diff --git a/src/tensortrain.jl b/src/tensortrain.jl
index 9638c74..26cc036 100644
--- a/src/tensortrain.jl
+++ b/src/tensortrain.jl
@@ -255,49 +255,102 @@ function TensorTrain(A::AbstractArray, sites; kwargs...)
 end
 
 """
-    TensorTrain(tt_data; sites, kwargs...)
+    TensorTrain(tt_data::AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray}; sites)
 
-Construct a TensorTrain from tensor train data (like QuanticsTCI/TensorCrossInterpolation) with specified sites.
+Construct a TensorTrain from a vector of core arrays and site indices.
 
-This constructor is used for converting from other tensor train formats (e.g., QuanticsTCI, TensorCrossInterpolation)
-to TensorTrain by specifying the site indices.
+This constructor supports sites with arbitrary numbers of physical indices per site.
+It validates the number of physical indices at each site, constructs link indices by
+reading the core bond dimensions, and builds a `Vector{ITensor}` directly.
 
 # Arguments
-- `tt_data`: Tensor train data (e.g., from QuanticsTCI or TensorCrossInterpolation)
-- `sites`: Site indices - either `Vector{Index}` (for MPS) or `Vector{Vector{Index}}` (for MPO)
+- `tt_data::AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray}`: Vector of TT core arrays.
+- `sites`: Either `AbstractVector{<:Index}` (MPS case, one physical index per site) or
+  `AbstractVector{<:AbstractVector{<:Index}}` (general case, arbitrary number of physical indices per site).
+  Each element `sites[n]` is either a single `Index` (MPS) or a vector of physical indices for site `n`.
 
-# Keyword Arguments
-- `kwargs...`: Additional keyword arguments passed to ITensorMPS constructors
+# Assumptions
+- Core axis order is `(left_link, physical..., right_link)`.
+- Each core has `length(sites[n]) + 2` dimensions (physical indices + 2 links).
+- Boundary link dimensions are represented in the arrays (typically 1 on edges).
 
