diff --git a/.github/workflows/cmake_tests.yml b/.github/workflows/cmake_tests.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b12e51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/cmake_tests.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: CMake build
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      update_cmake_lists_config:
+        type: string
+        description: "The configuration used when updating the CMake lists."
+        required: true
+      cmake_build_target_directory:
+        type: string
+        description: "The directory to pass to `cmake build`."
+        default: "."
+      cmake_version:
+        type: string
+        description: "The version of CMake to install."
+        default: ""
+      image:
+        type: string
+        description: "The docker image to run the checks in."
+        default: "swift:6.0-jammy"
+
+jobs:
+  cmake-checks:
+    name: CMake checks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: ${{ inputs.image }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Mark the workspace as safe
+        # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/766
+        run: git config --global --add safe.directory ${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}
+      - name: Check CMakeLists files
+        run: |
+          which curl jq || apt -q update
+          which curl || apt -yq install curl
+          which jq || apt -yq install jq
+          curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swiftlang/github-workflows/refs/heads/main/.github/workflows/scripts/update-cmake-lists.sh | CONFIG_JSON='${{ inputs.update_cmake_lists_config }}' FAIL_ON_CHANGES=true bash
+      - name: CMake build
+        run: |
+          which curl cmake ninja || apt -q update
+          which curl || apt -yq install curl
+          which cmake || apt -yq install cmake
+          which ninja || apt -yq install ninja-build
+          curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swiftlang/github-workflows/refs/heads/main/.github/workflows/scripts/cmake-build.sh | TARGET_DIRECTORY="${{ inputs.cmake_build_target_directory }}" CMAKE_VERSION="${{ inputs.cmake_version }}" bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/cmake-build.sh b/.github/workflows/scripts/cmake-build.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7a0f7d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/cmake-build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+##===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+##
+## This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
+##
+## Copyright (c) 2025 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
+## Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
+##
+## See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
+## See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
+##
+##===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+
+set -uo pipefail
+
+log() { printf -- "** %s\n" "$*" >&2; }
+error() { printf -- "** ERROR: %s\n" "$*" >&2; }
+fatal() { error "$@"; exit 1; }
+
+target_dir="${TARGET_DIRECTORY:=""}"
+
+if [ -z "$target_dir" ]; then
+  fatal "Target directory must be specified."
+fi
+
+CURL_BIN="${CURL_BIN:-$(which curl)}" || fatal "CURL_BIN unset and no curl on PATH"
+TAR_BIN="${TAR_BIN:-$(which tar)}" || fatal "TAR_BIN unset and no tar on PATH"
+CMAKE_BIN="${CMAKE_BIN:-$(which cmake)}" || fatal "CMAKE_BIN unset and no cmake on PATH"
+NINJA_BIN="${NINJA_BIN:-$(which ninja)}" || fatal "NINJA_BIN unset and no ninja on PATH"
+ASSEMBLY_COMPILER_BIN="${ASSEMBLY_COMPILER_BIN:-$(which clang)}" || fatal "ASSEMBLY_COMPILER_BIN unset and no clang on PATH"
+
+log "Building Ninja build files for target"
+build_dir="${target_dir}/build"
+mkdir -p "$build_dir"
+cd "${build_dir}" || fatal "Could not 'cd' to ${build_dir}"
+ASM="$ASSEMBLY_COMPILER_BIN" "$CMAKE_BIN" build -G Ninja -S ..
+
+log "Building target"
+"$NINJA_BIN"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/scripts/update-cmake-lists.sh b/.github/workflows/scripts/update-cmake-lists.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..30fecaf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/scripts/update-cmake-lists.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+##===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+##
+## This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
+##
+## Copyright (c) 2025 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
+## Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
+##
+## See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
+## See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
+##
+##===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+
+set -eu
+
+log() { printf -- "** %s\n" "$*" >&2; }
+error() { printf -- "** ERROR: %s\n" "$*" >&2; }
+fatal() { error "$@"; exit 1; }
+
+config="${CONFIG_JSON:=""}"
+fail_on_changes="${FAIL_ON_CHANGES:="false"}"
+
+if [ -z "$config" ]; then
+  fatal "Configuration must be provided."
