clase-2-terminado.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Gráficos básicos\n",
    "\n",
    "Información importante:\n",
    "* Documentación oficial de Altair: [altair-viz.github.io](https://altair-viz.github.io/index.html)\n",
    "* Repositorio en GitHub: [tacosdedatos/codigofacilito-dataviz-efectiva](https://github.com/tacosdedatos/codigofacilito-dataviz-efectiva)\n",
    "\n",
    "* La manera de codificar (encoding) datos en Altair\n",
    "* Objetos en Altair\n",
    "  - Ejes o _axes_\n",
    "  - Escalas o _scales_\n",
    "  - Marcas gráficas o _marks_\n",
    "* Configuraciones\n",
    "  - de elementos\n",
    "  - de gráficos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import altair as alt\n",
    "import pandas as pd \n",
    "from vega_datasets import data as vega_data\n",
    "data = vega_data.gapminder()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>cluster</th>\n",
       "      <th>pop</th>\n",
       "      <th>life_expect</th>\n",
       "      <th>fertility</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1955</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8891209</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.332</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1960</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9829450</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.997</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1965</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10997885</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.020</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1970</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12430623</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.088</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1975</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14132019</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.438</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year      country  cluster       pop  life_expect  fertility\n",
       "0  1955  Afghanistan        0   8891209       30.332        7.7\n",
       "1  1960  Afghanistan        0   9829450       31.997        7.7\n",
       "2  1965  Afghanistan        0  10997885       34.020        7.7\n",
       "3  1970  Afghanistan        0  12430623       36.088        7.7\n",
       "4  1975  Afghanistan        0  14132019       38.438        7.7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data['year'] = pd.to_datetime(data['year'], format = \"%Y\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>cluster</th>\n",
       "      <th>pop</th>\n",
       "      <th>life_expect</th>\n",
       "      <th>fertility</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1955-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8891209</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.332</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1960-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9829450</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.997</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1965-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10997885</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.020</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1970-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12430623</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.088</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1975-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Afghanistan</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14132019</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.438</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        year      country  cluster       pop  life_expect  fertility\n",
       "0 1955-01-01  Afghanistan        0   8891209       30.332        7.7\n",
       "1 1960-01-01  Afghanistan        0   9829450       31.997        7.7\n",
       "2 1965-01-01  Afghanistan        0  10997885       34.020        7.7\n",
       "3 1970-01-01  Afghanistan        0  12430623       36.088        7.7\n",
       "4 1975-01-01  Afghanistan        0  14132019       38.438        7.7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "year           datetime64[ns]\n",
       "country                object\n",
       "cluster                 int64\n",
       "pop                     int64\n",
       "life_expect           float64\n",
       "fertility             float64\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Filtrar datos"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "PAIS_DE_INTERES = 'Mexico'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mascara_country = data['country'] == PAIS_DE_INTERES\n",
    "datos_pais = data[mascara_country]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>country</th>\n",
       "      <th>cluster</th>\n",
       "      <th>pop</th>\n",
       "      <th>life_expect</th>\n",
       "      <th>fertility</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>484</th>\n",
       "      <td>1955-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>32929914</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.190</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.8000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>485</th>\n",
       "      <td>1960-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>38578505</td>\n",
       "      <td>58.299</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.7495</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>486</th>\n",
       "      <td>1965-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>45142399</td>\n",
       "      <td>60.110</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.7495</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>487</th>\n",
       "      <td>1970-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>52775158</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.361</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.5000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>488</th>\n",
       "      <td>1975-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>60678045</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.032</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2505</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>489</th>\n",
       "      <td>1980-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>68347479</td>\n",
