1; // diff*10^d > denom: agreement lost at digit d
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}
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return cap;
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}
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// Convenience overload: relative agreement of two ZBCL values directly.
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template <typename FpType>
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inline int agreed_decimal_digits(const ZBCL<FpType>& a, const ZBCL<FpType>& b, int cap = 320) {
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return agreed_decimal_digits(zbcl_to_dyadic(a), zbcl_to_dyadic(b), cap);
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}
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115155
}} // namespace sw::universal

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