+fi
+
+here=$(pwd)
+
+case "$(uname -s)" in
+    Darwin)
+        find=gfind # brew install findutils
+        ;;
+    *)
+        find='find'
+        ;;
+esac
+
+function update_cmakelists_source() {
+    src_root="$here/Sources/$1"
+
+    src_exts=("*.c" "*.swift" "*.cc")
+    num_exts=${#src_exts[@]}
+    log "Finding source files (" "${src_exts[@]}" ") and platform independent assembly files under $src_root"
+
+    # Build file extensions argument for `find`
+    declare -a exts_arg
+    exts_arg+=(-name "${src_exts[0]}")
+    for (( i=1; i<num_exts; i++ ));
+    do
+        exts_arg+=(-o -name "${src_exts[$i]}")
+    done
+    
+    # Build an array with the rest of the arguments
+    shift
+    exceptions=("$@")
+    # Add path exceptions for `find`
+    if (( ${#exceptions[@]} )); then
+        log "Excluding source paths (" "${exceptions[@]}" ") under $src_root"
+        num_exceptions=${#exceptions[@]}
+        for (( i=0; i<num_exceptions; i++ ));
+        do
+            exts_arg+=(! -path "${exceptions[$i]}")
+        done
+    fi
+
+    # Wrap quotes around each filename since it might contain spaces
+    srcs=$($find -L "${src_root}" -type f \( "${exts_arg[@]}" \) -printf '  "%P"\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+    asm_srcs=$($find -L "${src_root}" -type f \( \( -name "*.S" -a ! -name "*x86_64*" -a ! -name "*arm*" -a ! -name "*apple*" -a ! -name "*linux*" \) \) -printf '  "$<$<NOT:$<PLATFORM_ID:Windows>>:%P>"\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+
+    srcs="$srcs"$'\n'"$asm_srcs"
+    log "$srcs"
+
+    # Update list of source files in CMakeLists.txt
+    # The first part in `BEGIN` (i.e., `undef $/;`) is for working with multi-line;
+    # the second is so that we can pass in a variable to replace with.
+    perl -pi -e 'BEGIN { undef $/; $replace = shift } s/add_library\(([^\n]+)\n([^\)]+)/add_library\($1\n$replace/' "$srcs" "$src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+    log "Updated $src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+}
+
+function update_cmakelists_assembly() {
+    src_root="$here/Sources/$1"
+    log "Finding assembly files (.S) under $src_root"
+
+    mac_x86_64_asms=$($find "${src_root}" -type f \( -name "*x86_64*" -or -name "*avx2*" \) -name "*apple*" -name "*.S" -printf '    %P\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+    linux_x86_64_asms=$($find "${src_root}" -type f \( -name "*x86_64*" -or -name "*avx2*" \) -name "*linux*" -name "*.S" -printf '    %P\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+    mac_aarch64_asms=$($find "${src_root}" -type f -name "*armv8*" -name "*apple*" -name "*.S" -printf '    %P\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+    linux_aarch64_asms=$($find "${src_root}" -type f -name "*armv8*" -name "*linux*" -name "*.S" -printf '    %P\n' | LC_ALL=POSIX sort)
+    log "$mac_x86_64_asms"
+    log "$linux_x86_64_asms"
+    log "$mac_aarch64_asms"
+    log "$linux_aarch64_asms"
+    
+    # Update list of assembly files in CMakeLists.txt
+    # The first part in `BEGIN` (i.e., `undef $/;`) is for working with multi-line;
+    # the second is so that we can pass in a variable to replace with.
+    perl -pi -e 'BEGIN { undef $/; $replace = shift } s/Darwin([^\)]+)x86_64"\)\n  target_sources\(([^\n]+)\n([^\)]+)/Darwin$1x86_64"\)\n  target_sources\($2\n$replace/' "$mac_x86_64_asms" "$src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+    perl -pi -e 'BEGIN { undef $/; $replace = shift } s/Linux([^\)]+)x86_64"\)\n  target_sources\(([^\n]+)\n([^\)]+)/Linux$1x86_64"\)\n  target_sources\($2\n$replace/' "$linux_x86_64_asms" "$src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+    perl -pi -e 'BEGIN { undef $/; $replace = shift } s/Darwin([^\)]+)aarch64"\)\n  target_sources\(([^\n]+)\n([^\)]+)/Darwin$1aarch64"\)\n  target_sources\($2\n$replace/' "$mac_aarch64_asms" "$src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+    perl -pi -e 'BEGIN { undef $/; $replace = shift } s/Linux([^\)]+)aarch64"\)\n  target_sources\(([^\n]+)\n([^\)]+)/Linux$1aarch64"\)\n  target_sources\($2\n$replace/' "$linux_aarch64_asms" "$src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+    log "Updated $src_root/CMakeLists.txt"
+}
+
+echo "$config" | jq -c '.targets[]' | while read -r target; do
+    name="$(echo "$target" | jq -r .name)"
+    type="$(echo "$target" | jq -r .type)"
+    exceptions=("$(echo "$target" | jq -r .exceptions | jq -r @sh)")
+    log "Updating cmake list for ${name}"
+    
+    case "$type" in
+        source)
+            update_cmakelists_source "$name" "${exceptions[@]}"
+            ;;
+        assembly)
+            update_cmakelists_assembly "$name"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            fatal "Unknown target type: $type"
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+if [[ "${fail_on_changes}" == true ]]; then
+    if [ -n "$(git status --untracked-files=no --porcelain)" ]; then
+        fatal "Changes in the cmake files detected. Please update."
+    else
+        log "✅ CMake files are up-to-date."
+    fi
+fi