 # Returns
 - `TensorTrain`: A new TensorTrain object
 """
-function TensorTrain(tt_data; sites, kwargs...)
+function TensorTrain(tt_data::AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray}; sites)
+    N = length(tt_data)
+    N == 0 && return TensorTrain(Vector{ITensor}())
+    
+    # Normalize sites to AbstractVector{AbstractVector{Index}} format
+    # Check if sites is AbstractVector{<:Index} (MPS case)
     if length(sites) > 0 && sites[1] isa Index
-        # MPS case: sites is Vector{Index}
-        mps = ITensorMPS.MPS(tt_data, sites; kwargs...)
-        return TensorTrain(mps)
-    else
-        # MPO case: sites is Vector{Vector{Index}}
-        # Check if tt_data is TensorCrossInterpolation.TensorTrain
-        # Try to use TensorCrossInterpolation conversion if available
-        tt_type = typeof(tt_data)
-        if hasmethod(ITensorMPS.MPO, (typeof(tt_data),); kwargs...)
-            # Try ITensorMPS.MPO with sites keyword argument (for TensorCrossInterpolation)
-            try
-                mpo = ITensorMPS.MPO(tt_data; sites=sites, kwargs...)
-                return TensorTrain(mpo)
-            catch
-                # Fallback to generic MPO constructor
-                mpo = ITensorMPS.MPO(tt_data, sites; kwargs...)
-                return TensorTrain(mpo)
-            end
+        # Convert to Vector{Vector{Index}} format
+        sites = [[s] for s in sites]
+    elseif length(sites) > 0 && !(sites[1] isa AbstractVector)
+        error("sites must be either AbstractVector{<:Index} or AbstractVector{<:AbstractVector{<:Index}}")
+    end
+
+    length(sites) == N || error("Length mismatch: length(sites)=$(length(sites)) must equal length(tt_data)=$N")
+
+    # Determine expected number of physical indices per site
+    expected_physical_per_site = [length(sites[n]) for n in 1:N]
+
+    # Validate core dimensionalities and extract link dimensions
+    left_link_dims = Vector{Int}(undef, N)
+    right_link_dims = Vector{Int}(undef, N)
+    for n in 1:N
+        core = tt_data[n]
+        nd = ndims(core)
+        expected_nd = expected_physical_per_site[n] + 2
+        nd == expected_nd || error("Core $n has ndims=$nd but expected $expected_nd (physical=$(expected_physical_per_site[n]) + 2 links)")
+        left_link_dims[n] = size(core, 1)
+        right_link_dims[n] = size(core, nd)
+        if n > 1 && left_link_dims[n] != right_link_dims[n - 1]
+            error("Bond mismatch between cores $(n-1) and $n: right=$(right_link_dims[n-1]) vs left=$(left_link_dims[n])")
+        end
+    end
+
+    # Create link indices from link dimensions for the N-1 bonds
+    links = N > 1 ? [Index(right_link_dims[n], "Link,l=$n") for n in 1:(N - 1)] : Index[]
+
+    # Build ITensors per site
+    tensors = Vector{ITensor}(undef, N)
+    for n in 1:N
+        core = tt_data[n]
+        nphys = expected_physical_per_site[n]
+        site_inds_n = sites[n]
+
+        # Use site indices as given (no special MPO convention)
+        site_inds_tuple = Tuple(site_inds_n)
+
+        # Validate physical dimensions match the array sizes on axes 2:(1+nphys)
+        for p in 1:nphys
+            idx = site_inds_tuple[p]
+            array_dim = size(core, 1 + p)
+            ITensors.dim(idx) == array_dim || error(
+                "Physical dim mismatch at site $n, physical $p: array=$(array_dim) vs index=$(ITensors.dim(idx))",
+            )
+        end
+
+        # Assemble index tuple in the assumed order: (left?, physical..., right?)
+        inds_tuple = if n == 1 && n == N
+            # Single-site
+            site_inds_tuple
+        elseif n == 1
+            # First: physical..., right_link
+            Tuple(vcat(collect(site_inds_tuple), [links[n]]))
+        elseif n == N
+            # Last: left_link, physical...
+            Tuple(vcat([links[n - 1]], collect(site_inds_tuple)))
         else
-            # Try generic MPO constructor
-            mpo = ITensorMPS.MPO(tt_data, sites; kwargs...)
-            return TensorTrain(mpo)
+            # Middle: left_link, physical..., right_link
+            Tuple(vcat([links[n - 1]], collect(site_inds_tuple), [links[n]]))
         end
+
+        tensors[n] = ITensor(core, inds_tuple...)
     end
+
+    return TensorTrain(tensors)
 end
 
 # Iterator implementation
diff --git a/test/tensortrain_tests.jl b/test/tensortrain_tests.jl
index 045ff84..233621a 100644
--- a/test/tensortrain_tests.jl
+++ b/test/tensortrain_tests.jl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     include("util.jl")
 
