diff --git a/.cirrus.yml b/.cirrus.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f7a1d79..00000000
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-only_if: $CIRRUS_TAG == '' && ($CIRRUS_PR != '' || $CIRRUS_BRANCH == 'main')
-auto_cancellation: $CIRRUS_PR != ''
-env:
-  CARGO_INCREMENTAL: '0'
-  CARGO_NET_RETRY: '10'
-  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
-  RUST_BACKTRACE: '1'
-  RUST_TEST_THREADS: '1'
-  RUSTDOCFLAGS: -D warnings
-  RUSTFLAGS: -D warnings --cfg portable_atomic_unstable_f16 --cfg quickcheck_unstable_f16 --cfg rand_unstable_f16 --cfg portable_atomic_unstable_f128 --cfg quickcheck_unstable_f128 --cfg rand_unstable_f128
-  RUSTUP_MAX_RETRIES: '10'
-  PORTABLE_ATOMIC_DENY_WARNINGS: '1'
-
-aarch64_linux_test_task:
-  name: test ($TARGET)
-  env:
-    TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-  arm_container:
-    image: rust
-  setup_script:
-    - set -CeEuxo pipefail
-    - |
-      retry() {
-        for i in {1..10}; do
-          if "$@"; then
-            return 0
-          else
-            sleep "${i}"
-          fi
-        done
-        "$@"
-      }
-    - lscpu
-    - retry rustup toolchain add nightly --no-self-update && rustup default nightly
-    # - retry apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -qq update && retry apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install -y --no-install-recommends moreutils
-    - retry curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -fsSL "https://github.com/taiki-e/cargo-hack/releases/latest/download/cargo-hack-${TARGET}.tar.gz" | tar xzf - -C "${CARGO_HOME}/bin"
-  test_script:
-    - set -CeEuxo pipefail
-    - ./tools/test.sh -vv
-    # We test doctest only once with the default build conditions because doctest is slow. Both api-test
-    # and src/tests have extended copies of doctest, so this will not reduce test coverage.
-    # outline-atomics is enabled by default on linux-gnu and linux-musl with dynamic linking.
-    - RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics" RUSTDOCFLAGS="${RUSTDOCFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics" ./tools/test.sh -vv --tests
-    # +lse
-    # Neoverse N1 is Armv8.2 and doesn't support FEAT_LSE2.
-    # FEAT_LSE2 is tested on AArch64 macOS VM.
-    - RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} -C target-feature=+lse" RUSTDOCFLAGS="${RUSTDOCFLAGS} -C target-feature=+lse" ./tools/test.sh -vv --tests
-
-aarch64_linux_valgrind_task:
-  name: valgrind ($TARGET)
-  env:
-    TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
-  arm_container:
-    image: rust
-  setup_script:
-    - set -CeEuxo pipefail
-    - |
-      retry() {
-        for i in {1..10}; do
-          if "$@"; then
-            return 0
-          else
-            sleep "${i}"
-          fi
-        done
-        "$@"
-      }
-    - retry rustup toolchain add nightly --no-self-update && rustup default nightly
-    - retry apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -qq update && retry apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install -y --no-install-recommends valgrind # moreutils
-    - retry curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -fsSL "https://github.com/taiki-e/cargo-hack/releases/latest/download/cargo-hack-${TARGET}.tar.gz" | tar xzf - -C "${CARGO_HOME}/bin"
-  test_script:
-    - set -CeEuxo pipefail
-    - ./tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
-    # outline-atomics is enabled by default on linux-gnu and linux-musl with dynamic linking.
-    - RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics" RUSTDOCFLAGS="${RUSTDOCFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics" ./tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
-    # +lse
-    # As of Valgrind 3.19, Valgrind supports atomic instructions of Armv8.0 and Armv8.1 (FEAT_LSE).