       "      <td>67.405</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>490</th>\n",
       "      <td>1985-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>76767225</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.498</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.6295</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>491</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>84913652</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.455</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1905</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>492</th>\n",
       "      <td>1995-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>92880353</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.670</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6705</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>493</th>\n",
       "      <td>2000-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>99926620</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.902</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.4005</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>494</th>\n",
       "      <td>2005-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>106202903</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.195</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2110</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          year country  cluster        pop  life_expect  fertility\n",
       "484 1955-01-01  Mexico        3   32929914       55.190     6.8000\n",
       "485 1960-01-01  Mexico        3   38578505       58.299     6.7495\n",
       "486 1965-01-01  Mexico        3   45142399       60.110     6.7495\n",
       "487 1970-01-01  Mexico        3   52775158       62.361     6.5000\n",
       "488 1975-01-01  Mexico        3   60678045       65.032     5.2505\n",
       "489 1980-01-01  Mexico        3   68347479       67.405     4.2500\n",
       "490 1985-01-01  Mexico        3   76767225       69.498     3.6295\n",
       "491 1990-01-01  Mexico        3   84913652       71.455     3.1905\n",
       "492 1995-01-01  Mexico        3   92880353       73.670     2.6705\n",
       "493 2000-01-01  Mexico        3   99926620       74.902     2.4005\n",
       "494 2005-01-01  Mexico        3  106202903       76.195     2.2110"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "datos_pais"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Barras"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alt.Chart(datos_pais).mark_bar().encode(\n",
    "    x = alt.X('year:T'),\n",
    "    y = alt.Y('pop', title = 'Población', axis = alt.Axis(format=\",.3s\")),\n",
    "    color = alt.Color(\"country\")\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def pais_chart(pais: str = 'Mexico'):\n",
    "    mascara_country = data['country'] == pais\n",
    "    datos_pais = data[mascara_country]\n",
    "    grafico = alt.Chart(datos_pais).mark_bar().encode(\n",
    "        x = alt.X('year(year):O'),\n",
    "        y = alt.Y('pop', title = 'Población', axis = alt.Axis(format=\",.3s\")),\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    return grafico"
   ]
  },
  {
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      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
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     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pais_chart()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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\"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Saudi Arabia\", \"cluster\": 5, \"pop\": 26417599, \"life_expect\": 72.777, \"fertility\": 3.352}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 15368551, \"life_expect\": 47.985, \"fertility\": 6.5}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 17416653, \"life_expect\": 49.951, \"fertility\": 6.3}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 19898242, \"life_expect\": 51.927, \"fertility\": 5.7}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 22739921, \"life_expect\": 53.696, \"fertility\": 5.47}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 25815144, \"life_expect\": 55.527, \"fertility\": 5.0}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"South Africa\", \"cluster\": 2, \"pop\": 29251588, \"life_expect\": 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\"pop\": 39749715, \"life_expect\": 78.77, \"fertility\": 1.182}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Spain\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 40016081, \"life_expect\": 79.78, \"fertility\": 1.287}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Spain\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 40341462, \"life_expect\": 80.941, \"fertility\": 1.409}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 4980000, \"life_expect\": 70.56, \"fertility\": 2.34}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 5362000, \"life_expect\": 71.32, \"fertility\": 2.5100000000000002}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 5943000, \"life_expect\": 72.77, \"fertility\": 2.27}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 6267000, \"life_expect\": 73.78, \"fertility\": 1.82}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 6403500, \"life_expect\": 75.39, \"fertility\": 1.53}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 6385229, \"life_expect\": 76.21, \"fertility\": 1.53}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 6563770, \"life_expect\": 77.41, \"fertility\": 1.53}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 6836626, \"life_expect\": 78.03, \"fertility\": 1.54}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 7157106, \"life_expect\": 79.37, \"fertility\": 1.47}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 7266920, \"life_expect\": 80.62, \"fertility\": 1.415}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Switzerland\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 7489370, \"life_expect\": 81.701, \"fertility\": 1.42}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 24144571, \"life_expect\": 48.079, \"fertility\": 6.6}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 28217122, \"life_expect\": 52.098, \"fertility\": 6.19}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 31950718, \"life_expect\": 54.336, \"fertility\": 5.7}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 35758382, \"life_expect\": 57.005, \"fertility\": 