readme.md

Image of handwritten notes to text

What does this do?

This project converts an image of post-it notes and extract the texts using deep learning based computer vision model.

How is this accomplished?

The machine learning component involves a number of Computer Vision tasks, namely:

Image preprocessing -Converts post-It notes into a similar format as the training data

Line segmentation - Segments text in the post-it into lines

Handwriting Text Recognition. - Converts lines to texts using Easter2 Model, a convolution based model with dense residual connections and squeeze and excitatoin modules

The model is trained on publicly available data.

Pre-Processing

Training data comes line by line and looks something like this: I apply the following steps to normalize the images into similar format as training data

Line to text - Easter2 Model

Easter2 Model is composed of

1. Repeating blocks of 1-D CNN->Batch-Norm->ReLU->Dropout
2. Dense Residual Connections
3. Squeeze and excitaton module

Squeeze and Excitation Module

Squeeze and Excitation Module or SE starts by average pooling local features, then applies 2 fully connected layer and returns a context vector. The context vector is multiplied element-wise with the local features.

Dataset

IAM (IAM Handwriting)

• 13,353 images of handwritten lines of text created by 657 writers
• writers transcribed text from Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English
• total of 1,539 handwritten pages
• 115,320 words
• The database is labeled at the sentence, line, and word levels
• Dataset paper: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition

Accessing dataset:

• You need to register first at https://fki.tic.heia-fr.ch/databases/iam-handwriting-database
• Github repo with data download python notebook: https://github.com/kartikgill/Easter2/blob/main/notebooks/iam_dataset_download.ipynb
• Train-test split: wget https://www.openslr.org/resources/56/splits.zip

The papers can be found under model/papers directory.

Model Performance

I use the standard metric of CER, or Character Error Rate. The state-of-the-art character error rates below 3% are achieved through internal and synthetic dataset.
The transformer based model TrOCR by Microsoft achieves a CER of 2.89% but they use synthetic dataset. Easter2 is the SOTA when using IAM Handwriting dataset only, achieving SOTA of 6.21%

Citation

@article{chaudhary2022easter2, title={Easter2. 0: Improving convolutional models for handwritten text recognition}, author={Chaudhary, Kartik and Bali, Raghav}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.14879}, year={2022} }

Below are some resources used to aid in the project.

Other
Flask: https://roytuts.com/upload-and-display-image-using-python-flask/

Terminologies: HTR- Handwriting Text Recognition Squeeze and Excitation (SE) module Youtube lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSZqvObJVMg&ab_channel=MaziarRaissi

CTC- Connectionist Temporal Classification https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c86gfVGcvh4&ab_channel=CarnegieMellonUniversityDeepLearning

Dense Residual Connection

CER- Character Error Rate