-    - RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} -C target-feature=+lse" RUSTDOCFLAGS="${RUSTDOCFLAGS} -C target-feature=+lse" ./tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1237b363..982579b9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ jobs:
         # - LLVM 7  : stable 1.29,        ?                         - ?
         # - LLVM 8  : stable 1.30 - 1.37, ?                         - ?
         # - LLVM 9  : stable 1.38 - 1.44, ?                         - ?
-        # - LLVM 10 : stable 1.45 - 1.46, ?                         - ?
-        # - LLVM 11 : stable 1.47 - 1.51, ?                         - ?
-        # - LLVM 12 : stable 1.52 - 1.55, ?                         - nightly-2021-08-21 (1.56)
+        # - LLVM 10 : stable 1.45 - 1.46, ?                         - nightly-2020-08-23 (1.47)
+        # - LLVM 11 : stable 1.47 - 1.51, nightly-2020-08-24 (1.47) - nightly-2021-03-04 (1.52)
+        # - LLVM 12 : stable 1.52 - 1.55, nightly-2021-03-05 (1.52) - nightly-2021-08-21 (1.56)
         # - LLVM 13 : stable 1.56 - 1.59, nightly-2021-08-22 (1.56) - nightly-2022-02-17 (1.60)
         # - LLVM 14 : stable 1.60 - 1.64, nightly-2022-02-18 (1.60) - nightly-2022-08-12 (1.65)
         # - LLVM 15 : stable 1.65 - 1.69, nightly-2022-08-13 (1.65) - nightly-2023-03-25 (1.70)
@@ -95,71 +95,150 @@ jobs:
         # - LLVM 16 : stable 1.76 - 1.78, since https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/117947
         # - LLVM 17 : stable 1.79 - 1.82, since https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122649
         # - LLVM 18 : stable 1.83 -     , since https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/130487
-        # NOTE that some commented-out LLVM version entries are kept here, which may be temporarily uncommented if
+        # Note that some commented-out LLVM version entries are kept here, which may be temporarily uncommented if
         # needed to investigate possible issues that may arise between LLVM and code generated for certain targets.
         include:
-          - rust: '1.56'
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - rust: '1.56' # LLVM 13
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: '1.64' # LLVM 14
+          #   target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: '1.69' # LLVM 15
+          #   target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: '1.72' # LLVM 16
+          #   target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: '1.77' # LLVM 17
+          #   target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: '1.81' # LLVM 18
+          #   target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: stable
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: beta
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             flags: -C panic=abort -Z panic_abort_tests
           - rust: nightly
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
             flags: -Z codegen-backend=cranelift
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # x86_64-apple-darwin
           - rust: nightly
-            # target: x86_64-apple-darwin
-            os: macos-13 # x86_64
+            target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-13
           - rust: nightly
-            # target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+            target: x86_64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest # Rosetta on AArch64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+          - rust: nightly
+            target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
             os: windows-latest
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
           - rust: nightly-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-            # target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+            target: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
             os: windows-latest
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # i686-pc-windows-msvc
           - rust: nightly-i686-pc-windows-msvc
-            # target: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+            target: i686-pc-windows-msvc
             os: windows-latest
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # i686-pc-windows-gnu
           - rust: nightly-i686-pc-windows-gnu
-            # target: i686-pc-windows-gnu
+            target: i686-pc-windows-gnu
             os: windows-latest
-          - rust: nightly
-            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
-            os: macos-latest # AArch64
-          - rust: nightly
-            target: aarch64-apple-ios-macabi
-            os: macos-latest # AArch64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           # - rust: '1.64' # LLVM 14
           #   target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          #   os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           # - rust: '1.69' # LLVM 15
           #   target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          #   os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           # - rust: '1.72' # LLVM 16
           #   target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          #   os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           # - rust: '1.77' # LLVM 17
           #   target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          #   os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           # - rust: '1.81' # LLVM 18
           #   target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          #   os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - rust: stable
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - rust: beta
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - rust: nightly
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - rust: nightly
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-latest # QEMU on x86_64
+          - rust: nightly
+            target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
             flags: -Z codegen-backend=cranelift
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-apple-darwin
+          - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          # - rust: '1.64' # LLVM 14
+          #   target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          #   os: macos-latest
+          # - rust: '1.69' # LLVM 15
+          #   target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          #   os: macos-latest
+          # - rust: '1.72' # LLVM 16
+          #   target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          #   os: macos-latest
+          # - rust: '1.77' # LLVM 17
+          #   target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          #   os: macos-latest