5.3}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 40529798, \"life_expect\": 59.507, \"fertility\": 4.715}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 45120802, \"life_expect\": 61.036, \"fertility\": 4.15}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 50669003, \"life_expect\": 63.108, \"fertility\": 3.276}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 56084632, \"life_expect\": 66.146, \"fertility\": 2.904}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 61188984, \"life_expect\": 68.835, \"fertility\": 2.574}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 65666677, \"life_expect\": 70.845, \"fertility\": 2.23}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Turkey\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 69660559, \"life_expect\": 71.777, \"fertility\": 2.143}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 50946000, \"life_expect\": 70.42, \"fertility\": 2.49}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 52372000, \"life_expect\": 70.76, \"fertility\": 2.81}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 54350000, \"life_expect\": 71.36, \"fertility\": 2.52}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 55632000, \"life_expect\": 72.01, \"fertility\": 2.04}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 56215000, \"life_expect\": 72.76, \"fertility\": 1.72}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 56314000, \"life_expect\": 74.04, \"fertility\": 1.8}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 56620240, \"life_expect\": 75.007, \"fertility\": 1.81}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 57493307, \"life_expect\": 76.42, \"fertility\": 1.78}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 58426014, \"life_expect\": 77.218, \"fertility\": 1.7}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 59522468, \"life_expect\": 78.471, \"fertility\": 1.695}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United Kingdom\", \"cluster\": 1, \"pop\": 60441457, \"life_expect\": 79.425, \"fertility\": 1.815}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 165931000, \"life_expect\": 69.49, \"fertility\": 3.706}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 180671000, \"life_expect\": 70.21, \"fertility\": 3.314}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 194303000, \"life_expect\": 70.76, \"fertility\": 2.545}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 205052000, \"life_expect\": 71.34, \"fertility\": 2.016}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 215973000, \"life_expect\": 73.38, \"fertility\": 1.788}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 227726463, \"life_expect\": 74.65, \"fertility\": 1.825}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 238466283, \"life_expect\": 75.02, \"fertility\": 1.924}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 250131894, \"life_expect\": 76.09, \"fertility\": 2.025}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 266557091, \"life_expect\": 76.81, \"fertility\": 1.994}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 282338631, \"life_expect\": 77.31, \"fertility\": 2.038}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 295734134, \"life_expect\": 78.242, \"fertility\": 2.054}, {\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 6170497, \"life_expect\": 57.907, \"fertility\": 6.4585}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 7556483, \"life_expect\": 60.77, \"fertility\": 6.657}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 9067735, \"life_expect\": 63.479, \"fertility\": 5.9045}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 10758017, \"life_expect\": 65.712, \"fertility\": 4.941}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 12674987, \"life_expect\": 67.456, \"fertility\": 4.4685}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 14767890, \"life_expect\": 68.557, \"fertility\": 3.957}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 16997509, \"life_expect\": 70.19, \"fertility\": 3.6485}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 19325222, \"life_expect\": 71.15, \"fertility\": 3.25}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 21555902, \"life_expect\": 72.146, \"fertility\": 2.9415}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 23542649, \"life_expect\": 72.766, \"fertility\": 2.723}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 25375281, \"life_expect\": 73.747, \"fertility\": 2.547}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alt.Chart(data).mark_bar().encode(\n",
    "    x = alt.X(\"year(year):O\", title = \"\"),\n",
    "    y = alt.Y(\"pop\", title = \"\"),\n",
    "    column= alt.Column(\"country\", title = \"\")\n",
    ").transform_filter(\n",
    "    (alt.datum.country == 'Mexico') | (alt.datum.country == 'Argentina')\n",
    ").properties(\n",
    "    title = \"Población de 1955 - 2005\"\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "</script>"
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       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"5.20.1\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 300, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-b7dabe8977863874d97941727bada143\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"bar\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year\", \"timeUnit\": \"year\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \",.3s\"}, \"field\": \"pop\", \"title\": \"Poblaci\\u00f3n\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.20.1.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-b7dabe8977863874d97941727bada143\": [{\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 165931000, \"life_expect\": 69.49, \"fertility\": 3.706}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 180671000, \"life_expect\": 70.21, \"fertility\": 3.314}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 194303000, \"life_expect\": 70.76, \"fertility\": 2.545}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 205052000, \"life_expect\": 71.34, \"fertility\": 2.016}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 215973000, \"life_expect\": 73.38, \"fertility\": 1.788}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 227726463, \"life_expect\": 74.65, \"fertility\": 1.825}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 238466283, \"life_expect\": 75.02, \"fertility\": 1.924}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 250131894, \"life_expect\": 76.09, \"fertility\": 2.025}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 266557091, \"life_expect\": 76.81, \"fertility\": 1.994}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 282338631, \"life_expect\": 77.31, \"fertility\": 2.038}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"United States\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 295734134, \"life_expect\": 78.242, \"fertility\": 2.054}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "  #altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a.vega-embed {\n",