     import T4AITensorCompat: TensorTrain, dist, siteinds, random_mps, random_mpo
-    import ITensors: ITensor, Index, random_itensor, dim
+    import ITensors: ITensor, Index, random_itensor, dim, inds
     import ITensorMPS
     import ITensors: Algorithm, @Algorithm_str
     import LinearAlgebra: norm
@@ -773,4 +773,206 @@
         @test length(sites[1]) == 1
         @test sites[1][1] == i1
     end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - MPS case" begin
+        # Create site indices
+        sites = [Index(2, "Site,n=$n") for n in 1:3]
+        
+        # Create TT cores as arrays: (left_link, physical, right_link)
+        # First core: (1, 2, 3) - left boundary is 1
+        # Middle core: (3, 2, 4) - bond dimension 3
+        # Last core: (4, 2, 1) - right boundary is 1
+        core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 3)
+        core2 = randn(Float64, 3, 2, 4)
+        core3 = randn(Float64, 4, 2, 1)
+        tt_data = [core1, core2, core3]
+        
+        # Construct TensorTrain using AbstractVector{<:Index} format
+        tt = TensorTrain(tt_data; sites=sites)
+        
+        # Verify structure
+        @test length(tt) == 3
+        @test length(tt.data) == 3
+        
+        # Verify that each tensor has correct indices
+        # First tensor should have: (site[1], link[1])
+        @test length(inds(tt[1])) == 2
+        @test sites[1] in inds(tt[1])
+        
+        # Middle tensor should have: (link[1], site[2], link[2])
+        @test length(inds(tt[2])) == 3
+        @test sites[2] in inds(tt[2])
+        
+        # Last tensor should have: (link[2], site[3])
+        @test length(inds(tt[3])) == 2
+        @test sites[3] in inds(tt[3])
+        
+        # Verify physical dimensions match
+        for n in 1:3
+            site_inds = siteinds(tt)[n]
+            @test length(site_inds) == 1
+            @test site_inds[1] == sites[n]
+            @test dim(site_inds[1]) == 2
+        end
+        
+        # Verify link dimensions
+        links = T4AITensorCompat.linkinds(tt)
+        @test length(links) == 2
+        @test dim(links[1]) == 3
+        @test dim(links[2]) == 4
+        
+        # Verify that we can convert back to MPS and the data matches
+        mps = ITensorMPS.MPS(tt)
+        @test length(mps) == 3
+        
+        # Verify round-trip: convert back to arrays and check dimensions
+        tt_reconstructed = TensorTrain(mps)
+        for n in 1:3
+            @test length(inds(tt_reconstructed[n])) == length(inds(tt[n]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - MPO case" begin
+        # Create site indices (MPO: each site has 2 physical indices)
+        sites = [[Index(2, "Site,n=$n,lower"), Index(2, "Site,n=$n,upper")] for n in 1:3]
+        
+        # Create TT cores as arrays: (left_link, physical1, physical2, right_link)
+        # First core: (1, 2, 2, 3)
+        # Middle core: (3, 2, 2, 4)
+        # Last core: (4, 2, 2, 1)
+        core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 2, 3)
+        core2 = randn(Float64, 3, 2, 2, 4)
+        core3 = randn(Float64, 4, 2, 2, 1)
+        tt_data = [core1, core2, core3]
+        
+        # Construct TensorTrain using AbstractVector{AbstractVector{<:Index}} format
+        tt = TensorTrain(tt_data; sites=sites)
+        
+        # Verify structure
+        @test length(tt) == 3
+        @test length(tt.data) == 3
+        
+        # Verify that each tensor has correct indices
+        # First tensor should have: (site[1][1], site[1][2], link[1])
+        @test length(inds(tt[1])) == 3
+        
+        # Middle tensor should have: (link[1], site[2][1], site[2][2], link[2])
+        @test length(inds(tt[2])) == 4
+        
+        # Last tensor should have: (link[2], site[3][1], site[3][2])
+        @test length(inds(tt[3])) == 3
+        
+        # Verify physical dimensions match
+        for n in 1:3
+            site_inds = siteinds(tt)[n]
+            @test length(site_inds) == 2
+            @test Set(site_inds) == Set(sites[n])
+            @test dim(site_inds[1]) == 2
+            @test dim(site_inds[2]) == 2
+        end
+        
+        # Verify link dimensions