+          # - rust: '1.81' # LLVM 18
+          #   target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+          #   os: macos-latest
+          - rust: stable
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          - rust: beta
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          - rust: nightly
+            target: aarch64-apple-darwin
+            os: macos-latest
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-apple-ios-macabi
+          - rust: nightly
+            target: aarch64-apple-ios-macabi
+            os: macos-latest
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2024-11-07 # TODO: https://github.com/BurntSushi/memchr/pull/162
             target: aarch64_be-unknown-linux-gnu
             os: ubuntu-22.04
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
           - rust: stable
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
           - rust: stable
@@ -170,63 +249,129 @@ jobs:
           - rust: nightly
             target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
             flags: -C target-feature=-crt-static
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-linux-android
           - rust: stable
             target: aarch64-linux-android
           - rust: nightly
             target: aarch64-linux-android
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm
           # TODO: flaky
           # - rust: nightly
           #   target: aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
             target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
             target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: '1.64' # LLVM 14
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: '1.69' # LLVM 15
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: '1.72' # LLVM 16
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: '1.77' # LLVM 17
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: '1.81' # LLVM 18
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: stable
             target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # - rust: beta
+          #   target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: nightly-2024-11-27 # TODO: LLVM bug with release build
             target: armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: nightly
             target: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: nightly
             target: armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
           - rust: nightly
             target: armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi
           - rust: nightly
             target: armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi
             os: ubuntu-22.04
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # arm-linux-androideabi
           # TODO: backtrace bug: panicked at /home/runner/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/std/src/../../backtrace/src/symbolize/gimli/libs_dl_iterate_phdr.rs:48:30:
           - rust: nightly-2024-08-30
             target: arm-linux-androideabi
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # i586-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: i586-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # i686-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
             target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
             target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: '1.64' # LLVM 14
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: '1.69' # LLVM 15
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: '1.72' # LLVM 16
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: '1.77' # LLVM 17
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: '1.81' # LLVM 18
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: stable
             target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: beta
+          #   target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mips-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: mips-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
           - rust: nightly
             target: mips64-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
           - rust: nightly
             target: mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mipsisa32r6-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: mipsisa32r6-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mipsisa32r6el-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: mipsisa32r6el-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mipsisa64r6-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
           - rust: nightly
             target: mipsisa64r6-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # mipsisa64r6el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
           - rust: nightly
             target: mipsisa64r6el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2022-02-13 # Rust 1.60, LLVM 13 (oldest version we can use asm_experimental_arch on this target)
             target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: nightly-2022-08-12 # Rust 1.65, LLVM 14
@@ -241,6 +386,8 @@ jobs:
           #   target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2022-02-13 # Rust 1.60, LLVM 13 (oldest version we can use asm_experimental_arch on this target)
             target: powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: nightly-2022-08-12 # Rust 1.65, LLVM 14
@@ -255,6 +402,8 @@ jobs:
           #   target: powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # riscv32gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2022-08-12 # Rust 1.65, LLVM 14
             target: riscv32gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: nightly-2023-03-25 # Rust 1.70, LLVM 15
@@ -267,6 +416,8 @@ jobs:
           #   target: riscv32gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: riscv32gc-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2021-08-21 # Rust 1.56, LLVM 12
             target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: '1.59' # LLVM 13
@@ -283,28 +434,44 @@ jobs:
           #   target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: stable
             target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: beta
+          #   target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: riscv64gc-unknown-linux-gnu
             flags: -Z codegen-backend=cranelift
-          # - rust: '1.84' # LLVM 19 (oldest stable version we can use asm on this target)
-          #   target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly-2023-05-09 # Rust 1.71, LLVM 16 (oldest version we can use asm_experimental_arch on this target)
             target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: nightly-2024-02-13 # Rust 1.78, LLVM 17