       "    width: 100%;\n",
       "    display: flex;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "\n",
       "  #altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a.vega-embed details,\n",
       "  #altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a.vega-embed details summary {\n",
       "    position: relative;\n",
       "  }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<div id=\"altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a\"></div>\n",
       "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
       "  var VEGA_DEBUG = (typeof VEGA_DEBUG == \"undefined\") ? {} : VEGA_DEBUG;\n",
       "  (function(spec, embedOpt){\n",
       "    let outputDiv = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling;\n",
       "    if (outputDiv.id !== \"altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a\") {\n",
       "      outputDiv = document.getElementById(\"altair-viz-3c000be84e1249e9a9ec8330b853b01a\");\n",
       "    }\n",
       "    const paths = {\n",
       "      \"vega\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega@5?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lib\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega-lib?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-lite\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega-lite@5.20.1?noext\",\n",
       "      \"vega-embed\": \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vega-embed@6?noext\",\n",
       "    };\n",
       "\n",
       "    function maybeLoadScript(lib, version) {\n",
       "      var key = `${lib.replace(\"-\", \"\")}_version`;\n",
       "      return (VEGA_DEBUG[key] == version) ?\n",
       "        Promise.resolve(paths[lib]) :\n",
       "        new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n",
       "          var s = document.createElement('script');\n",
       "          document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(s);\n",
       "          s.async = true;\n",
       "          s.onload = () => {\n",
       "            VEGA_DEBUG[key] = version;\n",
       "            return resolve(paths[lib]);\n",
       "          };\n",
       "          s.onerror = () => reject(`Error loading script: ${paths[lib]}`);\n",
       "          s.src = paths[lib];\n",
       "        });\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function showError(err) {\n",
       "      outputDiv.innerHTML = `<div class=\"error\" style=\"color:red;\">${err}</div>`;\n",
       "      throw err;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    function displayChart(vegaEmbed) {\n",
       "      vegaEmbed(outputDiv, spec, embedOpt)\n",
       "        .catch(err => showError(`Javascript Error: ${err.message}<br>This usually means there's a typo in your chart specification. See the javascript console for the full traceback.`));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    if(typeof define === \"function\" && define.amd) {\n",
       "      requirejs.config({paths});\n",
       "      require([\"vega-embed\"], displayChart, err => showError(`Error loading script: ${err.message}`));\n",
       "    } else {\n",
       "      maybeLoadScript(\"vega\", \"5\")\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-lite\", \"5.20.1\"))\n",
       "        .then(() => maybeLoadScript(\"vega-embed\", \"6\"))\n",
       "        .catch(showError)\n",
       "        .then(() => displayChart(vegaEmbed));\n",
       "    }\n",
       "  })({\"config\": {\"view\": {\"continuousWidth\": 300, \"continuousHeight\": 300}}, \"data\": {\"name\": \"data-2d48c6f4143db56f050b322afff2801c\"}, \"mark\": {\"type\": \"bar\"}, \"encoding\": {\"x\": {\"field\": \"year\", \"timeUnit\": \"year\", \"type\": \"ordinal\"}, \"y\": {\"axis\": {\"format\": \",.3s\"}, \"field\": \"pop\", \"title\": \"Poblaci\\u00f3n\", \"type\": \"quantitative\"}}, \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega-lite/v5.20.1.json\", \"datasets\": {\"data-2d48c6f4143db56f050b322afff2801c\": [{\"year\": \"1955-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 6170497, \"life_expect\": 57.907, \"fertility\": 6.4585}, {\"year\": \"1960-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 7556483, \"life_expect\": 60.77, \"fertility\": 6.657}, {\"year\": \"1965-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 9067735, \"life_expect\": 63.479, \"fertility\": 5.9045}, {\"year\": \"1970-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 10758017, \"life_expect\": 65.712, \"fertility\": 4.941}, {\"year\": \"1975-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 12674987, \"life_expect\": 67.456, \"fertility\": 4.4685}, {\"year\": \"1980-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 14767890, \"life_expect\": 68.557, \"fertility\": 3.957}, {\"year\": \"1985-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 16997509, \"life_expect\": 70.19, \"fertility\": 3.6485}, {\"year\": \"1990-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 19325222, \"life_expect\": 71.15, \"fertility\": 3.25}, {\"year\": \"1995-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 21555902, \"life_expect\": 72.146, \"fertility\": 2.9415}, {\"year\": \"2000-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 23542649, \"life_expect\": 72.766, \"fertility\": 2.723}, {\"year\": \"2005-01-01T00:00:00\", \"country\": \"Venezuela\", \"cluster\": 3, \"pop\": 25375281, \"life_expect\": 73.747, \"fertility\": 2.547}]}}, {\"mode\": \"vega-lite\"});\n",
       "</script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "alt.Chart(...)"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for pais in data['country'].unique():\n",
    "    display(pais_chart(pais))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Barras+"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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