+        links = T4AITensorCompat.linkinds(tt)
+        @test length(links) == 2
+        @test dim(links[1]) == 3
+        @test dim(links[2]) == 4
+        
+        # Verify that we can convert back to MPO and the data matches
+        mpo = ITensorMPS.MPO(tt)
+        @test length(mpo) == 3
+    end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - arbitrary physical indices" begin
+        # Test case with different numbers of physical indices per site
+        # Site 1: 1 physical index
+        # Site 2: 2 physical indices
+        # Site 3: 3 physical indices
+        sites = [
+            [Index(2, "Site1")],
+            [Index(3, "Site2,lower"), Index(3, "Site2,upper")],
+            [Index(2, "Site3,a"), Index(2, "Site3,b"), Index(2, "Site3,c")]
+        ]
+        
+        # Create TT cores with appropriate dimensions
+        # Core 1: (1, 2, 3) - 1 physical index
+        # Core 2: (3, 3, 3, 4) - 2 physical indices
+        # Core 3: (4, 2, 2, 2, 1) - 3 physical indices
+        core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 3)
+        core2 = randn(Float64, 3, 3, 3, 4)
+        core3 = randn(Float64, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1)
+        tt_data = [core1, core2, core3]
+        
+        # Construct TensorTrain
+        tt = TensorTrain(tt_data; sites=sites)
+        
+        # Verify structure
+        @test length(tt) == 3
+        
+        # Verify physical dimensions match
+        for n in 1:3
+            site_inds = siteinds(tt)[n]
+            @test length(site_inds) == length(sites[n])
+            @test Set(site_inds) == Set(sites[n])
+        end
+        
+        # Verify link dimensions
+        links = T4AITensorCompat.linkinds(tt)
+        @test length(links) == 2
+        @test dim(links[1]) == 3
+        @test dim(links[2]) == 4
+    end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - error cases" begin
+        sites = [Index(2, "Site,n=$n") for n in 1:3]
+        
+        # Test length mismatch
+        core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 3)
+        core2 = randn(Float64, 3, 2, 4)
+        wrong_sites = [Index(2, "Site,n=$n") for n in 1:2]  # Wrong length
+        @test_throws Exception TensorTrain([core1, core2]; sites=wrong_sites)
+        
+        # Test dimension mismatch - wrong number of dimensions
+        wrong_core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 3, 4)  # 4 dims instead of 3
+        @test_throws Exception TensorTrain([wrong_core1, core2]; sites=sites)
+        
+        # Test physical dimension mismatch
+        wrong_sites_dim = [Index(3, "Site,n=$n") for n in 1:3]  # dim=3 instead of 2
+        @test_throws Exception TensorTrain([core1, core2, randn(Float64, 4, 3, 1)]; sites=wrong_sites_dim)
+        
+        # Test bond dimension mismatch
+        wrong_core2 = randn(Float64, 5, 2, 4)  # Left link dim=5, but core1 right link dim=3
+        @test_throws Exception TensorTrain([core1, wrong_core2]; sites=sites[1:2])
+    end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - single site" begin
+        # Single site MPS
+        sites = [Index(2, "Site1")]
+        core1 = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 1)
+        tt = TensorTrain([core1]; sites=sites)
+        
+        @test length(tt) == 1
+        @test length(inds(tt[1])) == 1
+        @test sites[1] in inds(tt[1])
+        
+        # Single site MPO
+        sites_mpo = [[Index(2, "Site1,lower"), Index(2, "Site1,upper")]]
+        core1_mpo = randn(Float64, 1, 2, 2, 1)
+        tt_mpo = TensorTrain([core1_mpo]; sites=sites_mpo)
+        
+        @test length(tt_mpo) == 1
+        @test length(inds(tt_mpo[1])) == 2
+        site_inds = siteinds(tt_mpo)[1]
+        @test length(site_inds) == 2
+        @test Set(site_inds) == Set(sites_mpo[1])
+    end
+
+    @testset "TensorTrain from AbstractVector{<:AbstractArray} - empty" begin
+        # Empty TensorTrain
+        tt = TensorTrain(Vector{Array{Float64,3}}(); sites=Index[])
+        @test length(tt) == 0
+        
+        # Empty TensorTrain with empty sites vector
+        tt2 = TensorTrain(Vector{Array{Float64,3}}(); sites=Vector{Index}[])
+        @test length(tt2) == 0
+    end
 end