           #   target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
           # - rust: nightly-2024-07-31 # Rust 1.82, LLVM 18
           #   target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - rust: '1.84' # LLVM 19 (inline asm for s390x has been stabilized in Rust 1.84)
+            target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - rust: stable
+            target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # - rust: beta
+          #   target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: s390x-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu
           - rust: nightly
             target: sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          # ------------------------------------------------------------
+          # thumbv7neon-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
           - rust: nightly
             target: thumbv7neon-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
+      # https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/148648#discussioncomment-11867019
+      - name: Workaround for AArch64 Linux runner bug
+        run: for var in PATH XDG_CONFIG_HOME; do sed -Ee "s/^/${var}=/" -e 's/(runner)admin/\1/g' <<< "${!var}"; done | tee -a -- "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        if: endsWith(matrix.os, '-arm')
       - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
       - run: |
           lscpu
@@ -320,6 +487,17 @@ jobs:
       - uses: taiki-e/github-actions/install-rust@main
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust }}
+      - id: prepare
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.target }}" == '' ]]; then
+            printf 'matrix.target must be set\n'
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          host="$(rustc -vV | grep -E '^host:' | cut -d' ' -f2)"
+          if [[ "${host}" != "${{ matrix.target }}" ]]; then
+            printf '%s\n' "TARGET=--target=${{ matrix.target }}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+            printf '%s\n' "target-not-host=true" >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+          fi
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-minimal-versions
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-careful
@@ -327,25 +505,31 @@ jobs:
       - uses: taiki-e/setup-cross-toolchain-action@v1
         with:
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
-        if: matrix.target != ''
-      - run: printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg qemu" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
-        if: matrix.target != '' && !startsWith(matrix.target, 'i686') && !startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64') && !startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos')
+        if: steps.prepare.outputs.target-not-host == 'true'
+      - run: |
+          target="${{ matrix.target }}"
+          target_lower="${target//-/_}"
+          target_lower="${target_lower//./_}"
+          target_upper=$(tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' <<<"${target_lower}")
+          if [[ "$(eval "printf '%s\n' \${CARGO_TARGET_${target_upper}_RUNNER}")" == *"qemu"* ]]; then
+            printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg qemu" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+          fi
       - run: |
           printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} ${{ matrix.flags }}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
           printf '%s\n' "RUSTDOCFLAGS=${RUSTDOCFLAGS} ${{ matrix.flags }}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
         if: matrix.flags != ''
-      - run: printf '%s\n' "TARGET=--target=${{ matrix.target }}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
-        if: matrix.target != '' && !contains(matrix.target, '-darwin')
       # TODO: LLVM bug: Undefined temporary symbol error when building std.
-      - run: printf 'RELEASE=--release\n' >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Workaround for LLVM bug about MIPS32
+        run: printf 'RELEASE=--release\n' >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
         if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips-') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'mipsel-')
       # for f16 and f128
       # https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-builtins/blob/compiler_builtins-v0.1.142/configure.rs#L60
+      # https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc_codegen_cranelift/issues/1461
       - run: printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_unstable_f16 --cfg quickcheck_unstable_f16 --cfg rand_unstable_f16" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
         if: matrix.rust == 'nightly' && !(startsWith(matrix.target, 'arm64ec') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'csky') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'hexagon') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'i586') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'i686') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'loongarch64') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'powerpc') || startsWith(matrix.target, 's390x') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'sparc') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'wasm') || contains(matrix.flags, 'codegen-backend=cranelift'))
       - run: printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg portable_atomic_unstable_f128 --cfg quickcheck_unstable_f128 --cfg rand_unstable_f128" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
         if: matrix.rust == 'nightly' && !(startsWith(matrix.target, 'arm64ec') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'i586') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'i686') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'mips64') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'mipsisa64') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'powerpc-') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'powerpc64-') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'sparc') || contains(matrix.flags, 'codegen-backend=cranelift'))
-      # for serde
+      # for serde on old nightly
       - run: printf '%s\n' "RUSTFLAGS=${RUSTFLAGS} --cfg no_diagnostic_namespace" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
         if: matrix.rust == 'nightly-2024-02-13'
 
@@ -358,13 +542,16 @@ jobs:
       # and src/tests have extended copies of doctest, so this will not reduce test coverage.
       # portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics only affects x86_64, AArch64, Arm, powerpc64, and RISC-V Linux.
