diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 4919b23327..8740ddae2d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
         scala: [2.12, 2.13, 3]
-        java: [temurin@8, temurin@17, graalvm@17]
+        java: [temurin@8, temurin@17, graalvm@21]
         project: [catsNative, catsJS, catsJVM]
         exclude:
           - scala: 2.12
             java: temurin@17
           - scala: 2.12
-            java: graalvm@17
+            java: graalvm@21
           - scala: 3
             java: temurin@17
           - scala: 3
-            java: graalvm@17
+            java: graalvm@21
           - project: catsNative
             java: temurin@17
           - project: catsNative
-            java: graalvm@17
+            java: graalvm@21
           - project: catsJS
             java: temurin@17
           - project: catsJS
-            java: graalvm@17
+            java: graalvm@21
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
@@ -85,17 +85,17 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.java == 'temurin@17' && steps.setup-java-temurin-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
-      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@17)
-        id: setup-java-graalvm-17
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17'
+      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@21)
+        id: setup-java-graalvm-21
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21'
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: graalvm
-          java-version: 17
+          java-version: 21
           cache: sbt
 
       - name: sbt update
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-21.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
       - name: Check that workflows are up to date
@@ -183,17 +183,17 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.java == 'temurin@17' && steps.setup-java-temurin-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
-      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@17)
-        id: setup-java-graalvm-17
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17'
+      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@21)
+        id: setup-java-graalvm-21
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21'
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: graalvm
-          java-version: 17
+          java-version: 21
           cache: sbt
 
       - name: sbt update
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-21.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
       - name: Download target directories (2.12, catsNative)
@@ -353,17 +353,17 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.java == 'temurin@17' && steps.setup-java-temurin-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
-      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@17)
-        id: setup-java-graalvm-17
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17'
+      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@21)
+        id: setup-java-graalvm-21
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21'
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: graalvm
-          java-version: 17
+          java-version: 21
           cache: sbt
 
       - name: sbt update
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-21.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
       - name: Submit Dependencies
@@ -439,17 +439,17 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.java == 'temurin@17' && steps.setup-java-temurin-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
-      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@17)
-        id: setup-java-graalvm-17
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17'
+      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@21)
+        id: setup-java-graalvm-21
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21'
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: graalvm
-          java-version: 17
+          java-version: 21
           cache: sbt
 
       - name: sbt update
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-21.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
       - name: Generate site
@@ -505,17 +505,17 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.java == 'temurin@17' && steps.setup-java-temurin-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
-      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@17)
-        id: setup-java-graalvm-17
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17'
+      - name: Setup Java (graalvm@21)
+        id: setup-java-graalvm-21
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21'
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: graalvm
-          java-version: 17
+          java-version: 21
           cache: sbt
 
       - name: sbt update
-        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@17' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-17.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
+        if: matrix.java == 'graalvm@21' && steps.setup-java-graalvm-21.outputs.cache-hit == 'false'
         run: sbt +update
 
       - name: Scalafix tests
diff --git a/build.sbt b/build.sbt
index 44fc00755c..8dfba21b7e 100644
--- a/build.sbt
+++ b/build.sbt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ val munitVersion = "1.0.2"
 
 val PrimaryJava = JavaSpec.temurin("8")
 val LTSJava = JavaSpec.temurin("17")
-val GraalVM = JavaSpec.graalvm("17")
+val GraalVM = JavaSpec.graalvm("21")
 
 ThisBuild / githubWorkflowJavaVersions := Seq(PrimaryJava, LTSJava, GraalVM)