       # outline-atomics is disabled by default on AArch64/powerpc64 musl with static linking
+      # AArch64 macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
       # powerpc64le- (little-endian) is skipped because it is pwr8 by default
       # RISC-V Linux is skipped because outline-atomics is currently disabled by default on riscv.
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
-        if: (matrix.target == '' && !contains(matrix.rust, 'i686') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64')) || (startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64')  || startsWith(matrix.target, 'powerpc64-')) && !(contains(matrix.target, '-musl') && matrix.flags == '') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'armv5te') || matrix.target == 'arm-linux-androideabi'
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64') || (startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'powerpc64-')) && !(contains(matrix.target, '-musl') && matrix.flags == '') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'armv5te') || matrix.target == 'arm-linux-androideabi'
+      # powerpc64 is skipped because tested below.
+      # AArch64 macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           # Note: detect_false cfg is intended to make it easy for portable-atomic developers to
@@ -372,9 +559,8 @@ jobs:
           # __kuser_helper_version < 5, etc., and is not a public API.
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_test_outline_atomics_detect_false
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_test_outline_atomics_detect_false
-        # powerpc64 is skipped because tested below.
         # TODO: arm-linux-androideabi is removed due to an issue between Rust nightly & QEMU in CI testing - needs investigation
-        if: (matrix.target == '' && !contains(matrix.rust, 'i686') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64')) || startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64') && !(contains(matrix.target, '-musl') && matrix.flags == '') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'armv5te')
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64') && !(contains(matrix.target, '-musl') && matrix.flags == '') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'armv5te')
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           QEMU_CPU: power7 # no quadword-atomics
@@ -414,26 +600,27 @@ jobs:
           QEMU_CPU: sifive-u54 # no zacas
         if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'riscv64')
       # x86_64 +cmpxchg16b
+      # macOS is skipped because it is +cmpxchg16b by default
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           # cmpxchg16b + outline-atomics (vmovdqa load/store) path is tested in first 2 runs on macOS.
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+cmpxchg16b --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+cmpxchg16b --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
-        if: matrix.target == '' && !contains(matrix.rust, 'i686') || startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64')
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64') && !contains(matrix.target, '-darwin')
       # aarch64 +lse
+      # macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse
-        # macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
         # QEMU + Wine is slow so test only cases where OS-specific code is called.
         if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64') && !contains(matrix.target, '-darwin') && matrix.target != 'aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm'
       # aarch64 +lse,+lse2
+      # macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
       - run: tools/test.sh -vv --tests ${TARGET:-} ${BUILD_STD:-} ${RELEASE:-}
         env:
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse,+lse2
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse,+lse2
-        # macOS is skipped because it is +lse,+lse2 by default
         # QEMU + Wine is slow so test only cases where OS-specific code is called.
         if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64') && !contains(matrix.target, '-darwin') && matrix.target != 'aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm'
       # powerpc64 pwr7
@@ -615,6 +802,11 @@ jobs:
           # - '1.77' # LLVM 17
           # - '1.81' # LLVM 18
           - stable
+          - nightly-2022-08-12 # Rust 1.65, LLVM 14
+          # - nightly-2023-03-25 # Rust 1.70, LLVM 15
+          # - nightly-2023-08-08 # Rust 1.73, LLVM 16
+          # - nightly-2024-02-13 # Rust 1.78, LLVM 17
+          # - nightly-2024-07-31 # Rust 1.82, LLVM 18
           - nightly
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -713,6 +905,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
       - uses: taiki-e/github-actions/install-rust@nightly
+        with:
+          component: miri
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       # - run: sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -qq update && sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install -y --no-install-recommends moreutils
       - run: printf '%s\n' "TARGET=--target=${{ matrix.target }}" >>"${GITHUB_ENV}"
@@ -767,21 +961,57 @@ jobs:
 
   valgrind:
     needs: tidy
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    name: valgrind (${{ matrix.target }})
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+          - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
+      # https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/148648#discussioncomment-11867019
+      - name: Workaround for AArch64 Linux runner bug
+        run: for var in PATH XDG_CONFIG_HOME; do sed -Ee "s/^/${var}=/" -e 's/(runner)admin/\1/g' <<< "${!var}"; done | tee -a -- "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+        if: endsWith(matrix.os, '-arm')
       - uses: taiki-e/checkout-action@v1
       - uses: taiki-e/github-actions/install-rust@nightly
+      - run: |
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.target }}" == '' ]]; then
+            printf 'matrix.target must be set\n'
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          host="$(rustc -vV | grep -E '^host:' | cut -d' ' -f2)"
+          if [[ "${host}" != "${{ matrix.target }}" ]]; then
+            printf 'matrix.target must be the same as host\n'
+            exit 1
+          fi
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       # - run: sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -qq update && sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Retries=10 -o Dpkg::Use-Pty=0 install -y --no-install-recommends moreutils
       - uses: taiki-e/install-action@valgrind
       - run: tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
-      # +cmpxchg16b
+      # x86_64 +cmpxchg16b
       - run: tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
         env:
           # vmovdqa load/store path has been tested above, disable outline-atomics and test cmpxchg16b load/store path.
           RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+cmpxchg16b --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
           RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+cmpxchg16b --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'x86_64')
+      # On AArch64 linux-gnu, outline-atomics is enabled by default.
+      - run: tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
+        env:
+          RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
+          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cfg portable_atomic_no_outline_atomics
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64')
+      # aarch64 +lse
+      # As of Valgrind 3.19, Valgrind supports atomic instructions of Armv8.0 and Armv8.1 (FEAT_LSE).
+      - run: tools/test.sh valgrind -vv
+        env:
+          RUSTDOCFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTDOCFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse
+          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -C target-feature=+lse
+        if: startsWith(matrix.target, 'aarch64')
 
   codegen:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 86fa52d5..4c944086 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0_OR_MIT-blue?style=flat-square)](#license)
 [![msrv](https://img.shields.io/badge/msrv-1.34-blue?style=flat-square&logo=rust)](https://www.rust-lang.org)
 [![github actions](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/taiki-e/portable-atomic/ci.yml?branch=main&style=flat-square&logo=github)](https://github.com/taiki-e/portable-atomic/actions)
-[![cirrus ci](https://img.shields.io/cirrus/github/taiki-e/portable-atomic/main?style=flat-square&logo=cirrusci)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/taiki-e/portable-atomic)
 
 <!-- tidy:crate-doc:start -->
 Portable atomic types including support for 128-bit atomics, atomic float, etc.
diff --git a/portable-atomic-util/README.md b/portable-atomic-util/README.md
index 199d10d9..b131e16e 100644
--- a/portable-atomic-util/README.md
+++ b/portable-atomic-util/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache--2.0_OR_MIT-blue?style=flat-square)](#license)
 [![msrv](https://img.shields.io/badge/msrv-1.34-blue?style=flat-square&logo=rust)](https://www.rust-lang.org)
 [![github actions](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/taiki-e/portable-atomic/ci.yml?branch=main&style=flat-square&logo=github)](https://github.com/taiki-e/portable-atomic/actions)
-[![cirrus ci](https://img.shields.io/cirrus/github/taiki-e/portable-atomic/main?style=flat-square&logo=cirrusci)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/taiki-e/portable-atomic)
 
 <!-- tidy:crate-doc:start -->
 Synchronization primitives built with [portable-atomic].